（转载文章）lnmp安装

原文：

 

http://solf.me/compile-nginx-php-mysql-on-centos-lnmp/

 

原文作者：夏日里的冻虾

 

插入：我自己的特别说明

参见网络上的教程，是php-fpm可以用root权限来运行，非常重要。

 

 

 

正文：

LNMP的好处就不说了，特别是对于这个正在运行的小 内存VPS 。鉴于师傅的淫威，我只能手工编译安装Nginx 1.0.15 + PHP 5.3.12 + MySQL 5.1.62 + eAccelerator 0.9.6.1，不能使用各种一键安装包，以及使用yum命令，因为他说“不手动试一下怎么能学到东西”。废话不说，先将步骤和代码贴出来，打造一个适合 新手（如我）的详细安装教程

 

准备

---

1. 当然是可以上网的机器，可以是虚拟机，VPS，服务器，安装CentOS，其他分支没测试过，最好在虚拟机上先试手一下，因为有 snapshot，随时可以回滚所有操作。
2. 必要时先清空iptables， 关闭SELINUX
3. 源文件下载的目录是 /usr/local/src

前期工作

更新系统，安装必要的程序，此步骤需要用到yum命令

安装

先下载各个软件包

cd /usr/local/src

wget http: //nginx .org /download/nginx-1 .0.15. tar .gz

wget http: //au .php.net /get/php-5 .3.16. tar .gz /from/us .php.net /mirror

wget http: //pecl .php.net /get/APC-3 .1.9.tgz

wget http: //mysql .mirror.kangaroot.net /Downloads/MySQL-5 .1 /mysql-5 .1.62. tar .gz

wget http: //ftp .gnu.org /pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1 .14. tar .gz

wget http: //downloads .sourceforge.net /mcrypt/libmcrypt-2 .5.8. tar .gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0

wget http: //downloads .sourceforge.net /mcrypt/mcrypt-2 .6.8. tar .gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0

wget http: //downloads .sourceforge.net /mhash/mhash-0 .9.9.9. tar .gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0

wget http: //downloads .sourceforge.net /project/pcre/pcre/8 .30 /pcre-8 .30. tar .gz?r=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fpcre%2Ffiles%2Fpcre%2F8.30%2F&ts=1335184494&use_mirror=aarnet

wget http: //downloads .sourceforge.net /project/eaccelerator/eaccelerator/eAccelerator %200.9.6.1 /eaccelerator-0 .9.6.1. tar .bz2?r=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Feaccelerator%2Ffiles%2Feaccelerator%2FeAccelerator%25200.9.6.1%2F&ts=1335276559&use_mirror=waix

然后安装各个库，依次是libiconv，libmcrypt，mhash， mcrypt 和pcre

tar zxvf libiconv-1.14. tar .gz

cd libiconv-1.14

. /configure --prefix= /usr/local

make

make install

 

cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8. tar .gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

. /configure

make

make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

. /configure -- enable -ltdl- install

make

make install

cd ../../

 

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9. tar .gz

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

. /configure

make

make install

cd ../

 

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt .la /usr/lib/libmcrypt .la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt .so /usr/lib/libmcrypt .so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt .so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt .so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt .so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt .so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash .a /usr/lib/libmhash .a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash .la /usr/lib/libmhash .la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash .so /usr/lib/libmhash .so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash .so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash .so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash .so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash .so.2.0.1

 

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8. tar .gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8/

/sbin/ldconfig

. /configure

make

make install

cd ../

 

tar zxvf pcre-8.30. tar .gz

cd pcre-8.30

. /configure

make && make install

cd ../

一、安装MySQL

首先是添加组

groupadd mysql

#创建目录，存放data和pid

mkdir -p /home/mysql/mysql-5 .1.62 /3306/

chown -r mysql:mysql /home/mysql/

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql mysql

然后是解压，编译和安装，注意，我将LNMP需要的应用都放在了/usr/local/webserver 里面

. /configure --prefix= /usr/local/webserver/mysql/ -- enable -assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex -- enable -thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server -- enable - local -infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg

make && make install

修改目录权限，配置文件，因为不是什么大型服务器，所以先复制使用默认的中等配置文件，同时将自带用于启动，重启mysql的文件复制到init.d目 录，用于service命令来restart等操作，最后是创建开机启动

chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql

 

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir= /usr/local/webserver/mysql --user=mysql

cp -f /usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium .cnf /etc/my .cnf

#将skip-locking 转换成skip-external-locking

sed -i 's/skip-locking/skip-external-locking/g' /etc/my .cnf

sed -i 's:#innodb:innodb:g' /etc/my .cnf

cp /usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/mysql .server /etc/init .d /mysqld

chmod 755 /etc/init .d /mysqld #添加执行权限

ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql

ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/insclude/mysql /usr/include/mysql

chkconfig mysqld on #设置开机启动

在my.cnf 的[mysqld]里面增加（或将对应字段修改成）以下：

log-error = /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/mysql_error.log

pid-file = /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/mysql.pid

datadir = /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/data

重启机器后，mysql会自动启动，接着是设定其root帐号密码，再先将默认帐号密码都去掉

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘root'

 

cat > /tmp/mysql_sec_script <<EOF

use mysql;

delete from user where not (user= 'root' ) ;

delete from user where user= 'root' and password= '' ;

drop database test ;

DROP USER '' @ '%' ;

flush privileges;

EOF

 

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p 'root' -h localhost < /tmp/mysql_sec_script

 

rm -f /tmp/mysql_sec_script

 

/etc/init .d /mysqld restart

/etc/init .d /mysqld stop

二、安装PHP

cd /usr/local/src

tar zvxf php-5.3.16. tar .gz

cd php-5.3.16

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/php

 

