Installing Oracle 11gR2 on Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop

本文主要参考 http://www.gizmojunkee.com/2012/05/installing-oracle-11gr2-on-ubuntu-12-04/ ，对文中一些步骤做了一些修正，并补充我遇到的新问题。

 

This howto should guide you though the installation of an Oracle Database 11g Release 2 on Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop. Ubuntu is not officially supported by Oracle so there will be a few tweaks to achieve a working solution. I hope this might help you if you aim for a similar task.

 

Before we start with this Chapter I assume you have a clean Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop up and running.
 
1. Download Oracle
First download the full Version of Oracle 11gR2 for linux OS from the Oracle side. Save the 2 files somewhere on your local PC. We will transfer them later to the VM.
 
2. Prepare the System
We have to install a few required packages for Oracle. Best way to install those is to use the standard
debian package manager. As I have installed Ubuntu on my Server and work primary on my MacBook Air
I will open a Terminal session and SSH into the Server as root. You can of course also just enter the
commands direct into the VM’s terminal to install the following packages:

 

 

$sudo -i
#apt-get install alien binutils build-essential libaio1 libaio-dev unixODBC unixODBC-dev expat sysstat libelf-dev elfutils pdksh ia32-libs unzip libstdc++5 libstdc++6 cpp-4.4 g++-4.4 gawk ksh lesstif2 lib32bz2-dev lib32z1-dev libbeecrypt7 libdb4.8 libmotif4 libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386 libqt4-core libqt4-gui lsb lsb-cxx lsb-qt4

 
 
3. Pre-Checks
Check your /etc/hostname that it looks like below:

    localhost.localdomain

 

And also check that in /etc/hosts the below line is present:

    127.0.0.1        localhost.localdomain    localhost
 
4. Configure Memory Settings
For the installation we need a minimum of 1GB physical memory which we define when we setup the
Virtual Machine earlier, else you can check it with the following command:

   

grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

 

 

Because the Oracle installation is demanding in resources we create some temp swap-space that will
disappear after a reboot. Bare that in mind, if you reboot the Server before completing the Oracle
installation you have to redo the below steps.
Check your current swap-space with this command:

   

grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

 
Now let’s create a temporary swap file for the installation.

dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swap bs=1M count=4096
chmod 600 /tmp/swap
mkswap /tmp/swap
swapon /tmp/swap

 

Execute the command again to confirm the added swap-space

grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

 

Shared Memory is also important for Oracle, else you might face some ORA-00845 error messages.
Check your current Shared Memory with this command:

df -kh /dev/shm/

 
If you have less than 512MB edit /etc/fstab and add (either 1024M or 1512M) I am adding here 1.5GB
by adding the following line:

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=1512M 0    0

 
After remount and check the new size once again:

mount -o remount /dev/shm
df -kh /dev/shm/

 
 
5. System Group and Users
remember we did not create any Users with our Ubuntu installation so lets do that now

addgroup --system oinstall
addgroup --system dba
useradd -r -g oinstall -G dba -m -s /bin/bash -d /var/lib/oracle oracle
passwd oracle

 
 
6. Configure Kernel
Oracle requires additional kernel parameters, you either create a new kernel parameter file or add it to
the existing system kernel. I choose to add them to the existing system file. So lets make first a backup
Backup the original system file /etc/sysctl.conf by executing:

cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.original

 
Execute the following command to simply paste in the parameters:

cat - >> /etc/sysctl.conf

 
Now cut and paste the following

# Oracle 11gR2 kernel parameters
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmax=2147483648

 
then press Ctrl-d to write the file
Note:
kernel.shmmax = max possible value, e.g. size of physical RAM.
Verify the above with:

cat /etc/sysctl.conf

 
and load the new Kernel parameter with the following command:

sysctl -p

 
Verify the new kernel settings:

sysctl -q fs.aio-max-nr

 
that should return — fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
Before we now set the Oracle limits lets backup the original file:

cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.original

 
Next add the following limits to /etc/security/limits.conf:

cat - >> /etc/security/limits.conf

 
cut and paste the following and then write to the file with Ctrl-d

#Oracle 11gR2 shell limits
oracle soft nproc 2048
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

 
Check/add if the following line exits within /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

