Bash字符串处理（与Java对照） - 22.判断字符串是否数字串

In Java

用正则表达式匹配方式判断字符串是否数字串

String str = "1234";

if (str.matches("\\d+")) {

    // matched, it's digit string

}

 

In Bash

使用模式匹配（Pattern Matching）判断字符串是否数字串

方法：[[ $STR != *[!0-9]* ]]

解读：$STR != *[!0-9]* 表示不匹配非数字串，反过来讲就是只匹配数字串。

方法：[[ ! $STR == *[!0-9]* ]]

解读：$STR == *[!0-9]* 表示只要包含非数字字符就为真，前面加上!操作符，表示相反，也就是说只有当全部是数字字符时才为真。

man bash 写道

[[ expression ]]
              When  the  == and != operators are used, the string to the right
              of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to
              the  rules  described  below under Pattern Matching.  The return
              value is 0 if the string matches or does not match the  pattern,
              respectively,  and  1 otherwise.  Any part of the pattern may be
              quoted to force it to be matched as a string.

 

 

[root@smsgw root]# STR=12345
[root@smsgw root]# [[ $STR != *[!0-9]* ]] && echo "yes"
yes
[root@smsgw root]# [[ ! $STR == *[!0-9]* ]] && echo "yes"
yes
[root@smsgw root]# STR=12345a
[root@smsgw root]# [[ $STR != *[!0-9]* ]] && echo "yes"  
[root@smsgw root]# [[ ! $STR == *[!0-9]* ]] && echo "yes"
[root@smsgw root]# STR=abcd
[root@smsgw root]# [[ $STR != *[!0-9]* ]] && echo "yes"  
[root@smsgw root]# [[ ! $STR == *[!0-9]* ]] && echo "yes"
[root@smsgw root]# 

 

 

使用正则表达式匹配判断字符串是否数字串（Bash 3.0）

格式：[[ $STR =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]

格式：[[ $STR =~ ^[[:digit:]]+$ ]]

man bash 写道

[[ expression ]]
              An  additional  binary  operator,  =~,  is available, with the same precedence as == and !=.  When it is
              used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an extended regular expression  and  matched
              accordingly (as in regex(3)).  The return value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
              If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional expression’s return  value  is  2.

 

[root@jfht ~]# STR=12345

[root@jfht ~]# [[ $STR =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && echo "yes"
yes
[root@jfht ~]# [[ $STR =~ ^[[:digit:]]+$ ]] && echo "yes"
yes
[root@jfht ~]# STR=12345a
[root@jfht ~]# [[ $STR =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && echo "yes"      
[root@jfht ~]# [[ $STR =~ ^[[:digit:]]+$ ]] && echo "yes"
[root@jfht ~]# STR=abcd
[root@jfht ~]# [[ $STR =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && echo "yes"      
[root@jfht ~]# [[ $STR =~ ^[[:digit:]]+$ ]] && echo "yes"
[root@jfht ~]#

 

注意：Bash 3.0 以上才支持，下面是在 Bash 2.0 下执行的结果。

[root@smsgw root]# STR=12345
[root@smsgw root]# [[ $STR =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && echo "yes"
-bash: conditional binary operator expected
-bash: syntax error near `=~'
[root@smsgw root]#

 

 

使用sed -n /re/p 来判断字符串是否数字串

格式：[ "$(sed -n "/^[0-9]\+$/p" <<< "$STR")" ]

格式：[ "$(echo "$STR" | sed -n "/^[0-9]\+$/p")" ]

man sed 写道

       -n, --quiet, --silent
              suppress automatic printing of pattern space
       /regexp/
              Match lines matching the regular expression regexp.
       p      Print the current pattern space.

 

[root@jfht ~]# STR=12345
[root@jfht ~]# [ "$(sed -n "/^[0-9]\+$/p" <<< "$STR")" ] && echo "yes"
yes
[root@jfht ~]# [ "$(echo "$STR" | sed -n "/^[0-9]\+$/p")" ] && echo "yes"  
yes
[root@jfht ~]# STR=12345a
[root@jfht ~]# [ "$(sed -n "/^[0-9]\+$/p" <<< "$STR")" ] && echo "yes"      
[root@jfht ~]# [ "$(echo "$STR" | sed -n "/^[0-9]\+$/p")" ] && echo "yes"
[root@jfht ~]# STR=abcd
[root@jfht ~]# [ "$(sed -n "/^[0-9]\+$/p" <<< "$STR")" ] && echo "yes"   
[root@jfht ~]# [ "$(echo "$STR" | sed -n "/^[0-9]\+$/p")" ] && echo "yes"
[root@jfht ~]#

 

 

使用 grep/egrep 来判断字符串是否数字串

格式：grep -q "^[0-9]\+$" <<< "$STR"

格式：egrep -q "^[0-9]+$" <<< "$STR"

man grep 写道

Egrep is the same as grep -E.

       -E, --extended-regexp
              Interpret PATTERN as an extended regular expression (see below).

       -e PATTERN, --regexp=PATTERN
              Use PATTERN as the pattern; useful to protect patterns beginning with -.

       -q, --quiet, --silent
              Quiet;  do  not  write  anything  to standard output.  Exit immediately with zero status if any match is
              found, even if an error was detected.  Also see the -s or --no-messages option.

 

 

[root@jfht ~]# STR=123456
[root@jfht ~]# egrep "^[0-9]+$" <<< "$STR"
123456
[root@jfht ~]# grep "^[0-9]\+$" <<< "$STR"
123456
[root@jfht ~]#

 

 

本文链接：http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/1212725   （转载请注明出处）

返回目录：Java程序员的Bash实用指南系列之字符串处理（目录） 

上节内容：Bash字符串处理（与Java对照） - 21.字符串正则匹配

下节内容：Bash字符串处理（与Java对照） - 23.字符串替换、子串删除、子串截取