(5)SpringMVC-http请求处理路线

核心架构的具体流程步骤如下：

1、 首先用户发送请求——>DispatcherServlet，前端控制器收到请求后自己不进行处理，而是委托给其他的解析器进行处理，作为统一访问点，进行全局的流程控制；

2、 DispatcherServlet——>HandlerMapping， HandlerMapping将会把请求映射为HandlerExecutionChain对象（包含一个Handler处理器（页面控制器）对象、多个HandlerInterceptor拦截器）对象，通过这种策略模式，很容易添加新的映射策略；

3、 DispatcherServlet——>HandlerAdapter，HandlerAdapter将会把处理器包装为适配器，从而支持多种类型的处理器，即适配器设计模式的应用，从而很容易支持很多类型的处理器；

4、 HandlerAdapter——>处理器功能处理方法的调用，HandlerAdapter将会根据适配的结果调用真正的处理器的功能处理方法，完成功能处理；并返回一个ModelAndView对象（包含模型数据、逻辑视图名）；

5、 ModelAndView的逻辑视图名——> ViewResolver， ViewResolver将把逻辑视图名解析为具体的View，通过这种策略模式，很容易更换其他视图技术；

6、 View——>渲染，View会根据传进来的Model模型数据进行渲染，此处的Model实际是一个Map数据结构，因此很容易支持其他视图技术；

7、返回控制权给DispatcherServlet，由DispatcherServlet返回响应给用户，到此一个流程结束。

 

用我的话来概括如下：

    由HandlerMapping得到HandlerExecutionChain(其包含Object handler,interceptors)，handler就是Controller实例，接着由handler得到HandlerAdapter(ha)，最后由ha.handle(..)得到ModelAndView。注意，在执行目标方法之前，会升序调用interceptors，之后又会倒序调用interceptors。那么，HandlerAdapter是个什么东西呢，我在DispatcherServlet.properties里可以看到默认配了3种adapter，其实还有一种adapter没加进配置文件，如果你了解springmvc的发展史和解决mvc的思路，你就会明白为什么有多种实现方式了。最初springmvc采用的是实现Controller接口的方式，javase 1.5开始，springmvc采用了更方便的注解方式来标明Controller类，这两种方式对应的adapter分别是SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter，所以我们可以重点关注AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter。

下面来好好谈谈DispatcherServlet的部分代码

    我们注意到该类中定义了一些well-known常量，呵呵，众所周知的常量

 

	public static final String MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "multipartResolver";

	public static final String LOCALE_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "localeResolver";

	public static final String THEME_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "themeResolver";

	/**
	 * Well-known name for the HandlerMapping object in the bean factory for this namespace.
	 * Only used when "detectAllHandlerMappings" is turned off.
	 * @see #setDetectAllHandlerMappings
	 */
	public static final String HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME = "handlerMapping";

	public static final String HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerAdapter";

	public static final String HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerExceptionResolver";

	public static final String REQUEST_TO_VIEW_NAME_TRANSLATOR_BEAN_NAME = "viewNameTranslator";

	public static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "viewResolver";

	public static final String FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "flashMapManager";

	private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "DispatcherServlet.properties";

 我们在配置文件中给相关组件bean命名时，可以保持和只写常量值一致，毕竟别人的命名是相当标准的，不过，这从逻辑上不是必须的，你甚至可以不声明bean的id，因为该类提供了如下变量

/** Detect all HandlerMappings or just expect "handlerMapping" bean? */
	private boolean detectAllHandlerMappings = true;

	/** Detect all HandlerAdapters or just expect "handlerAdapter" bean? */
	private boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters = true;

	/** Detect all HandlerExceptionResolvers or just expect "handlerExceptionResolver" bean? */
	private boolean detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers = true;

	/** Detect all ViewResolvers or just expect "viewResolver" bean? */
	private boolean detectAllViewResolvers = true;

	/** Perform cleanup of request attributes after include request? */
	private boolean cleanupAfterInclude = true;

	/** MultipartResolver used by this servlet */
	private MultipartResolver multipartResolver;

	/** LocaleResolver used by this servlet */
	private LocaleResolver localeResolver;

	/** ThemeResolver used by this servlet */
	private ThemeResolver themeResolver;

	/** List of HandlerMappings used by this servlet */
	private List<HandlerMapping> handlerMappings;

	/** List of HandlerAdapters used by this servlet */
	private List<HandlerAdapter> handlerAdapters;

