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xpath手册

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XPath手册 [源于ZVON]

基本的XPath语法类似于在一个文件系统中定位文件,如果路径以斜线 / 开始, 那么该路径就表示到一个元素的绝对路径
/AAA
选择根元素AAA

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <DDD
               <BBB/> 
          </DDD
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
/AAA/CCC
选择AAA的所有CCC子元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <DDD
               <BBB/> 
          </DDD
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
/AAA/DDD/BBB
选择AAA的子元素DDD的所有子元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <DDD
               <BBB/> 
          </DDD
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
如果路径以双斜线 // 开头, 则表示选择文档中所有满足双斜线//之后规则的元素(无论层级关系)
//BBB
选择所有BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <DDD
               <BBB/> 
          </DDD
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <BBB/> 
                    <BBB/> 
               </DDD
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//DDD/BBB
选择所有父元素是DDD的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <DDD
               <BBB/> 
          </DDD
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <BBB/> 
                    <BBB/> 
               </DDD
          </CCC
     </AAA>
星号 * 表示选择所有由星号之前的路径所定位的元素
/AAA/CCC/DDD/*
选择所有路径依附于/AAA/CCC/DDD的元素

     <AAA
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <BBB/> 
                    <BBB/> 
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF/> 
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <BBB/> 
                    <BBB/> 
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF/> 
               </DDD
          </CCC
          <CCC
               <BBB
                    <BBB
                         <BBB/> 
                    </BBB
               </BBB
          </CCC
     </AAA>
/*/*/*/BBB
选择所有的有3个祖先元素的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <BBB/> 
                    <BBB/> 
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF/> 
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <BBB/> 
                    <BBB/> 
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF/> 
               </DDD
          </CCC
          <CCC
               <BBB
                    <BBB
                         <BBB/> 
                    </BBB
               </BBB
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//*
选择所有元素

     <AAA
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <BBB/> 
                    <BBB/> 
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF/> 
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <BBB/> 
                    <BBB/> 
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF/> 
               </DDD
          </CCC
          <CCC
               <BBB
                    <BBB
                         <BBB/> 
                    </BBB
               </BBB
          </CCC
     </AAA>
方块号里的表达式可以进一步的指定元素, 其中数字表示元素在选择集里的位置, 而last()函数则表示选择集中的最后一个元素.
/AAA/BBB[1]
选择AAA的第一个BBB子元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
     </AAA>
/AAA/BBB[last()]
选择AAA的最后一个BBB子元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
     </AAA>
//@id
选择所有的id属性

     <AAA
          <BBB id = "b1"/> 
          <BBB id = "b2"/> 
          <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
          <BBB/> 
     </AAA>
//BBB[@id]
选择有id属性的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB id = "b1"/> 
          <BBB id = "b2"/> 
          <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
          <BBB/> 
     </AAA>
//BBB[@name]
选择有name属性的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB id = "b1"/> 
          <BBB id = "b2"/> 
          <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
          <BBB/> 
     </AAA>
//BBB[@*]
选择有任意属性的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB id = "b1"/> 
          <BBB id = "b2"/> 
          <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
          <BBB/> 
     </AAA>
//BBB[not(@*)]
选择没有属性的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB id = "b1"/> 
          <BBB id = "b2"/> 
          <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
          <BBB/> 
     </AAA>
属性的值可以被用来作为选择的准则, normalize-space函数删除了前部和尾部的空格, 并且把连续的空格串替换为一个单一的空格
//BBB[@id='b1']
选择含有属性id且其值为'b1'的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB id = "b1"/> 
          <BBB name = " bbb "/> 
          <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
     </AAA>
//BBB[@name='bbb']
选择含有属性name且其值为'bbb'的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB id = "b1"/> 
          <BBB name = " bbb "/> 
          <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
     </AAA>
//BBB[normalize-space(@name)='bbb']
选择含有属性name且其值(在用normalize-space函数去掉前后空格后)为'bbb'的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB id = "b1"/> 
          <BBB name = " bbb "/> 
          <BBB name = "bbb"/> 
     </AAA>
count()函数可以计数所选元素的个数
//*[count(BBB)=2]
选择含有2个BBB子元素的元素

     <AAA
          <CCC
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </CCC
          <DDD
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </DDD
          <EEE
               <CCC/> 
               <DDD/> 
          </EEE
     </AAA>
//*[count(*)=2]
选择含有2个子元素的元素

     <AAA
          <CCC
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </CCC
          <DDD
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </DDD
          <EEE
               <CCC/> 
               <DDD/> 
          </EEE
     </AAA>
//*[count(*)=3]
选择含有3个子元素的元素

     <AAA
          <CCC
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </CCC
          <DDD
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </DDD
          <EEE
               <CCC/> 
               <DDD/> 
          </EEE
     </AAA>
name()函数返回元素的名称, start-with()函数在该函数的第一个参数字符串是以第二个参数字符开始的情况返回true, contains()函数当其第一个字符串参数包含有第二个字符串参数时返回true.
//*[name()='BBB']
选择所有名称为BBB的元素(这里等价于//BBB)

