CentOS 5.5+Apache+PHP+MySQL 5部署笔记（更新）

[日期：2011-05-06] 来源：Linux社区  作者：fuying163


Centos5.5(32bit)

所需软件包：

gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
libxml2-2.7.7.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
httpd-2.2.8.tar.gz
mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz
php-5.2.14.tar.gz
xcache-1.3.0.tar.gz

ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz

修改系统参数，编写脚本执行init.sh

cd /opt

vi init.sh

将下列内容拷贝至init.sh脚本中

#welcome
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|         === Welcome to Centos System init ===                |
+--------------http://www.linuxtone.org------------------------+
+----------------------Author:NetSeek--------------------------+
EOF
#disable ipv6
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|         === Welcome to Disable IPV6 ===                      |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
echo "alias net-pf-10 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
echo "alias ipv6 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
/sbin/chkconfig --level 35 ip6tables off
echo "ipv6 is disabled!"
#disable selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
echo "selinux is disabled,you must reboot!"
#vim
sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc
echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
#zh_cn
sed -i -e 's/^LANG=.*/LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"/'   /etc/sysconfig/i18n
#tunoff services
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|         === Welcome to Tunoff services ===                   |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
              CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`
echo $CURSRV
case $CURSRV in
          crond | irqbalance | microcode_ctl | network | random | sendmail | sshd | syslog | local | mysqld )
      echo "Base services, Skip!"
      ;;
      *)
          echo "change $CURSRV to off"
          chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
          service $CURSRV stop
      ;;
esac
done

执行脚本:

sh init.sh

重启系统

reboot

二、编译安装基本环境

使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包（以下为标准的 RPM 包名称）

rpm --import  http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

yum -y install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel zlib-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel libXpm-devel gettext-devel  pam-devel libtool libtool-ltdl openssl openssl-devel fontconfig-devel

解释如下：

安装基本的编译工具  # yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ flex bison autoconf automake libtool bzip2-devel zlib-devel ncurses-devel pam-devel

安装编译 GD 需要的库# yum install -y xorg-x11-server-Xorg fontconfig-devel libXpm-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel

安装mysql需要的库# yum install -y libxml2-devel curl-devel


编译安装软件包

1)GD2

tar -zxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz

cd gd-2.0.35

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2

make && make install

2) LibXML2

tar -zxvf libxml2-2.7.7.tar.gz

cd libxml2-2.7.7

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2

make && make install

3) LibMcrypt

tar xvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt

make && make install

4) Apache日志截断程序

tar zxvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz

cd cronolog-1.6.2

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cronolog

make && make install

5）安装mysql

tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz 

cd mysql-5.1.44

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile

make && make install

创建MySQL数据库,用默认的配置my.cnf

groupadd mysql 

useradd -g mysql mysql 

cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var

chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.

添加Mysql启动服务,并且设置root密码

cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql

chkconfig --level 345 mysql on

echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf

echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf

ldconfig

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql

service mysql start

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root    //root改为你需要的密码 

service mysql restart

6)安装apache

groupadd httpd

useradd -g httpd -s /sbin/nologin -M httpd

tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.8.tar.gz

cd httpd-2.2.8

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-included-apr --enable-so --enable-deflate=shared --enable-expires=shared --enable-rewrite=shared --enable-static-support --disable-userdir --enable-dav --enable-maintainer-mode
红色字体为部署SVN服务器所用，否则编译svn的时候会报错
make

make install

7)安装php

tar -zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz

cd  php-5.2.14

mkdir -p /usr/local/php/etc

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 --with-gd=/usr/local/gd2 --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-bz2 --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-openssll --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --disable-cgi --disable-cli

make

make install

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

7)安装Xcache

tar -zxvf xcache-1.3.0.tar.gz

cd xcache-1.3.0

/usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-xcache --enable-xcache-coverager --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug

vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

在最后添加以下内容

[xcache-common]
zend_extension      = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so
 