 
Check if the following line exits within /etc/pam.d/su

session required pam_limits.so

 
 
7. Create Oracle directories
It’s time to create some directories for Oracle and set the permissions.

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u02/oradata
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01 /u02

 
 
8. Configuring the oracle user’s environment
Add following lines to /var/lib/oracle/.profile
We are creating here a AL32UTF8 database, so change this to US7ASCII if you want to create and
ASCII database. This will also map Oracle’s /bin to your $PATH to run Oracle’s binary directly at login:

# for Oracle User
if [ "$USER" = oracle ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export NLS_LANG=.AL32UTF8
unset TNS_ADMIN
if [ -d "$ORACLE_HOME/bin" ]; then
    PATH="$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

 
 
9. Fake Oracle installer
As mentioned before , Ubuntu is not listed as Oracle officially support platform and so we need
to fake it by creating symbolic links:

mkdir /usr/lib64
ln -s /etc /etc/rc.d
ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /usr/lib64/
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/

 
Mask ourself as RedHat:

echo 'Red Hat Linux release 5' > /etc/redhat-release

 
 
10. Copy the Oracle installation files to the Server
We discussed in the pre-post PuTTY, so we going to use that now to copy the files over to the Server.
Copy the file 2 files (linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip to oracle’s home directory and unzip them

cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /var/lib/oracle
cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /var/lib/oracle
cd /var/lib/oracle
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
chown -Rf oracle:oinstall /var/lib/oracle/

 
In case that cp don’t work use the scp command that comes with PuTTY to copy the files over.

scp linux.x64* oracle@ip_address:/var/lib/oracle

 
 
11. Starting Oracle Installer
Before we can do that we have to export the Display on our Ubuntu Server as root.
Go to your Ubuntu VM and login as root if not already and execute the following commands:

DISPLAY=:0.0
export DISPLAY

 
Next go back to PuTTY session and login to the Server as oracle (su – oracle if you are already as root).
No change to the database directory and start the installer with the following command:

cd /var/lib/oracle/database && ./runInstaller

 
 
At the first screen of the Oracle Installer you can add your support Account if you have one, In case
you don’t just leave it empty and remove the default tick box for the email.

 
At the next tab [Select Installation Option] – choose the first setting Create and configure a database:

 

 

In [System Class] – choose Server Class:

 
 
 
 
In [Node Selection] – choose the option Single instance database installation:

 
In [Select Install Type] – choose Advanced install:


 
In [Select Product Languages] – choose to install at your demand I select all available languages:


 
 
In [Select Database Edition] – choose Enterprise Edition:

 
 
In [Specify Installation Location] – the default settings should be as below:
Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle
Sofeware Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

 
In [Create Inventory] –  it should default as below:
Inventory Directory: /u01/app/oraInventory
oraInventory Group Name: oinstall

 
In [Select Configure Type] – choose General Purpose / Transaction Processing:


 
 
In [Specify Database Identifiers] – configure as below:
Global database name: AL32UTF8.localdomain
Oracle Service Identifier (SID): AL32UTF8

 
 
In [Specify Configuration Options] – configure as below:
Memory -> Enable Automatic Memory Management: TRUE
Character sets: Use Unicode (AL32UTF8)

 

In [Specify Management Options] – choose Use Database Control for database management
and leave the rest as default:

 
 

In [Specify Database Storage Options] – choose File System where:
Specify database file location: /u01/app/oracle/oradata
 
 
 
In [Specify Recovery Options] – choose Do not enable automated backups:

 
 
In [Specify Schema Passwords] – choose to your passwords and write them down:

 
In [Privileged Operating System Groups] – confirm as below:
Database Administrator (OSDBA) Group: dba
Database Operator (OSOPER) Group: oinstall

 
In [Preform Prerequisite Checks] –  just simply ignore all warning message
(since we are using Debian but not Oracle officially supported OS):

 
 
So just confirm everything in Summary:
 
 
And now let’s go for a coffee/tee break – you deserve it

 
Special note for Ubuntu 12.04: If you face error during installation so update as below:

 
When you see the above error, open a new session to the Server and execute the below commands:

