netty 网络通信示例一

Netty系列之Netty高性能之道：http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/netty-high-performance
Nio通讯框架学习：http://guojuanjun.blog.51cto.com/277646/841342/
Netty是什么：http://lippeng.iteye.com/blog/1907279
Java NIO框架Netty教程：http://blog.csdn.net/kobejayandy/article/details/11495509
netty初步，与各个版本的比较 ：http://blog.csdn.net/u010154380/article/details/46988269
Netty版本升级血泪史之线程篇：http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/netty-version-upgrade-history-thread-part/
     Netty是由JBOSS提供的一个java开源框架。Netty提供异步的、事件驱动的网络应用程序框架和工具，用以快速开发高性能、高可靠性的网络服务器和客户端程序。具体的我们就不在详讲，参看上面的引用连接。
     从今天起，我们从netty的几个实例来看，如何构建网络通信，本文中的所用的netty版本为4.1.12，相关的源码github地址为https://github.com/Donaldhan/netty_demo：
实例1，简单的消息通信应用：
服务端：

package netty.main.echo;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContextBuilder;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.util.SelfSignedCertificate;
import netty.handler.echo.EchoServerHandler;

/**
 * Discards any incoming data.
 * @author donald
 * 2017年6月16日
 * 上午9:39:53
 */
public class EchoServer {
	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EchoServer.class);
	 static final boolean SSL = System.getProperty("ssl") != null;
	private static final  String ip = "192.168.31.153";
	private static final  int port = 10010;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
      run();
    }
    public static void run() throws Exception {
    	 // Configure SSL.
        final SslContext sslCtx;
        if (SSL) {
            SelfSignedCertificate ssc = new SelfSignedCertificate();
            sslCtx = SslContextBuilder.forServer(ssc.certificate(), ssc.privateKey()).build();
        } else {
            sslCtx = null;
        }

    	/*
    	 * EventLoopGroup（多线程事件loop），处理IO操作，这里我们用了两个事件loop
    	 * 第一个用于处理器监听连接请求，第二个用于数据的传输；
    	 * 具体线程是多少依赖于事件loop的具体实现
    	 * */
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); // (1)
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
        	//ServerBootstrap，用于配置服务端，一般为ServerSocket通道
            ServerBootstrap serverBoot = new ServerBootstrap(); 
            serverBoot.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
             .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) 
             .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { 
                 @Override
                 public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                	//添加通道处理器到通道关联的管道，准确的中文翻译为管道线， 此管道线与Mina中过滤链十分相似,
                	//ChannelInitializer用于配置通道的管道线，ChannelPipeline
                	 ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                     if (sslCtx != null) {
                    	 pipeline.addLast(sslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc()));
                     }
                     pipeline.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
                     pipeline.addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
                 }
             })
             .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)//socket监听器连接队列大小、
             .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); //保活，此配置针对ServerSocket通道接收连接产生的Socket通道
            InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(ip,port);
            // 绑定地址，开始监听
            ChannelFuture f = serverBoot.bind(inetSocketAddress).sync();
            log.info("=========Server is start=========");
            //等待，直到ServerSocket关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

服务端处理器：

package netty.handler.echo;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;

/**
 * Handles a server-side channel.
 * @author donald
 * 2017年6月16日
 * 上午9:36:53
 */
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
   private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EchoServerHandler.class);
   /**
    * 读client通道数据，通道处理器上下文ChannelHandlerContext与Mina的会话很像
    */
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
    	ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf)msg;
    	byte[] bytes = new byte[in.writerIndex()];
    	in.readBytes(bytes);
    	//针对堆buf，direct buf不支持
//    	byte[] bytes = in.array();
    	String message = null;
		try {
			message = new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
    	try{
    		log.info("===Server reciever message:" +message);
    	}
    	finally{
    		//如果msg为引用计数对象，在使用后注意释放，一般在通道handler中释放
//            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
    	}
    	String ackMessage = "hello client ...";
    	in.clear();
    	try {
			in.writeBytes(ackMessage.getBytes("UTF-8"));
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
    	ctx.write(in);
        
    }
    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        ctx.flush();
    }
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
    	//异常发生时，关闭连接
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

