linux下：apache2.2.27 + tomcat7.0 + openssl-1.0.1g（集群+session共享|摘要认证|HTTPS）

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前序：网上有很多资料都介绍了apache httpd + tomcat + openssl--集群、session共享与ssl的配置，作为一个入门新手，根本不懂得如何配置，才能达到以上目的；幸好网上资料较多，经过几天的努力终于配置成功，其中遇到的错误主要是linux虚拟机ip地址有问题与未安装C编译器GCC与Zlib软件，还有一个是JAP地址配置成了我们常用的8080地址-_-，少说废话，开始总结这份经验吧。

1.环境准备：

linux虚拟机两个【一个也行，这是为了更好的测试】
JDK1.7左右
tomcat7.0两个以上：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi下载如图所示：

httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi下载如图所示：

openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz：http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz

2.错误集中地，你最好看到错误之后返回这里：

ERROR1安装gcc：【yum install gcc】在服务器任意地方直接copy这段语句运行（它会问你y/N,回答它y）。

错误为：configure: error: in `/root/httpd-2.2.27/srclib/apr':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
configure failed for srclib/apr

ERROR2安装zlib：【yum install zlib-devel -y】在服务器任意地方直接copy这段语句运行。

错误为：checking for zlib location... not found

3.首先安装apache httpd，你需要按照如下方式进行（配置有可能出ERROR1与ERROR2，解决这两个错误之后请重新把配置语句执行一遍）：

使用root用户（最好是root）上传：httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz
解压：tar -xvf httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz
①配置：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-modules=so --enable-mods-shared=all --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-connect --enable-proxy-ftp --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer --enable-rewrite
制作：make
安装：make install
Over，安装完成。

4.配置你的两个tomcat：
[list]

tomcat_A，配置server.xml（${tomcatHome}/conf/server.xml），我的配置是：

<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="500" minSpareThreads="20" maxIdleTime="60000"/>

    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" acceptCount="256"/>
    
    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the
         connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration
         described in the APR documentation -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
               maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat_A">  
    <!-- <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> -->

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8">
        <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
                        notifyListenersOnReplication="true" />
        <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel" >
            <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime = "3000"/>
            <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4000" autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="5000" maxThreads = "6" />
            <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter" >
                <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender" />
            </Sender>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector" />
            <Interceptor  className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor" />
        </Channel>
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter="" />
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve" />
        <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
                  watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled = "false"/>
        <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener" />
        <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener" />
      </Cluster>

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

以上server.xml中，请重点关注以下两点：
⑴<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat_A">
把jvmRoute改成你想象中的名字
⑵Cluster加上这个节点中的所有内容，address="auto"这个默认会读取你的本机IP地址，如果你的机器IP地址设置有问题，你可以自己手动修改成本机地址，如address="192.168.0.27"。

tomcat_B，配置server.xml（${tomcatHome}/conf/server.xml），我的配置是：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="500" minSpareThreads="20" maxIdleTime="60000"/>

    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" acceptCount="256"/>
    
    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the
         connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration
         described in the APR documentation -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
               maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat_B">
    
    <!-- <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> -->

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8">
        <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
                        notifyListenersOnReplication="true" />
        <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel" >
            <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime = "3000"/>
            <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4000" autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="5000" maxThreads = "6" />
            <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter" >
                <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender" />
            </Sender>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector" />
            <Interceptor  className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor" />
        </Channel>
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter="" />
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve" />
        <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
                  watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled = "false"/>
        <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener" />
        <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener" />
      </Cluster>

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

以上配置，基本与tomcat_A一样，只是Engine节点的jvmRoute属性为：tomcat_B。

好了，两个tomcat已经配置完成，如果你的两个tomcat在同一台机器上面，你得修改任意一个tomcat的所有端口号，以免端口冲突。

[/list]

5.配置apache httpd：

配置httpd.conf文件(usr/local/apache2/conf)，我的配置内容为：

6.配置httpd-vhosts.conf(/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra)：
#
# Virtual Hosts
#
# If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your
# machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations
# use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about
# IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below.
#
# Please see the documentation at
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/>
# for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts.
#
# You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host
# configuration.

#
# Use name-based virtual hosting.
#
NameVirtualHost *:8000

#
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#
<VirtualHost *:8000>
    ServerAdmin you@example.com
    ServerName 192.168.0.27
    ServerAlias 192.168.0.27
    ProxyPass / balancer://myCluster/ lbmethod=byrequests stickysession=JSESSIONID nofailover=Off
    ProxyPassReverse / balancer://myCluster/
    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.sm.com-error.log"
    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.sm.com-access.log" common
</VirtualHost>

我去掉了原有的配置，加上我新的配置，其中stickysession=JSESSIONID为一种session共享机制，关于这种机制，你可以去网上搜索了解。

6.按照以上配置你就已经完成：集群与session共享配置，如果你需要加上摘要认证，就看看下面配置。

7.给apache进行摘要认证，其实只需简单的两步即可：

创建一个认证用户文件，进入apache2/bin，运行【./htdigest -c /usr/local/apache/conf/authuser/user.pwd "thinknet" thinknet】其中user.pwd表达认证用户文件、"thinknet"为AuthName、thinknet为用户名；Enter之后系统会提示你输入新密码与确认密码。
在conf/httpd.conf文件中新增这节点：

http://lsz1023-126-com.iteye.com/blog/2072066

http://lsz1023-126-com.iteye.com/admin/blogs/2072066