[xcache.admin]
xcache.admin.user   = "admin"
;create md5 password: echo -n "password"| md5sum
xcache.admin.pass   = "f3dfd37a03b1356d6380b41e524f903b"  #password is hx10.com
[xcache]
; Change xcache.size to tune the size of the opcode cache
xcache.size         = 24M
xcache.shm_scheme   = "mmap"
xcache.count        = 4
xcache.slots        = 8K
xcache.ttl          = 0
xcache.gc_interval  = 0
 
; Change xcache.var_size to adjust the size of variable cache
xcache.var_size     = 8M
xcache.var_count    = 1
xcache.var_slots    = 8K
xcache.var_ttl      = 0
xcache.var_maxttl   = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval =     300
xcache.test         = Off
xcache.readonly_protection = On
xcache.mmap_path    = "/tmp/xcache"
xcache.coredump_directory =   ""
xcache.cacher       = On
xcache.stat         = On
xcache.optimizer    = Off
[xcache.coverager]
xcache.coverager    = On
xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""

8)安装Zend Optimizer  系统如果是64位的，请安装64位的ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23文件；

tar -zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz

mv ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386 /usr/local/Zend

cp /usr/local/Zend/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/Zend/

vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
最后一行加入以下内容

zend_optimizer.optimization_level=15
zend_extension=/usr/local/Zend/ZendOptimizer.so

9)整合Apache与PHP及系统初化配置

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

查找AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz,在该行下面添加

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

查找DirectoryIndex index.html 把该行修改成

DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php

找到

#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf 
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf

去掉这4行前面的#
注意：以上 4 个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置！


vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [e-mail]
    DocumentRoot "/www/wwwroot/"
    ServerName www.test.com
    ServerAlias www.test.com
    ErrorLog "logs/www.test.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.test.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

新建一个虚拟主机，删除原有的虚拟主机配置；

mkdir -p /www/wwwroot/

然后PHP探针放到这个目录

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

找到

<Directory />
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all            //把这里的Deny改成Allow
</Directory>

找到

#ServerName www.example.com:80  在这一行后面加入下面一行
ServerName 127.0.0.1:80

找到

User httpd
Group httpd

把原来的daemon修改成httpd
Apache 运行账户        httpd:httpd

chown -R httpd:httpd /www/wwwroot

重启apache

# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

输入探针的地址访问

http://ip/php.php

安装apache服务

cd httpd-2.2.8

cp support/apachectl  /etc/init.d/httpd
vi /etc/init.d/httpd

加入以下的代码,使apache可以用chkconfig方式启动（保留#）：

# Startup script for the Apache Web Server
# chkconfig: 2345 10 90
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.
# processname: httpd
# pidfile: /usr/local/apache2/log/httpd.pid
# config: /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

安装服务并开机启动

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/httpd
chkconfig --add httpd
chkconfig --level 345 httpd on
service httpd start

10)安全和性能优化

vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

查找disable_functions =

等号后面加入以下参数，注意不能换行

phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,get_cfg_var

查找以下2项,把on改成off

expose_php = Off
display_errors = Off

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-default.conf  修改后的内容如下

Timeout 15
KeepAlive Off
MaxKeepAliveRequests 50
KeepAliveTimeout 5
UseCanonicalName Off
AccessFileName .htaccess
ServerTokens Prod
ServerSignature Off
HostnameLookups Off

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf  修改一个模块后的内容如下

原来的配置如下：

<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
   ServerLimit 256 
   StartServers 5
   MinSpareServers 5
  MaxSpareServers 10
  MaxClients 256
  MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>

修改后配置如下

<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
    ServerLimit         2000
    StartServers          2000
    MinSpareServers       10
    MaxSpareServers      10
    MaxClients          2000
    MaxRequestsPerChild   10000
</IfModule>

查看是什么模式

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -l

如果出现prefork.c那就说明是prefork模式
本篇文章来源于 Linux公社网站(www.linuxidc.com)  原文链接：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-05/35628.htm

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