Professional Android 2 Development - 6
第一章 Hello, Android
WHAT ’ S IN THIS CHAPTER?
➤ A background to mobile application development
➤ What Android is (and what it isn ’ t)
➤ An introduction to the Android SDK features
➤ What devices Android runs on
➤ Why develop for mobile and Android?
➤ An introduction to the SDK and the Android development framework
本章内容:
- 移动应用开发背景
- Android是与不是
- 介绍Android SDK特性
- Android运行在什么设备上
- 为什么为手机和Android开发?
- 介绍SDK和Android开发框架
Whether you’re an experienced mobile engineer, a desktop or web developer, or a complete
programming novice , Android represents an exciting new opportunity to write innovative applications for mobile devices.
无论你是否是一个老练的手机工程师,一个桌面或Web程序员,或一个彻底的编程菜鸟,Android代表的是一个激动人心的为手机设备开发新应用的崭新机会。
Despite the name, Android will not help you create an unstoppable army of emotionless robot
warriors on a relentless quest to cleanse the earth of the scourge of humanity.
别管这个名字,Android不会帮你创造一直永不停息的没有感情的机器人战士军队来无情地消灭地球上的人类。
Instead, Android is an open-source software stack that includes the operating system, middleware, and key mobile applications along with a set of API libraries for writing mobile applications that can shape the look, feel, and function of mobile handsets.
相反,Android是一个开源软件包括了操作系统,中间件和关键的手机应用及一组用于开发视觉、感官和功能都符合手机硬件的手机应用移动的API库。
Small, stylish , and versatile , modern mobile devices have become powerful tools that incorporate cameras, media players, GPS systems, and touchscreens. As technology has evolved , mobile phones have become about more than simply making calls, but their software and development platforms have struggled to keep pace .
小巧,时髦,功能种多,现代手机设备变为强大的工具,吸纳了照相机,多媒体,GSP 系统和触摸屏。随着技术的发展,手机变得不仅仅能打电话,但是他们的软件和开发平台的努力依旧缓步不前。
Until recently, mobile phones were largely closed environments built on highly fragmented, proprietary operating systems that required proprietary development tools.
直到最近,手机厂商很大程度上封闭地构造在高度分裂的环境上,操作系统和开发工具都是私有的。
The phones themselves often prioritized native applications over those written by third parties. This has introduced an artificial barrier for developers hoping to build on increasingly powerful mobile hardware.
手机厂商自己经常优先照顾自己的应用而非第三方应用。这种行为对开发者希望在手机硬件上构造强大的应用造成了一种人为的障碍。
In Android, native and third-party applications are written with the same APIs and executed on the same run time. These APIs feature hardware sensor access, video recording, location-based services, support for background services, map-based activities, relational databases, inter-application communication, and 2D and 3D graphics.
在Android中,本地和第三方应用都是用相同的API开发在相同时间被执行。这些API以访问传感器硬件、视频记录、本地定位服务、支持后台服务、基于地图的Activity、关系数据库、应用互通信、2D和3D图形为特色。
Using this book, you will learn how to use these APIs to create your own Android applications. In this chapter you’ll learn some mobile development guidelines and be introduced to the features available from the Android development platform.
使用本书,你将学习如何用这些API来创建你自己的Android应用。本章你将学习一些手机开发的指导方针 并 介绍Android开发平台的特征。
Android has powerful APIs, excellent documentation, a thriving developer community, and no development or distribution costs. As mobile devices continue to increase in popularity , this is an exciting opportunity to create innovative mobile phone applications no matter what your development experience.
Android有强大的API,卓越的文档,一个人气兴旺的开发者社区和免费的开发或发布环境。如果移动设备继续普及流行,无论你是否有开发经验都将是一个令人兴奋的开发新型手机应用的机会。
A LITTLE BACKGROUND
一个小背景
In the days before Twitter and Facebook, when Google was still a twinkle in its founders’ eyes and dinosaurs roamed the earth, mobile phones were just that — portable phones small enough to fit inside a briefcase , featuring batteries that could last up to several hours. They did however offer the freedom to make calls without being physically connected to a landline .
在Twitter和Fackbook之前,当谷歌仍然还在创始人的酝酿之中好比恐龙还漫步在地球上,手机还只是小得足够放在公文包里,特性电池最多用几个小时。可还是提供了不需要连接到通讯线路就能打电话的自由。
Increasingly small, stylish, and powerful mobile phones are now as ubiquitous as they are indispensable . Hardware advancements have made mobiles smaller and more efficient while including an increasing number of peripherals.
日益增长的小巧、时髦并功能强大的手机现在因其乃不可缺少之物而已无所不在。硬件的发展使得手机越来越小,加上了更多外围设备后也变得越发有用。
After first getting cameras and media players, mobiles now include GPS systems, accelerometers, and touch screens. While these hardware innovations should prove fertile ground for software development, the applications available for mobile phones have generally lagged behind the hardware.
在最早配备了照相机和多媒体后,手机现在加入了GPS系统,加速器和触摸屏。当这些新型的硬件能提供多样的软件开发的基础,有效的应用程序通常都可以支持底层的硬件。
The Not-So-Distant Past
不远的过去
Historically , developers, generally coding in low-level C or C++, have needed to understand the specific hardware they were coding for, generally a single device or possibly a range of devices from a single manufacturer . As hardware technology and mobile Internet access has advanced, this closed approach has become outmoded .
历史上,开发者,通常用底层的C或者C++开发,必须对他们理解面对的硬件,通常一个设备或可能是一个厂商的系列硬件。当硬件技术和手机访问因特网提速,这一切都过时了。
More recently, platforms like Symbian have been created to provide developers with a wider target audience.These systems have proven more successful in encouraging mobile d evelopers to provide rich applications that better leverage the hardware available.
最近,很多像Symbian这样的平台开始提供开发者一个宽广的目标客户。这些系统证明了通过更好的可用的硬件来提供富应用以激励手机开发者是成功的。
These platforms offer some access to the device hardware, but require the developer to write complex C/C++ code and make heavy use of proprietary APIs that are notoriously difficult to work with. This difficulty is amplif ied for applications that must work on different hardware implementations and those that make use of a particular hardware feature, like GPS.
这些平台提供了一些访问硬件设备的渠道,丹需要开发者编写复杂的C/C++代码并大量使用众所周知难以驾驭的厂商的API。这些困难增加了应用程序运行在不同硬件上实现的难度,且要用到硬件的特性,比如GPS。
In more recent years, the biggest advance in mobile phone development was the introduction of Java hosted MIDlets.
更近几年,手机开发最大的提升是Java宿主下的 MIDlet 的引入。
MIDlets are executed on a Java virtual machine, a process that abstracts the underlying
hardware and lets developers create applications that run on the wide variety of devices that supports the Java run time. Unfortunately , this convenience comes at the price of restricted access to the device hardware.
MIDlet 在一个Java虚拟机( 一个抽象了底层硬件的进程 )上 执行 ,让开发者创建运行在广泛不同设备上的支持JRE的应用程序。不过,这样便于访问到受限制的硬件设备。
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Professional Android 2 Development - 9
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