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发表时间:2007-06-27
1,ActionController的resources用来实现REST api,一个单独的resource基于HTTP verb(method)有不同的行为(action),如: map.resources :messages class MessagesController < ActionController::Base # GET messages_url def index # return all messages end # GET new_message_url def new # return an HTML form for describing a new message end # POST message_url def create # create a new message end # GET message_url(:id => 1) def show # find and return a specific message end # GET edit_message_url(:id => 1) def edit # return an HTML form for editing a specific message end # PUT message_url(:id => 1) def update # find and update a specific message end # DELETE message_url(:id => 1) def destroy # delete a specific message end end 2,对于map.resources :messages将生成如下named routes和helpers: Named Routes Helpers messages messages_url, hash_for_messages_url, messages_path, hash_for_messages_path message message_url(id), hash_for_message_url(id), message_path(id), hash_for_message_path(id) new_message new_message_url, hash_for_new_message_url, new_message_path, hash_for_new_message_path edit_message edit_message_url(id), hash_for_edit_message_url(id), edit_message_path(id), hash_for_edit_message_path(id) 3,由于浏览器不支持PUT和DELETE,我们需要添加:method参数,如: <% form_for :message, @message, :url => message_path(@message), :html => {:method => :put} do |f| %> 4,resources方法有一些参数: :controller -- specify the controller name for the routes. :singular -- specify the singular name used in the member routes. :path_prefix -- set a prefix to the routes with required route variables. 对于如下routes: map.resources :articles map.resources :comments, :path_prefix => '/articles/:article_id' 我们可以使用嵌套写法: map.resources :articles do |article| article.resources :comments end 使用的时候多加一个:article_id参数即可: comment_url(@article, @comment) comment_url(:article_id => @article, :id => @comment) :name_prefix -- define a prefix for all generated routes, usually ending in an underscore. 使用前缀来避免named routes名字冲突: map.resources :tags, :path_prefix => '/books/:book_id', :name_prefix => 'book_' map.resources :tags, :path_prefix => '/toys/:toy_id', :name_prefix => 'toy_' :collection -- add named routes for other actions that operate on the collection. 比如对于如下route: map.resources :messages, :collection => { :rss => :get } 生成的named route为rss_messages,生成的helper方法为rss_messages_path,url则为/messages;rss 该参数形式为#{action} => #{method}的hash,method为:get/:post/:put/:delete/:any,如果method无所谓则可以使用:any :member -- same as :collection, but for actions that operate on a specific member. 即:collection参数为对多个对象操作的方法,:member参数则为对单个对象操作的方法 :new -- same as :collection, but for actions that operate on the new resource action. 5,map.resource的参数以及用法与map.resources差不多,只是map.resource为一个单独的resource生成named routes 源码全在resources.rb文件里,Rails经常这样弄的一个文件几百行甚至上千行代码,可读性很不好,不过倒也不错,不用到处找关联的文件 module ActionController module Resources class Resource attr_reader :collection_methods, :member_methods, :new_methods attr_reader :path_prefix, :name_prefix attr_reader :plural, :singular attr_reader :options def initialize(entities, options) @plural = entities @singular = options[:singular] || plural.to_s.singularize @options = options arrange_actions add_default_actions set_prefixes end def controller @controller ||= (options[:controller] || plural).to_s end def path @path ||= "#{path_prefix}/#{plural}" end def new_path @new_path ||= "#{path}/new" end def member_path @member_path ||= "#{path}/:id" end def nesting_path_prefix @nesting_path_prefix ||= "#{path}/:#{singular}_id" end end class SingletonResource < Resource alias_method :member_path, :path alias_method :nesting_path_prefix, :path end def resources(*entities, &block) options = entities.last.is_a?(Hash) ? entities.pop : { } entities.each { |entity| map_resource entity, options.dup, &block } end def resource(*entities, &block) options = entities.last.is_a?(Hash) ? entities.pop : { } entities.each { |entity| map_singleton_resource entity, options.dup, &block } end private def map_resource(entities, options = {}, &block) resource = Resource.new(entities, options) with_options :controller => resource.controller do |map| map_collection_actions(map, resource) map_default_collection_actions(map, resource) map_new_actions(map, resource) map_member_actions(map, resource) if block_given? with_options(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, &block) end end end def map_singleton_resource(entities, options = {}, &block) resource = SingletonResource.new(entities, options) with_options :controller => resource.controller do |map| map_collection_actions(map, resource) map_default_singleton_actions(map, resource) map_new_actions(map, resource) map_member_actions(map, resource) if