     <AAA
          <BCC
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </BCC
          <DDB
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </DDB
          <BEC
               <CCC/> 
               <DBD/> 
          </BEC
     </AAA>
//*[starts-with(name(),'B')]
选择所有名称以"B"起始的元素

     <AAA
          <BCC
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </BCC
          <DDB
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </DDB
          <BEC
               <CCC/> 
               <DBD/> 
          </BEC
     </AAA>
//*[contains(name(),'C')]
选择所有名称包含"C"的元素

     <AAA
          <BCC
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </BCC
          <DDB
               <BBB/> 
               <BBB/> 
          </DDB
          <BEC
               <CCC/> 
               <DBD/> 
          </BEC
     </AAA>
string-length函数返回字符串的字符数,你应该用&lt;替代<, 用&gt;代替>
//*[string-length(name()) = 3]
选择名字长度为3的元素

     <AAA
          <Q/> 
          <SSSS/> 
          <BB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <DDDDDDDD/> 
          <EEEE/> 
     </AAA>
//*[string-length(name()) < 3]
选择名字长度小于3的元素

     <AAA
          <Q/> 
          <SSSS/> 
          <BB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <DDDDDDDD/> 
          <EEEE/> 
     </AAA>
//*[string-length(name()) > 3]
选择名字长度大于3的元素

     <AAA
          <Q/> 
          <SSSS/> 
          <BB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <DDDDDDDD/> 
          <EEEE/> 
     </AAA>
多个路径可以用分隔符 | 合并在一起
//CCC | //BBB
选择所有的CCC和BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <DDD
               <CCC/> 
          </DDD
          <EEE/> 
     </AAA>
/AAA/EEE | //BBB
选择所有的BBB元素和所有是AAA的子元素的EEE元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <DDD
               <CCC/> 
          </DDD
          <EEE/> 
     </AAA>
/AAA/EEE | //DDD/CCC | /AAA | //BBB
可以合并的路径数目没有限制

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <DDD
               <CCC/> 
          </DDD
          <EEE/> 
     </AAA>
child轴(axis)包含上下文节点的子元素, 作为默认的轴,可以忽略不写.
/AAA
等价于 /child::AAA

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
/child::AAA
等价于/AAA

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
/AAA/BBB
等价于/child::AAA/child::BBB

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
/child::AAA/child::BBB
等价于/AAA/BBB

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
/child::AAA/BBB
二者都可以被合并

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
descendant (后代)轴包含上下文节点的后代,一个后代是指子节点或者子节点的子节点等等, 因此descendant轴不会包含属性和命名空间节点.
/descendant::*
选择文档根元素的所有后代.即所有的元素被选择

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <DDD
                    <CCC
                         <DDD/> 
                         <EEE/> 
                    </CCC
               </DDD
          </BBB
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <EEE
                         <DDD
                              <FFF/> 
                         </DDD
                    </EEE
               </DDD
          </CCC
     </AAA>
/AAA/BBB/descendant::*
选择/AAA/BBB的所有后代元素

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <DDD
                    <CCC
                         <DDD/> 
                         <EEE/> 
                    </CCC
               </DDD
          </BBB
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <EEE
                         <DDD
                              <FFF/> 
                         </DDD
                    </EEE
               </DDD
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//CCC/descendant::*
选择在祖先元素中有CCC的所有元素

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <DDD
                    <CCC
                         <DDD/> 
                         <EEE/> 
                    </CCC
               </DDD
          </BBB
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <EEE
                         <DDD
                              <FFF/> 
                         </DDD
                    </EEE
               </DDD
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//CCC/descendant::DDD
选择所有以CCC为祖先元素的DDD元素

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <DDD
                    <CCC
                         <DDD/> 
                         <EEE/> 
                    </CCC
               </DDD
          </BBB
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <EEE
                         <DDD
                              <FFF/> 
                         </DDD
                    </EEE
               </DDD
          </CCC
     </AAA>
parent轴(axis)包含上下文节点的父节点, 如果有父节点的话
//DDD/parent::*
选择DDD元素的所有父节点

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <DDD
                    <CCC
                         <DDD/> 
                         <EEE/> 
                    </CCC
               </DDD
          </BBB
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <EEE
                         <DDD
                              <FFF/> 
                         </DDD
                    </EEE
               </DDD
          </CCC
     </AAA>
ancestor轴(axis)包含上下节点的祖先节点, 该祖先节点由其上下文节点的父节点以及父节点的父节点等等诸如此类的节点构成,所以ancestor轴总是包含有根节点,除非上下文节点就是根节点本身.
/AAA/BBB/DDD/CCC/EEE/ancestor::*
选择一个绝对路径上的所有节点

