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作者 | 正文 |
发表时间:2009-01-11
Base64是网络上最常见的用于传输8Bit字节代码的编码方式之一。Base64 主要不是加密,它主要的用途是把一些二进制数转成普通字符用于网络传输。由于一些二进制字符在传输协议中属于控制字符,不能直接传送需要转换一下。最常见的用途是作为电子邮件或WebService附件的传输编码. 2.base64编码定义 目前的internet e-mail标准--简单邮件传递协议(smtp)在rfc821中规定了两条重要但不难实现的限制: 1)邮件的内容必须全部为7-比特的美国ascii码。 2)每一行的长度不能超过1000的字符。 因此为了通过smtp用e-mail进行传送,内存的序列化对象必须转化为和以上相容的格式。 rfc1521提供了一个可行的方案。它定义了邮件的内容部分,使之能包涵多种形式的数据。这种标准就是目前众所周知的mime。 按照rfc1521编码过程为:输入是24个比特,输出是4个字节。24个比特输入组从左至右 由3个8比特的输入组形成。这24个比特被看成4个连续的6比特组,而每个6比特输入组被翻译为base64码表中的一个数字。依次反复不断进行,直到全部输入数据转换完成。 如果最后剩下两个输入数据,在编码结果后加1个“=”;如果最后剩下一个输入数据,编码结果后加2个“=”;如果没有剩下任何数据,就什么都不要加,这样才可以保证资料还原的正确性。 完整的base64定义可见 RFC1421和 RFC2045。编码后的数据比原始数据略长,为原来的4/3。在电子邮件中,根据RFC822规定,每76个字符,还需要加上一个回车换行。可以估算编码后数据长度大约为原长的135.1%。 3.如何进行base64编码 Base64 使用US-ASCII子集的65个字符, 每个字符用6位表示 对于文本串,编码过程如下。例如"men": 先转成US-ASCII值. "m"十进制 109 "e"十进制 101 "n"十进制 110 二进制 : m 01101101 e 01100101 n 01101110 三个8位连起来是24位 011011010110010101101110 然后分成4个6位 011011 010110 010101 101110 现在得到4个值,十进制为 27 22 21 46 对应的 Base64 字符是 : b W V u 编码总是基于3个字符,从而产生4个Base64字符。 如果只是2个字符的数据,使用特殊字符"="补齐Base64的4字。 如,编码"me" 01101101 01100101 0110110101100101 011011 010110 0101 111111 (与,补足6位) 011011 010110 010100 b W U b W U = ("=" 补足4字符) 于是 "bWU=" 就是"me"的Base64值. 如果只是2个字符的数据,如编码 "m" 01101101 011011 01 111111 011011 010000 b Q = = 于是 "bQ==" 就是"m"的Base64值. 4.显示被存储为Base64编码字符串的图片的例子 1)使用data: URI直接在网页中嵌入. data: URI定义于IETF标准的RFC 2397 data: URI的基本使用格式如下: data:[<MIME-type>][;base64|charset=some_charset],<data> mime-type是嵌入数据的mime类型,比如png图片就是image/png。 如果后面跟base64,说明后面的data是采用base64方式进行编码的 <html> <body> <img src='data:image/gif;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAkGBwgHBgkIBwgKCgkLDRYPDQwMDRsUFRAWIB0iIiAd Hx8kKDQsJCYxJx8fLT0tMTU3Ojo6Iys/RD84QzQ5Ojf/2wBDAQoKCg0MDRoPDxo3JR8lNzc3Nzc3 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这种方式,Firfox、Opera、Safari和Konqueror这些浏览器都已经支持,但是IE直到7.0版本都还没有支持.所以,比较好的做法是在服务器端将base64编码的字符串转换成byte流.这里,我提供了java的实现方法. 2)字符串转换成byte流,然后显示出来 在java中,提供了一个用于编码和解码(encode/decode )base64字符串和数据流的Java开源类库Java Base64. 服务器端代码 package test; import java.io.*; import java.text.*; import java.util.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder; import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder; public class ImgShow extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException { String xmlImg="/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAkGBwgHBgkIBwgKCgkLDRYPDQwMDRsUFRAWIB0iIiAd Hx8kKDQsJCYxJx8fLT0tMTU3Ojo6Iys/RD84QzQ5Ojf/2wBDAQoKCg0MDRoPDxo3JR8lNzc3Nzc3 Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzc3Nzf/wAARCACKAGMDASIA AhEBAxEB/8QAGwAAAgMBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQBAwUGAgf/xABCEAACAQMBBAYHAwoFBQAAAAAB AgMABBEFBhIhMRNBUWFxgRQiMkKRocEjUtEHFTNicoKSsbLCFqLS4fAlNDVTdP/EABQBAQAAAAAA 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decoder = new BASE64Decoder(); try { // Base64解码 byte[] b = decoder.decodeBuffer(imgStr); for (int i = 0; i < b.length; ++i) { if (b[i] < 0) {// 调整异常数据 b[i] += 256; } } // OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(imgFilePath); out.write(b); out.flush(); out.close(); return true; } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } } 客户端代码 <html> <head><title>用servlet显示base64编码的图片</title></head> <body> <img src="http://localhost:8080/servlet/ImgShow"> </body> </html>文章欢迎转载,但请注明出处和作者 声明:ITeye文章版权属于作者,受法律保护。没有作者书面许可不得转载。
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发表时间:2009-08-17
个人感觉写的不错,简单明了。
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