block_given? with_options(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, &block) end end end def map_collection_actions(map, resource) resource.collection_methods.each do |method, actions| actions.each do |action| action_options = action_options_for(action, resource, method) map.named_route("#{resource.name_prefix}#{action}_#{resource.plural}", "#{resource.path};#{action}", action_options) map.named_route("formatted_#{resource.name_prefix}#{action}_#{resource.plural}", "#{resource.path}.:format;#{action}", action_options) end end end def map_default_collection_actions(map, resource) index_action_options = action_options_for("index", resource) map.named_route("#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.plural}", resource.path, index_action_options) map.named_route("formatted_#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.plural}", "#{resource.path}.:format", index_action_options) create_action_options = action_options_for("create", resource) map.connect(resource.path, create_action_options) map.connect("#{resource.path}.:format", create_action_options) end def map_default_singleton_actions(map, resource) create_action_options = action_options_for("create", resource) map.connect(resource.path, create_action_options) map.connect("#{resource.path}.:format", create_action_options) end def map_new_actions(map, resource) resource.new_methods.each do |method, actions| actions.each do |action| action_options = action_options_for(action, resource, method) if action == :new map.named_route("#{resource.name_prefix}new_#{resource.singular}", resource.new_path, action_options) map.named_route("formatted_#{resource.name_prefix}new_#{resource.singular}", "#{resource.new_path}.:format", action_options) else map.named_route("#{resource.name_prefix}#{action}_new_#{resource.singular}", "#{resource.new_path};#{action}", action_options) map.named_route("formatted_#{resource.name_prefix}#{action}_new_#{resource.singular}", "#{resource.new_path}.:format;#{action}", action_options) end end end end def map_member_actions(map, resource) resource.member_methods.each do |method, actions| actions.each do |action| action_options = action_options_for(action, resource, method) map.named_route("#{resource.name_prefix}#{action}_#{resource.singular}", "#{resource.member_path};#{action}", action_options) map.named_route("formatted_#{resource.name_prefix}#{action}_#{resource.singular}", "#{resource.member_path}.:format;#{action}",action_options) end end show_action_options = action_options_for("show", resource) map.named_route("#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.singular}", resource.member_path, show_action_options) map.named_route("formatted_#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.singular}", "#{resource.member_path}.:format", show_action_options) update_action_options = action_options_for("update", resource) map.connect(resource.member_path, update_action_options) map.connect("#{resource.member_path}.:format", update_action_options) destroy_action_options = action_options_for("destroy", resource) map.connect(resource.member_path, destroy_action_options) map.connect("#{resource.member_path}.:format", destroy_action_options) end def conditions_for(method) { :conditions => method == :any ? {} : { :method => method } } end def action_options_for(action, resource, method = nil) default_options = { :action => action.to_s } require_id = resource.kind_of?(SingletonResource) ? {} : { :requirements => { :id => Regexp.new("[^#{Routing::SEPARATORS.join}]+") } } case default_options[:action] when "index", "new" : default_options.merge(conditions_for(method || :get)) when "create" : default_options.merge(conditions_for(method || :post)) when "show", "edit" : default_options.merge(conditions_for(method || :get)).merge(require_id) when "update" : default_options.merge(conditions_for(method || :put)).merge(require_id) when "destroy" : default_options.merge(conditions_for(method || :delete)).merge(require_id) else default_options.merge(conditions_for(method)) end end end end ActionController::Routing::RouteSet::Mapper.send :include, ActionController::Resources Resources模块定义了Resource类和SingletonResource类,前者表示多个资源,后者则表示单个资源 resources方法和resource方法分别调用map_resource方法和map_singleton_resource方法 map_resource和map_singleton_resource方法分别用Resource和SingletonResource类初始化对象 最后分别调用map.named_route和map.connect来生成各自的routes 注意resources和resource方法对生成的routes作了HTTP method上的限制,如果我们在request时提供的method参数有误则会抛出RoutingError异常 这样看来,resources只不过是为我们生成了一些named routes而已,简化了我们的工作,提高了效率 我们在看源码时带着问题去看,就会非常有收获 声明:ITeye文章版权属于作者,受法律保护。没有作者书面许可不得转载。
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发表时间:2007-07-10
采用resource定义产生的named routes,如果想要在后面加上额外的query string,要怎么写?
