Definition
MCOD is an acronym for Multiple Components in One Database.
With MCOD, SAP Netweaver components are installed and managed in a single database. Individual system data is isolated in the database. Every system application runs as if they were installed separately

Features and Benefits
Single logical and physical database instance
Reduction in the number of databases to administer
Optimizing of licensing for database and database management tools
Flexibility in change management and maintenance as result of componentization of systems
Ease of database and system maintenance (patching) because all system uses the same release of database.
Individual systems can be upgraded independently of the other system
Independent tuning and administration of systems
Synchronized backup and restore strategy for all MCOD systems is possible.

Administrative Challenges and considerations

Duplication of maintenance and support effort for multiple applications
Single point of failure
High availability solution cost
High system resources and consumption need