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yaolixing01:
他山界面开发框架 v22是一套基于Gecko v22 的开源收 ...
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chenpeilei2003:
您是这篇博文的原创吗 , 我通篇看完了, 很受教。
学习的目 ...
如何系统地学习linux? -
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RobertLeeJesus:
因为我有两台T61
我安装Solaris的全过程。
Installing Oracle 11g on Ubuntu Linux 8
I take this chapter from internet and install Oracle 11g in Ubuntu Linux 8.
One little issue is that Ubuntu is unsupported by Oracle. So, through this text, we will trick the Oracle installer into thinking it’s actually running on a Red Hat box.
Step Zero
This tutorial was based on a document which can be found here . I have adapted it for Oracle 11g.
Get a copy of Ubuntu 8 and install on a machine. I’m using the 32-bit version here (as well as for Oracle). Next, make sure your system is up-to-date. A simple apt-get update
followed by a apt-get upgrade
will do the trick, although you may prefer using the GUI Synaptic Package Manager — it’s entirely up to you what method you choose. However, I much prefer to use the command line.
As you go through updates, sometimes a reboot will be needed (usually to boot from a newer, recently-updated kernel). Sometimes it’ll just ask you to restart your web browser or some other program as a new version is installed.
It’s important to have a few gigabytes of free disk space and a total of 1 GB of memory before starting this. This 1 GB of memory can be RAM alone or the combination of RAM and swap space. Of course, since everything runs faster when in RAM, the more of it, the better.
Very important: get Java running before trying to move on. My guess is that almost any JRE (java runtime) or JDK (java development kit) will work. I’m not sure which is the minimum version required: I used Sun JDK 1.5.
Step One
Install some system requirements. There are a few packages that I had to install on this box (it was a recently installed system which didn’t have all these packages). After several attempts of installing Oracle, the equivalent command-line for installing all the necessary packages at once was something like this:
# sudo apt-get install gcc make binutils lesstif2 libc6 libc6-dev rpm libmotif3 libaio libstdc++5 gawk alien libg++2.8.1.3-glibc2.2 ksh gcc-3.3 g++-3.3 libstdc++5
It’s possible that when installing the packages mentioned above, the installer will install some other prerequisites as well, as these packages themselves may have prerequisites.
Note:
1. The update manager can't find libaio. Please install libaio1.
2. Then universal installer of Oracle 11g need glibc installed, acutally glibc is equivalent to the libc6. So just make libc6 work. And during installing Oracle 11g, check the checkbox before glibc checking item and get proceeded to install with ignoring the checking error.
3. Can't find libg++2.8.1.3-glibc2.2, ignore it.
4. I use the sudo apt-get install build-enssential , then ubuntu corruptted, so pay more attention on it.
Step Two
Choose where you are going to install your Oracle 11g server and create the ORACLE_BASE
directory. This is the place where Oracle will be installed. Make sure there is at least
3 GB on the partition/mount point before moving to the next step. After installed, my basic installation took about 3.4 GB on disk (without the starter database!). As your database grows, it will need more space. Reserve a total of at least 6 GB for the unpacked installer and the basic installation. You can get rid of the installer files afterwards.
# sudo mkdir -p /opt/oracle
Step Three
Add a few users and change groups to make the installer more comfortable. Remember, we are tricking the installer to think it’s installing on a Red Hat box.
# sudo addgroup oinstall
# sudo addgroup dba
# sudo addgroup nobody
# sudo useradd -g oinstall -G dba -p password -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -m oracle
# sudo usermod -g nobody nobody
The usermod
command is needed since because when running, the installer looks for a user called nobody
which is part of a group named nobody
(in Ubuntu, the user nobody
it’s assigned to nogroup
by default).
Step Four
Make some symlinks. Apparently, the installer uses absolute paths, so it must find the binaries in the right places.
# sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk #sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm # sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
Step Five
We need to mimic the /etc/rc.d
directory structure of a Red Hat box. We do this with more symlinks:
#sudo mkdir /etc/rc.d #sudo ln -s /etc/rc0.d /etc/rc.d/rc0.d #sudo ln -s /etc/rc1.d /etc/rc.d/rc1.d #sudo ln -s /etc/rc2.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d #sudo ln -s /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc.d/rc3.d #sudo ln -s /etc/rc4.d /etc/rc.d/rc4.d #sudo ln -s /etc/rc5.d /etc/rc.d/rc5.d #sudo ln -s /etc/rc6.d /etc/rc.d/rc6.d #sudo ln -s /etc/init.d /etc/rc.d/init.d
Step Six
I’ve created a file called /etc/redhat-release
and put only one line on it. The same can be achieved by issuing the following as root:
echo "Red Hat Linux release 4" > /etc/redhat-release
Note:
1.It doesn't work. Please do it in another way.
