ThreadLocal与synchronized

ThreadLocal与synchronized
这个类有一个Student的私有变量,在run方法中，它随机产生一个整数。然后设置到student变量中,从student中读取设置后的值。然后睡眠5秒钟，最后再次读student的age值。

public class ThreadDemo implements Runnable{
  [color=red]Student student = new Student();[/color]
  public static void main(String[] agrs) {
	 ThreadDemo td = new ThreadDemo();
	 Thread t1 = new Thread(td,"a");
	 Thread t2 = new Thread(td,"b");
    t1.start();
    t2.start();

  }
/* (non-Javadoc)
 * @see java.lang.Runnable#run()
 */
 public void run() {
	 accessStudent();
 }
 
 public void accessStudent() {
	    String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
	    System.out.println(currentThreadName+" is running!");
	   // System.out.println("first  read age is:"+this.student.getAge());
	    Random random = new Random();
	    int age = random.nextInt(100);
	    System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" set age to:"+age);
	   
	   this.student.setAge(age);
	    System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName+" first  read age is:"+this.student.getAge());
	    try {
	    Thread.sleep(5000);
	    }
	    catch(InterruptedException ex) {
	    	ex.printStackTrace();
	    }
	    System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" second read age is:"+this.student.getAge());
	     
 } 
}

注意：这里的this.student.setAge(age);

我们把第一个例子用ThreadLocal来实现,但是我们需要些许改变。
Student并不是一个私有变量了，而是需要封装在一个ThreadLocal对象中去。调用ThreadLocal的set方法，ThreadLocal会为每一个线程都保持一份Student变量的副本。所以对student的读取操作都是通过ThreadLocal来进行的。

	protected Student getStudent() {
		Student student = (Student)studentLocal.get();
		if(student == null) {
			student = new Student();
			studentLocal.set(student);
		}
		return student;
	}
	
	protected void setStudent(Student student) {
		studentLocal.set(student);
	}

accessStudent()方法需要做一些改变。通过调用getStudent()方法来获得当前线程的Student变量，如果当前线程不存在一个Student变量，getStudent方法会创建一个新的Student变量，并设置在当前线程中。
    Student student = getStudent();
    student.setAge(age);
accessStudent()方法中无需要任何同步代码。

完整的代码清单如下：
TreadLocalDemo.java

public class TreadLocalDemo implements Runnable {
   private final static  ThreadLocal studentLocal = new ThreadLocal();
   
   public static void main(String[] agrs) {
	   TreadLocalDemo td = new TreadLocalDemo();
		 Thread t1 = new Thread(td,"a");
		 Thread t2 = new Thread(td,"b");
		
	    t1.start();
	    t2.start();
	   
	   


	  }
   
	/* (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see java.lang.Runnable#run()
	 */
	public void run() {
		 accessStudent();
	}

	public  void  accessStudent() {
		
	    String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
	    System.out.println(currentThreadName+" is running!");
	    Random random = new Random();
	    int age = random.nextInt(100);
	    System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" set age to:"+age);
	    Student student = getStudent();
	    student.setAge(age);
	    System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName+" first  read age is:"+student.getAge());
	    try {
	    Thread.sleep(5000);
	    }
	    catch(InterruptedException ex) {
	    	ex.printStackTrace();
	    }
	    System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" second read age is:"+student.getAge());
	    
	}
	
	protected Student getStudent() {
		Student student = (Student)studentLocal.get();
		if(student == null) {
			student = new Student();
			studentLocal.set(student);
		}
		return student;
	}
	
	protected void setStudent(Student student) {
		studentLocal.set(student);
	}
}

Student student = getStudent();
student.setAge(age);

可见，使用ThreadLocal后，我们不需要任何同步代码，却能够保证我们线程间数据的安全。
而且，ThreadLocal的使用也非常的简单。
我们仅仅需要使用它提供的两个方法
void set(Object obj) 设置当前线程的变量的副本的值。
Object get() 返回当前线程的变量副本

由此可见，ThreadLocal通过一个Map来为每个线程都持有一个变量副本。这个map以当前线程为key。与synchronized相比，ThreadLocal是以空间换时间的策略来实现多线程程序。

Synchronized还是ThreadLocal?
ThreadLocal以空间换取时间，提供了一种非常简便的多线程实现方式。因为多个线程并发访问无需进行等……………………

    	public void  accessStudent(){
		//synchronized(this){	
		String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();   
        System.out.println(currentThreadName+" is running!");   
       // System.out.println("first  read age is:"+this.student.getAge());   
        Random random = new Random();   
        int age = random.nextInt(100);   
        System.out.println("thread "+currentThreadName +" set age to:"+age);   
        Student student =  new Student();
        student.setAge(age);