以论坛的主题贴作为嵌套资源举例子: topic_url(@forum, @topic) 偶想在产生的url基础上,多加一个值,比如说分页: /forum/1/topic/1?page=2 偶试了下这样的代码会报错: link_to "page 2", topic_url(@forum, @topic, :page => 2) 看它的源代码和文档好像也没有牵涉到query string |
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发表时间:2007-07-11
对于嵌套资源:
map.resources :forums do |forum| forum.resources :topics do |topic| topic.resources :posts end end 在_url/_path方法中直接加query参数即可,比如:page参数会作为link_to方法的options参数,比如: <% link_to "page 2", topic_url(@forum, @topic, :page => 2) %> 或 <% for topic in @topics %> <%= link_to "First Page", topic_path(:forum_id => @forum, :id => topic, :page = topic.first_page) %> <%= pagination_links topic.post_pages, :window_size => 10, :link_to_current_page => true %> <%= link_to "Last Page", topic_path(:forum_id => @forum, :id => topic, :page = topic.last_page) %> <% end %> 关键是controller里处理:page参数: post_pages, posts = paginate(:posts, :per_page => 5, :order => 'posts.created_at', :conditions => ['posts.topic_id = ?', topic.id]) topic.post_pages = post_pages :page参数会被paginate方法自动捕获: def paginator_and_collection_for(collection_id, options) klass = options[:class_name].constantize page = params[options[:parameter]] count = count_collection_for_pagination(klass, options) paginator = Paginator.new(self, count, options[:per_page], page) collection = find_collection_for_pagination(klass, options, paginator) return paginator, collection end |
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发表时间:2007-07-11
不知道你报什么错,能具体描述一下么?
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发表时间:2007-07-11
hideto 写道 不知道你报什么错,能具体描述一下么?
不好意思,偶昨天写得匆忙,没有把错误写上来,测试代码如下: require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../test_helper' require 'forums_controller' class ForumsController; def rescue_action(e) raise e end; end class ForumsControllerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase fixtures :forums def setup @controller = ForumsController.new @request = ActionController::TestRequest.new @response = ActionController::TestResponse.new end def test_named_route_path get :index path = forum_path(forums(:forum_1)) assert_equal "/forums/1", path end def test_named_route_path_with_query_string get :index path = forum_path(forums(:forum_1), :page => 1) assert_equal "/forums/1?page=1", path end end routes.rb和你前面贴的一样: map.resources :forums do |forum| forum.resources :topics do |topic| topic.resources :posts end end 第一个测试不带query string的没有问题,第二个测试报错是: 引用 You have a nil object when you didn't expect it! The error occurred while evaluating nil.to_sym 不过偶后来发现这个问题和resource无关,是偶不知道named route产生的_path/_url方法如何接受query string,很好奇你的代码怎么可以运行通过 ===编辑分隔线=== 发现你的代码不同点了,你是用_path(:id => xxx, :page => xxx)这种方式,测试代码改成: path = forum_path(:id => forums(:forum_1), :page => 1) 就可以通过了,偶再去看看文档或者源代码哪里有涉及到这2种方式的不同说明... |
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