(1) sudo vi /etc/redhat-release
(2) Input Red Hat Linux release 4"
Step Seven
We tweak the system default limits on a few items. The shared-memory are specially important, since Oracle relies on shared memory for process communications. There is a file called /etc/sysctl.conf
and it should have these lines on it:
fs.file-max = 65535 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 1048576 net.core.rmem_max = 1048576 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 262144
Now that they are in a config file, these limits will be issued automatically at the next boot sequence. For now, we need to make the system re-read the config file:
# sysctl -p
Now, what do those parameters and values actually mean?
fs.file-max
sets the maximum number of open files that can be handled by the Linux kernel.kernel.shmall
determines the total amount of shared memory to be allocated in pages. In this example, I’ve set it to 8GB, which is way above the amount of memory I can handle in my box, even with swap.kernel.shmmax
controls the maximum amount of memory to be allocated for shared memory which in this example is 2GB.kernel.shmmni
defines the maximum number of segments system-wide.net.core.rmem_default
andnet.core.rmem_max
define the default and maximum read buffer queue for network operations (1 MB in this example)net.core.wmem_default
andnet.core.wmem_max
define the default and maximum write buffer queue for network operations (256 KB in this example)net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
tells the kernel the port ranges that will be used for outbound connections.kernel.sem
has four parameters:SEMMSL
- semaphores per arraySEMMNS
- max semaphores system-wide (SEMMNI*SEMMSL
)SEMOPM
- max operations per semop callSEMMNI
- max number of semaphore arrays
To check your current semaphores configuration, you can run cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem
or ipcs -ls
. On my machine, after the modifications on sysctl.conf
, these commands output:
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem 250 32000 100 128 # ipcs -ls ------ Semaphore Limits -------- max number of arrays = 128 max semaphores per array = 250 max semaphores system wide = 32000 max ops per semop call = 100 semaphore max value = 32767
(I really don’t know if these are enough or too much, but I’ll keep you posted.)
For a better understanding of these kernel-tweaking settings, I’d recommend these resources:
- schogini.us/wordpress/index.php/2005/11/01/setting-semaphores/
- performancewiki.com/linux-tuning.html
- pythian.com/blogs/245/the-mysterious-world-of-shmmax-and-shmall
Step Eight
Add these lines to /etc/security/limits.conf
, letting the oracle
user use more resources than the defaults allowed. You may notice that all these values are a power of 2 minus one. When soft limits are exceeded, you’ll get a warning; the hard limits can’t be exceeded in any situation: you’ll get an error. I’m not completely sure, but I think these limits apply to each session/login (and since Oracle doesn’t exactly log in to the machine, my best guess is these limits apply per instance running).
oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16383 oracle soft nofile 1023 oracle hard nofile 65535
Step Nine
Make sure the limits.conf
is being interpreted as the oracle
user logs in by adding these lines to /etc/pam.d/login
. You will want to make sure that is actually happening, since the defaults are way lower and you may get all sorts of problems.
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so
Step Ten
Unpack and prepare the installation.
# cd /path/to/zipfile # unzip linux_11gR1b5_database.zip
(And wait… wait a bit more… go get a cup of coffee…)
After your second cup of coffee, you should have a multi-gigabyte set of files; this is our installer.
# sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall database # sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
Step Eleven
1. Login as robert(administration),
export DISPLAY=:0.0
run xhost +
3. Login as oracle,
Before login, you maybe need activate the oracle user.
sudo usermod -U oracle
su oracle
export DISPLAY=127.0.0.1:0.0
Fire up the installer as the oracle
user itself.
This is what you will probably see on the output window:
# su - oracle $ cd /path/to/extracted/zip/file $ ./runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. Actual 58633 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2900 MB Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2007-07-11_04-38-56PM. Please wait ... Oracle Universal Installer, Version 11.1.0.2.0 Production Copyright (C) 1999, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. ulimit: 1: Illegal option -u ulimit: 1: Illegal option -u rpm: To install rpm packages on Debian systems, use alien. See README.Debian. error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - No such file or directory (2) error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm rpm: To install rpm packages on Debian systems, use alien. See README.Debian. error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - No such file or directory (2) error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
There are a few errors that can be safely ignored: the ulimit
and the RPM-related errors, since the limits don’t restrict the installer and since we actually don’t have a RPM database on the machine — we are running on Ubuntu, remember?
After a few moments, you will be prompted to choose where to install the Oracle server. You’ll notice that I asked the installer to not create a starter database — I did that later. Choose the Oracle Base and correct the group if needed. I personally recommend sticking with the defaults if you are a newbie like me.
As you press the Next button, you will be prompted where to install the Inventory — leave it that way unless you know what you are doing (if this were the case, you wouldn’t be reading this text anyways). Also correct the OS group name if needed and hit Next .
Since I’ve chosen to install the server in the same directory as the oracle
user’s HOME
directory, the installer will issue a warning. I simply ignored it and continued with the installation.