	/** List of HandlerExceptionResolvers used by this servlet */
	private List<HandlerExceptionResolver> handlerExceptionResolvers;

	/** RequestToViewNameTranslator used by this servlet */
	private RequestToViewNameTranslator viewNameTranslator;

	/** FlashMapManager used by this servlet */
	private FlashMapManager flashMapManager;

	/** List of ViewResolvers used by this servlet */
	private List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;

初始化方法中，执行了组件的初始化

 

	protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
		initMultipartResolver(context);
		initLocaleResolver(context);
		initThemeResolver(context);
		initHandlerMappings(context);
		initHandlerAdapters(context);
		initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
		initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
		initViewResolvers(context);
		initFlashMapManager(context);
	}

 我们拿出initHandlerMappings(context)来瞅瞅

 

/**
	 * Initialize the HandlerMappings used by this class.
	 * <p>If no HandlerMapping beans are defined in the BeanFactory for this namespace,
	 * we default to BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping.
	 */
	private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
		this.handlerMappings = null;

		if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
			// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
			Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
					BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
			if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
				this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<HandlerMapping>(matchingBeans.values());
				// We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
				OrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
			}
		}
		else {
			try {
				HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
				this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
			}
			catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
				// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
			}
		}

		// Ensure we have at least one HandlerMapping, by registering
		// a default HandlerMapping if no other mappings are found.
		if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
			this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("No HandlerMappings found in servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default");
			}
		}
	}

 通过该方法我们可以知道，当detectAllHandlerMappings为true时，直接到mvc容器及其父容器中寻找所有类型为HandlerMapping的bean，而detectAllHandlerMappings默认恰为true，因此我们完全可以不声明bean的id。当detectAllHandlerMappings为false时(可通过在web.xml里配置servlet参数来改变默认值)，则在mvc容器寻找名为"handlerMapping"的bean。如以上两种情况都没找到bean，将会实例化DispatcherServlet.properties中配置的bean。

    doService方法里有这么一段

 

// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
		// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
		Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
		if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
			attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<String, Object>();
			Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
			while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
				String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
				if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith("org.springframework.web.servlet")) {
					attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
				}
			}
		}

 这是用于对页面有include的情况做的请求数据快照处理。

下面进入重点doDispatch方法

 

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

		try {
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
			// multipart包装处理，我们常用CommonsMultipartResolver
                                processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				multipartRequestParsed = processedRequest != request;

				// Determine handler for the current request.
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest, false);
				if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) { // 404
					noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
					return;
				}

				// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

				// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.  // 代码省略
				
                                // 调用目标方法前，顺序执行拦截器
				if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
					return;
				}

				try {
					// Actually invoke the handler.
					mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
				}
				finally {
					if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
						return;
					}
				}

				applyDefaultViewName(request, mv);
				// 调用目标方法后逆序执行拦截器
                                mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				dispatchException = ex;
			}
			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
		}
		catch (Error err) {
			triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err);
		}
		finally {
			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
				mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
				return;
			}
			// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
			if (multipartRequestParsed) {
				cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
			}
		}
	}

 

HandlerExecutionChain 

boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		if (getInterceptors() != null) {
			for (int i = 0; i < getInterceptors().length; i++) {
				HandlerInterceptor interceptor = getInterceptors()[i];
				if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
					triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
					return false;
				}
				this.interceptorIndex = i;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Apply postHandle methods of registered interceptors.
	 */
	void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ModelAndView mv) throws Exception {
		if (getInterceptors() == null) {
			return;
		}
		for (int i = getInterceptors().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
			HandlerInterceptor interceptor = getInterceptors()[i];
			interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Trigger afterCompletion callbacks on the mapped HandlerInterceptors.
	 * Will just invoke afterCompletion for all interceptors whose preHandle invocation
	 * has successfully completed and returned true.
	 */
	void triggerAfterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Exception ex)
			throws Exception {

		if (getInterceptors() == null) {
			return;
		}
		for (int i = this.interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
			HandlerInterceptor interceptor = getInterceptors()[i];
			try {
				interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, this.handler, ex);
			}
			catch (Throwable ex2) {
				logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);
			}
		}
	}

 

HandlerInterceptor

public interface HandlerInterceptor {

	boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
	    throws Exception;

	void postHandle(
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
			throws Exception;

	void afterCompletion(
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
			throws Exception;

}

 

 自定义

public class ExceptionHandler implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
        request.setAttribute("exception",ex.getMessage());
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
        mav.setViewName("/error");
        return mav;
    }
}