客户端：

package netty.main.echo;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContextBuilder;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.util.InsecureTrustManagerFactory;
import netty.handler.echo.EchoClientHandler;
/**
 * 
 * @author donald
 * 2017年6月20日
 * 下午12:44:58
 */
public final class EchoClient {
	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EchoClient.class);
	private static final boolean SSL = System.getProperty("ssl") != null;
	private static final String ip = System.getProperty("host", "192.168.31.153");
	private static final int port = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("port", "10010"));
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
       run();
    }
    private static void run() throws SSLException, InterruptedException{
    	 //配置安全套接字上下文
        final SslContext sslCtx;
        if (SSL) {
            sslCtx = SslContextBuilder.forClient()
                .trustManager(InsecureTrustManagerFactory.INSTANCE).build();
        } else {
            sslCtx = null;
        }
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
        	//Bootstrap，用于配置客户端，一般为Socket通道
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(workerGroup)
             .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
             .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                 @Override
                 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                	 //添加安全套接字处理器和通道处理器到
                     ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                     if (sslCtx != null) {
                    	 pipeline.addLast(sslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc(), ip, port));
                     }
                     pipeline.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
                     pipeline.addLast(new EchoClientHandler());
                 }
             });
            InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(ip,port);
            //连接socket地址
            ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect(inetSocketAddress).sync();
            log.info("=========Client is start=========");
            //等待，直到连接关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
        	workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

客户端处理器：

package netty.handler.echo;


import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

/**
 * 
 * @author donald
 * 2017年6月20日
 * 下午12:45:04
 */
public class EchoClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EchoClientHandler.class);
	private final ByteBuf firstMessage;
	public EchoClientHandler() {
		String message = "Hello Server...";
        firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(1024);//堆buffer
        try {
			firstMessage.writeBytes(message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
			firstMessage.retainedDuplicate();
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
        
    }
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        ctx.write(firstMessage);
        ctx.flush();
    }  
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
    	ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf)msg;
    	byte[] bytes = new byte[in.writerIndex()];
    	in.readBytes(bytes);
    	//针对堆buf，direct buf不支持
//    	byte[] bytes = in.array();
    	String message = new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
    	log.info("===Client reciever ack message from Server:" +message);
    }
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

分别启动服务端与客户端，控制台输出：
服务端：
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:51 netty.main.echo.EchoServer =========Server is start=========
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xa4c1b700, L:/192.168.31.153:10010 - R:/192.168.31.153:28426] REGISTERED
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xa4c1b700, L:/192.168.31.153:10010 - R:/192.168.31.153:28426] ACTIVE
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xa4c1b700, L:/192.168.31.153:10010 - R:/192.168.31.153:28426] READ: 15B
         +-------------------------------------------------+
         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 53 65 72 76 65 72 2e 2e 2e    |Hello Server... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 netty.handler.echo.EchoServerHandler ===Server reciever message:Hello Server...
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xa4c1b700, L:/192.168.31.153:10010 - R:/192.168.31.153:28426] WRITE: 16B
         +-------------------------------------------------+
         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 2e 2e 2e |hello client ...|
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xa4c1b700, L:/192.168.31.153:10010 - R:/192.168.31.153:28426] READ COMPLETE
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xa4c1b700, L:/192.168.31.153:10010 - R:/192.168.31.153:28426] FLUSH

客户端：
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xbd3abb79] REGISTERED
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xbd3abb79] CONNECT: /192.168.31.153:10010
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 netty.main.echo.EchoClient =========Client is start=========
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xbd3abb79, L:/192.168.31.153:28426 - R:/192.168.31.153:10010] ACTIVE
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xbd3abb79, L:/192.168.31.153:28426 - R:/192.168.31.153:10010] WRITE: 15B
         +-------------------------------------------------+
         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 53 65 72 76 65 72 2e 2e 2e    |Hello Server... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xbd3abb79, L:/192.168.31.153:28426 - R:/192.168.31.153:10010] FLUSH
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xbd3abb79, L:/192.168.31.153:28426 - R:/192.168.31.153:10010] READ: 16B
         +-------------------------------------------------+
         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 63 6c 69 65 6e 74 20 2e 2e 2e |hello client ...|
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 netty.handler.echo.EchoClientHandler ===Client reciever ack message from Server:hello client ...
[INFO ] 2017-07-05 21:23:59 io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler [id: 0xbd3abb79, L:/192.168.31.153:28426 - R:/192.168.31.153:10010] READ COMPLETE