After that warning, I tried to perform some prerequisite tests, and yes — some will fail. Just mark the failed boxes and hit Next (after trying a few times to fix those issues, I’ve decided to call the installer’s bluff and… it worked!)
Note:
Ignore some filures and warnings by making the check box checked and click next.
After all this warning stuff, it’ll ask you to check the list of products to be installed. I was amazed when I read that 122 different products would be installed on my box. Hit Next .
Go get some coffee.
And some more coffee.
And even more coffee.
You may like to go to the washroom after so much time drinking coffee. Remember: I was installing on a 3 GHz machine with 1 GiB of RAM with SATA2 disks — this box is supposed be blazing fast.
At some point, it will ask you to run some commands as root
. Do that when it asks, since the install depends on a few modifications on the base system (like creating the /etc/oratab
file).
$ sudo -s
Password:
# /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /opt/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname of /opt/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete
# /opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
[: 185: ==: unexpected operator
[: 189: ==: unexpected operator
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
After these scripts finish their execution (the errors seem to be ignorable), hit the OK button and you’ll have a window that (probably) will look like this one:
Just hit OK to get out the installer. The basic installation is… not over yet.
To allow Oracle start on boot-up, create a file called oracledb
(or whatever name you want to call it) and put it in /etc/init.d
with the contents below. This script was copied and pasted from a tutorial by Graham Williams
. It will read the /etc/oratab
and fire up any instances it finds.
#!/bin/bash # # /etc/init.d/oracledb # # Run-level Startup script for the Oracle Instance, Listener, and Web Interface export ORACLE_HOME=opt/oracle/products/11.1.0/db_1 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin ORA_OWNR="oracle" # if the executables do not exist -- display error if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ] then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1 fi # depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart # of the instance and listener or usage display case "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup echo -n "Starting Oracle: " su $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su $ORA_OWNR -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart touch /var/lock/oracle su $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole" echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su $ORA_OWNR -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut rm -f /var/lock/oracle su $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1 esac exit 0
After saving the file, make it executable
# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/oracledb
and if you want, make it run at every boot:
# update-rc.d oracledb defaults 99 Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/oracledb ... /etc/rc0.d/K99oracledb -> ../init.d/oracledb /etc/rc1.d/K99oracledb -> ../init.d/oracledb /etc/rc6.d/K99oracledb -> ../init.d/oracledb /etc/rc2.d/S99oracledb -> ../init.d/oracledb /etc/rc3.d/S99oracledb -> ../init.d/oracledb /etc/rc4.d/S99oracledb -> ../init.d/oracledb /etc/rc5.d/S99oracledb -> ../init.d/oracledb
Before finishing, add the following lines to your /etc/profile
. Be careful, since these values are valid system-wide. So make sure the paths are set according to your particular setup (if you have been doing everything according to this text, you should be fine).
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:/optp/oracle/product/11.1.0/du01/appb_1/bin
Note:
Linux is case sensitive. So Oralce in linux is sensitve as well. Please use the orcl as the instance name as you specify orcl as the instance name during installation. Or esle it doesn't work. During installation, you set the user/password sys/admin as the lower case, you need to use the lower case when you login sqlplus.It is really case sensitive in Linux.
Last operation: add yourself to the dba
group. You can use usermod
or just edit the /etc/groups
file and add your username at the end of the line that starts with dba
(my username is ‘robert’):
dba:x:1002:oracle,robert
If you chose to not create a starter database during your install, you’ll have to do two extra steps. You should create a listener (with netca
) and after that, create the starter database (also with netca
). If you chose to have the installer create a database for you, then you should be fine, since when doing that, it asks for a password for the default accounts (SYS
, SYSTEM
, and DBSNMP
, SYSMAN
if you choose to install it with the enterprise manager option selected).
If everything has gone well, open a terminal window and, as the oracle
user, type:
$ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.5.0 - Beta on Wed Jul 11 17:11:53 2007 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name:
If you see these messages (and I sincerely hope you do) you’re all set! That means that you have finished a quite long install of Oracle 11g and you are ready to begin destroying it, just as I plan to as I take my first steps with Oracle. Some might say that going from Oracle to MySQL would make for an easier transition — I really don’t know, but I will post further entries on my experiences as I go.
Anyway, I would greatly appreciate your feedback, especially if we can improve this tutorial so that more people can benefit from it.
Step Twelve
After installation, the oracle services are not started automatically. So you need start it manually.
1. Please use oracle user to login for all of the operations.
2. Please make sure you export ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID.
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
Note: pease use orcl(lower case) as the instace name here.