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
sed -i 's/^(s*$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL))s*$/1 -lnnz11/g' $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
sed -i 's/^($LD $LD_RUNTIME) ($LD_OPT)/1 -Wl,--no-as-needed 2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genorasdksh
sed -i 's/^(s*)($(OCRLIBS_DEFAULT))/1 -Wl,--no-as-needed 2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/srvm/lib/ins_srvm.mk
sed -i 's/^(TNSLSNR_LINKLINE.*$(TNSLSNR_OFILES)) ($(LINKTTLIBS))/1 -Wl,--no-as-needed 2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib/env_network.mk
sed -i 's/^(ORACLE_LINKLINE.*$(ORACLE_LINKER)) ($(PL_FLAGS))/1 -Wl,--no-as-needed 2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk

 
Then press Retry and keep going …

 

Another error you may encounter is: genclntsh: Failed to link libclntsh.so.11.1 in make file for rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk
beacause of missing library: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a inside
we need to create a symlink for /usr/lib64:

 

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib64

 

Yet another error is: lib//libagtsh.so: undefined reference to `nnfyboot' in make: rdbms/lib/dg4odbc] Error 1

sudo ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm 
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename 

 

The last error I encountered is: # /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1: File or directory does not exists, while creating lib/liborasdkbase.so.11.1 in ins_rdbms.mk, execute the command:

cd /lib64
sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 .

 

 
 
Now following the instructions and run the following commands with root user:
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

 
 
Confirm with installation progress

 
In previous screen the installer mentioned that we can access Enterprise Manager Database Control URL
from https://localhost.localdomain:1158/em, so now let’s open the browser and test it with following account:

User Name: SYS
Password: your_secret_password
Connect As: SYSDBA

 
Once login it should show Oracle admin page.
 
12. Post Configurations – Autostart Oracle during system boot
I like if everything boots up automatic so lets configure Oracle to start during system boot. You can of course
turn this feature later off, but the init.d script is very useful too. First we need to specify which database
instant will be started together with Oracle. (of course this is the first but maybe you have already done
this a few times).
Edit /etc/oratab as below:

orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

 
Now lets create the init.d script as /etc/init.d/oracle

cat - >> /etc/init.d/oracle

 
copy and paste all below and complete it with Ctrl-d

#!/bin/bash
#

# Run-level Startup script for the Oracle Instance and Listener
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Oracle
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Startup/Shutdown Oracle listener and instance
### END INIT INFO
ORA_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1"
ORA_OWNR="oracle"
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
# if the executables do not exist -- display error
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORA_HOME ]
then
    echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
    exit 1
fi
# depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart
# of the instance and listener or usage display
case "$1" in
start)
# Oracle listener and instance startup
    echo -n "Starting Oracle: "
    su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORA_HOME"
    su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
    #Optional : for Enterprise Manager software only
    su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
    touch /var/lock/oracle
    echo "OK"
    ;;
stop)
    # Oracle listener and instance shutdown
    echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
    #Optional : for Enterprise Manager software only
    su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
    su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
    su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORA_HOME"
    rm -f /var/lock/oracle
    echo "OK"
    ;;
reload|restart)
    $0 stop
    $0 start
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $0 start|stop|restart|reload"
    exit 1
esac
exit 0

 

Set the Permission:

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle

 
Finally we need to install the script so Oracle will start during system bootup:

update-rc.d-insserv oracle defaults 99 01

 
NOTE 1: You may find the following error message during /etc/init.d/oracle/stop:
Shutdown Oracle: ulimit: 25: bad number
You can then update /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/emctl
with #!/bin/bash to solve the problem:

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
sed -i 's/^#!/bin/sh -fs*/#!/bin/bash -f/g' $ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl

 Note 2: Common mistake when installing Oracle database is to not have all of your variables set correctly in your .bash_profile. If you come across this error when you try to start up the EMCTL console then here is what you do:

$ emctl start dbconsole

 
Gives error message: Environment variable ORACLE_UNQNAME not defined. Please set ORACLE_UNQNAME to database unique name.

Do:

vi ~/.bash_profile

 
Add this line:

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl

 
Final Notes
Next up I will install the same database on a few other Linux distributions and see how it goes. Also I will
write up a guide how to access the Database from anywhere. I haven’t completed that task yet so just
stay tuned.