. /configure --prefix= /usr/local/webserver/php --with-config- file -path= /usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql= /usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli= /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv- dir = /usr/local --with-freetype- dir --with-jpeg- dir --with-png- dir --with-zlib --with-libxml- dir = /usr -- enable -xml --disable-rpath -- enable -discard-path -- enable -safe-mode -- enable -bcmath -- enable -shmop -- enable -sysvsem -- enable -inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers -- enable -mbregex -- enable -fpm -- enable -mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd -- enable -gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash -- enable -pcntl -- enable -sockets  --with-xmlrpc -- enable -zip -- enable -soap --with-pdo-mysql= /usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --with-mysql-sock= /tmp/mysql .sock

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS= '-liconv'

make install

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php .ini

 

cp sapi /fpm/init .d.php-fpm /etc/init .d /php-fpm #因为php5.3开始自带fpm，使用自带的管理脚本

chmod +x /etc/init .d /php-fpm

chkconfig php-fpm on #设置开机自启动

cp /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm .conf.default /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm .conf

然后修改php-fpm.conf，将pid改成以下，并将user和group改成www

pid = run /php-fpm .pid

user = www

group = www

修改php.ini，查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = “./”，修改为extension_dir = “/usr /local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/ “， 此路径为刚刚的输出路径。再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

编译安装apc

cd /usr/local/src

tar -zxvf APC-3.1.9.tgz

cd APC-3.1.9

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

. /configure -- enable -apc -- enable -apc-mmap --with-php-config= /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

然后就是修改/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录下的php.ini，添加apc模块

extension = "apc.so"

apc.enabled = 1

apc.cache_by_default = on

apc.shm_segments = 1

apc.shm_size = 32M

apc.ttl = 3600

apc.user_ttl = 3600

apc.num_files_hint = 0

apc.write_lock = On

三、安装Nginx

首先是建立好用户组

groupadd www

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g www www #www 用户不能login

mkdir -p /home/wwwroot #此路 径是用于存放各域名的root路径

chmod +w /home/wwwroot

mkdir -p /home/wwwlogs

chmod 755 /home/wwwlogs

chown -R www:www /home/wwwroot

安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.0.15. tar .gz

cd nginx-1.0.15/

. /configure --user=www --group=www --prefix= /usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module

make && make install

mkdir /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/vhost/ #用于配置各域名

修改Nginx的配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx .conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx .conf

输入以下内容

user  www www;

worker_processes 1;

error_log  /home/wwwlogs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 51200;

}

http

{

include       mime.types;

default_type  application/octet-stream;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length  1k;

gzip_buffers     4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

#log format

log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

include vhost/*.conf;

}

这是基本的nginx配置，接着是设定每个域名的配置信息

cd /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/vhost

vi domain.com.conf

输入以下内容，这样nginx就可以支持php了。注意，请根据自身需要设定domain.com

server

{

     listen       80;

     server_name www.domain.com domain.com;

     index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;

     root  /home/wwwroot/domain.com/www;

     location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

     {

         fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

         fastcgi_index index.php;

         include fastcgi.conf;

     }

     location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

     {

         expires      30d;

     }

     location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

     {

         expires      12h;

     }

     access_log  /home/wwwlogs/domain.com.access.log;

}

然后为刚刚的域名创建root目录

mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/domain .com /www/

因为默认是没有nginx管理脚本的，在此先新建一个，运行$ vi /etc/init.d/nginx，输入

#! /bin/sh

# chkconfig: 2345 55 25

# Description: Startup script for nginx webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and

# run 'update-rc.d -f nginx defaults', or use the appropriate command on your

# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add nginx'

### BEGIN INIT INFO

# Provides:          nginx

# Required-Start:    $all

# Required-Stop:     $all

# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5

# Default-Stop:      0 1 6

# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server

# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon

### END INIT INFO

PATH= /usr/local/sbin : /usr/local/bin : /sbin : /bin : /usr/sbin : /usr/bin

DESC= "nginx daemon"

NAME=nginx

DAEMON= /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/ $NAME

CONFIGFILE= /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/ $NAME.conf

PIDFILE= /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/ $NAME.pid

SCRIPTNAME= /etc/init .d/$NAME

set -e

[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

do_start() {

$DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "nginx already running"

}

do_stop() {

kill -INT ` cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n "nginx not running"

}

do_reload() {

kill -HUP ` cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n "nginx can't reload"

}

case "$1" in

start)

echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"

do_start

echo "."

;;

stop)

echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"

do_stop

echo "."

;;

reload|graceful)

echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..."

do_reload

echo "."

;;

restart)

echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"

do_stop

do_start

echo "."

;;

*)

echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload|restart}" >&2

exit 3

;;

esac

exit 0

为该文件增加执行权限，并设置为自启动

chmod +x /etc/init .d /nginx

chkconfig nginx on

直接输入以下命令，会得到相应的结果

service nginx restart #重启nginx
service mysqld restart #重启mysql
service php-fpm restart #重启php-fpm
service php-fpm stop #停止php-fpm
service php-fpm start #启动php-fpm

各站点的根目录是 /home/wwwroot/
应用的目录是 /usr/local/webserver/

各配置文件的存放位置是：
php: /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/
mysql: /etc/
nginx: /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/

 

1. 启动nginx的时候遇到 error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1:

答：增加以下软连接，注意，如果是64位系统，对应目录是/lib64

 

#cd /lib64

cd /lib

ln -s libpcre.so.0.0.1 libpcre.so.1

参考：

CentOS 6.2编译安装Nginx1.0.14+MySQL5.5.22+PHP5.3.10 http://www.osyunwei.com/archives/3339.html

Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]http://blog.s135.com /nginx_php_v6/

LNMP一键安装 http://lnmp.org/