3. Start lisnter - lstnctl start
4. Start db.
(1) When you are connecting to network. Please use the IP address to connect the sqlplus.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.182.105.13)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
(2). When you are not connecting to network. Please use the localhost alias to connect the sqlplus.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
If something's wrong with the sqlplus login, please try to use the following host address,
1. Real IP address.
2. Network computer name(with or without DNS suffix)
3. localhost
4. 127.0.0.1
5. 127.0.1.1
You can change the mapping in file /etc/hosts
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus sys/admin as sysdba
sql> startup
Note,
When you startup a instance by command startup in sqlplus first time, by default, oracle can't find the right parameter file. It throws errors. It says
/opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/ initORCL.ora can't be found.
So please cp /opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora to /opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/ initORCL.ora , so that the startup command can find it and start successfully.
5. emctl start
6. Login with https://10.182.105.13:1158/em/console/aboutApplication, if firefox thinks the certificate is not quilified, please add an excepiton for this site. Because it is useing SSL to connect to EM.
评论
Add some environment variants in ~/.bashrc
#Oracle Related
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_ORA=/opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/network/admin
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin
The startup can be so simple like this,
1. Login with robert user.
2. lsnrctl start
3. sqlplus / as sysdba
sql> startup
The shutdown is like this,
1. Login with robert user.
2. sqlplus /as sysdba
sql> shutdown immediate
3. lsnrctl stop
发表评论
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PL/SQL三种集合类型的比较
2009-07-12 13:19 1310PL/SQL三种集合类型的比较 集合是指在 ... -
View object source
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2009-05-08 13:43 771CREATE SEQUENCE DEMO.S_CUST_ID ... -
impdp
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spfile and pfile
2009-04-20 13:15 740spfile and pfile -
exp/imp
2009-02-25 00:17 939exp 将数据库内的各对象以二进制方式下载成dmp文件 ... -
Oracle Db Knowledge
2009-02-22 00:25 787See Attachment! -
Install Oracle Db in Windows XP
2009-02-22 00:22 748See attachment! -
怎么控制oracle optimizer是用CBO还是RBO?
2008-09-24 13:06 12261. 第一个级别,spfile里的optimizer_m ... -
How to get the oracle server version?
2008-08-26 17:41 996select version FROM produ ... -
Oracle products and document
2008-08-02 16:14 768http://www.oracle.com/technolog ... -
Install Oracle 10g in Solaris 10
2008-07-25 22:35 1714Steps 1. 修改内 ... -
Install Oracle XE in Debian
2008-07-25 22:34 1530Steps Change the file ... -
Today, I found Oracle DB's username and password
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在Linux系统上搭建Java、MySQL和Tomcat的Web运行环境是一项关键的任务,这对于开发者和运维人员来说至关重要。本文将详细讲解这一过程,帮助你构建一个完整的服务器环境。 首先,我们来了解一下Java Development ...
或者,你可以访问Oracle官网下载适用于Linux的JDK,然后按照提供的指南进行安装。 **4. 安装Tomcat** Apache Tomcat是Java Servlet和JavaServer Pages的开源Web应用服务器。在Linux上,可以使用包管理器或手动下载...
在Linux上,JDK可以通过官方的Oracle JDK或者开源的OpenJDK进行安装。使用`apt-get install default-jdk`(Ubuntu/Debian)或`yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk`(CentOS/RHEL)命令可以快速安装。安装后,需要设置`...
- 解压JDK文件:`tar -zxvf jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz` - 添加环境变量:编辑`/etc/profile`文件,并添加以下内容: ```bash export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_161/ export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH...
1. **安装MySQL**:使用Linux包管理器如`apt-get`(Ubuntu/Debian)或`yum`(CentOS/RHEL)进行安装。 2. **配置MySQL**:编辑`my.cnf`配置文件,设定root用户密码等。 3. **启动MySQL**:运行`service mysql start`...
ODBC是一种标准的应用程序编程接口(API),它允许应用程序通过统一的方式访问多种不同的数据库系统,如MySQL、SQL Server、Oracle等。在Ubuntu环境下,为QT5安装并配置ODBC驱动,对于开发跨平台的数据库应用至关...
在Linux环境下安装和配置MySQL是一项基础且重要的任务,尤其对于那些需要在服务器上搭建Web应用或数据存储解决方案的用户。MySQL是一种流行的关系型数据库管理系统(RDBMS),它以其高效、稳定和开源特性赢得了广大...
在Linux系统中,MySQL是一个广泛使用的开源关系型数据库管理系统,其稳定性和性能备受开发者青睐。本文将深入探讨在Linux环境下安装和配置MySQL的基础知识,帮助初学者快速上手。 一、MySQL简介 MySQL是一个基于SQL...
如果你还没有安装,可以从Oracle官方网站下载JDK,并通过Linux的包管理器(如apt或yum)安装Eclipse。 接下来,安装GTK+和Java绑定的GTK库。在Ubuntu或Debian系统上,可以运行以下命令: ```bash sudo apt-get ...