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <DDD
                    <CCC
                         <DDD/> 
                         <EEE/> 
                    </CCC
               </DDD
          </BBB
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <EEE
                         <DDD
                              <FFF/> 
                         </DDD
                    </EEE
               </DDD
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//FFF/ancestor::*
选择FFF元素的祖先节点

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <DDD
                    <CCC
                         <DDD/> 
                         <EEE/> 
                    </CCC
               </DDD
          </BBB
          <CCC
               <DDD
                    <EEE
                         <DDD
                              <FFF/> 
                         </DDD
                    </EEE
               </DDD
          </CCC
     </AAA>
following-sibling轴(axis)包含上下文节点之后的所有兄弟节点
/AAA/BBB/following-sibling::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <DDD/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//CCC/following-sibling::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <DDD/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
preceding-sibling 轴(axis)包含上下文节点之前的所有兄弟节点
/AAA/XXX/preceding-sibling::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <DDD/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//CCC/preceding-sibling::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <DDD/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
following轴(axis)包含同一文档中按文档顺序位于上下文节点之后的所有节点, 除了祖先节点,属性节点和命名空间节点
/AAA/XXX/following::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ
                    <DDD/> 
                    <DDD
                         <EEE/> 
                    </DDD
               </ZZZ
               <FFF
                    <GGG/> 
               </FFF
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//ZZZ/following::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ
                    <DDD/> 
                    <DDD
                         <EEE/> 
                    </DDD
               </ZZZ
               <FFF
                    <GGG/> 
               </FFF
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
following轴(axis)包含同一文档中按文档顺序位于上下文节点之前的所有节点, 除了祖先节点,属性节点和命名空间节点
/AAA/XXX/preceding::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ
                    <DDD/> 
               </ZZZ
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//GGG/preceding::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ
                    <DDD/> 
               </ZZZ
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
descendant-or-self 轴(axis)包含上下文节点本身和该节点的后代节点
/AAA/XXX/descendant-or-self::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ
                    <DDD/> 
               </ZZZ
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//CCC/descendant-or-self::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ
                    <DDD/> 
               </ZZZ
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
ancestor-or-self 轴(axis)包含上下文节点本身和该节点的祖先节点
/AAA/XXX/DDD/EEE/ancestor-or-self::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ
                    <DDD/> 
               </ZZZ
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//GGG/ancestor-or-self::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ
                    <DDD/> 
               </ZZZ
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <DDD/> 
                    <CCC/> 
                    <FFF/> 
                    <FFF
                         <GGG/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
ancestor, descendant, following, preceding 和self轴(axis)分割了XML文档(忽略属性节点和命名空间节点), 不能交迭, 而一起使用则包含所有节点
//GGG/ancestor::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF
                         <HHH/> 
                         <GGG
                              <JJJ
                                   <QQQ/> 
                              </JJJ
                              <JJJ/> 
                         </GGG
                         <HHH/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//GGG/descendant::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF
                         <HHH/> 
                         <GGG
                              <JJJ
                                   <QQQ/> 
                              </JJJ
                              <JJJ/> 
                         </GGG
                         <HHH/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//GGG/following::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF
                         <HHH/> 
                         <GGG
                              <JJJ
                                   <QQQ/> 
                              </JJJ
                              <JJJ/> 
                         </GGG
                         <HHH/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//GGG/preceding::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF
                         <HHH/> 
                         <GGG
                              <JJJ
                                   <QQQ/> 
                              </JJJ
                              <JJJ/> 
                         </GGG
                         <HHH/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//GGG/self::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF
                         <HHH/> 
                         <GGG
                              <JJJ
                                   <QQQ/> 
                              </JJJ
                              <JJJ/> 
                         </GGG
                         <HHH/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
//GGG/ancestor::* | //GGG/descendant::* | //GGG/following::* | //GGG/preceding::* | //GGG/self::*
 

     <AAA
          <BBB
               <CCC/> 
               <ZZZ/> 
          </BBB
          <XXX
               <DDD
                    <EEE/> 
                    <FFF
                         <HHH/> 
                         <GGG
                              <JJJ
                                   <QQQ/> 
                              </JJJ
                              <JJJ/> 
                         </GGG
                         <HHH/> 
                    </FFF
               </DDD
          </XXX
          <CCC
               <DDD/> 
          </CCC
     </AAA>
div运算符做浮点除法运算, mod运算符做求余运算, floor函数返回不大于参数的最大整数(趋近于正无穷), ceiling返回不小于参数的最小整数(趋近于负无穷)
//BBB[position() mod 2 = 0 ]
选择偶数位置的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
//BBB[ position() = floor(last() div 2 + 0.5) or position() = ceiling(last() div 2 + 0.5) ]
选择中间的BBB元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
//CCC[ position() = floor(last() div 2 + 0.5) or position() = ceiling(last() div 2 + 0.5) ]
选择中间的CCC元素

     <AAA
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <BBB/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <CCC/> 
          <CCC/> 
     </AAA>
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