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锁定老帖子 主题:从源代码解读spring IOC容器
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作者 | 正文 |
发表时间:2008-09-19
最后修改:2008-11-27
1. spring IOC容器接口定义 org.springframework.beans.factory 这里是定义spring IOC容器接口的包,在这个包里有我们熟悉的BeanFactory package org.springframework.beans.factory; public interface BeanFactory { /** *这里是对FactoryBean的转义定义,如果使用bean的名字检索FactoryBean,得到的是工厂生成的对象, *如果需要得到工厂本身,需要转义。For example, if the bean named * <code>myJndiObject</code> is a FactoryBean, getting <code>&myJndiObject</code> * will return the factory */ String FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX = "&"; /** *这里根据bean的名字,在IOC容器中得到bean实例,这个IOC容器就是一个大的抽象工厂。 */ Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException; /** *这里根据bean的名字和Class类型来得到bean实例,和上面的方法不同在于它会抛出异常:如果 *根据名字取得的bean实例的Class类型和需要的不同的话。 */ Object getBean(String name, Class requiredType) throws BeansException; /** *这里提供对bean的检索,看看是否在IOC容器有这个名字的bean */ boolean containsBean(String name); /** *这里根据bean名字得到bean实例,并同时判断这个bean是不是单例 */ boolean isSingleton(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException; /** *这里得到bean实例的Class类型 */ Class getType(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException; /** *这里得到bean的别名,如果根据别名检索,那么其原名也会被检索出来 */ String[] getAliases(String name); } 在BeanFactory里只对IOC容器的基本行为作了定义,根本不关心你的bean是怎样定义怎样加载的,就像我们只关心从这个工厂里能得到什么产品对象,至于工厂是怎么生产这些对象的,这个基本的接口不关心这些。如果要关心工厂是怎样产生对象的,应用程序需要使用具体的IOC容器实现 spring已经为我们准备了丰富的IOC容器的具体实现(当然,有兴趣的朋友也可以尝试实现自己的一套IOC容器来证明自己的实力也未尝不可),现在先让我们看看spring是怎样实现的: 2. spring IOC容器接口的实现 package org.springframework.beans.factory.support; public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory implements ConfigurableBeanFactory { /** * 放置单例bean实例的缓存(IOC容器) * Cache of singletons: bean name --> bean instance */ private final Map singletonCache = CollectionFactory.createLinkedMapIfPossible(16); /** * 根据bean名称从缓存(IOC容器)中获得bean实例,如果缓存中没有,则根据bean的定义 * 信息造bean的实例,如果是单例,就放进缓存(IOC容器) */ public Object getBean(String name, Class requiredType, Object[] args) throws BeansException { String beanName = transformedBeanName(name); Object bean = null; // 在缓存中根据名字查找bean实例. Object sharedInstance = null; synchronized (this.singletonCache) { sharedInstance = this.singletonCache.get(beanName); } if (sharedInstance != null) { ... // 如果容器里找的到,则从缓存返回bean bean = getObjectForSharedInstance(name, sharedInstance); } else { ... // Check if bean definition exists in this factory. // 如果当前BeanFactory里没有bean定义信息,则去ParentBeanFactory // 里查找 if (getParentBeanFactory() != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) { // Not found -> check parent. if (getParentBeanFactory() instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) { // Delegation to parent with args only possible for AbstractBeanFactory. return ((AbstractBeanFactory) getParentBeanFactory()).getBean(name, requiredType, args); } else if (args == null) { // No args -> delegate to standard getBean method. return getParentBeanFactory().getBean(name, requiredType); } else { ... } } // 获得bean定义信息 RootBeanDefinition mergedBeanDefinition = getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName, false); checkMergedBeanDefinition(mergedBeanDefinition, beanName, requiredType, args); // Create bean instance. if (mergedBeanDefinition.isSingleton()) { synchronized (this.singletonCache) { // Re-check singleton cache within synchronized block. sharedInstance = this.singletonCache.get(beanName); if (sharedInstance == null) { ... this.currentlyInCreation.add(beanName); try { // 根据bean定义信息造bean的实例 sharedInstance = createBean(beanName, mergedBeanDefinition, args); // 将bean实例放入缓存(IOC容器) addSingleton(beanName, sharedInstance); } catch (BeansException ex) { ... } finally { this.currentlyInCreation.remove(beanName); } } } bean = getObjectForSharedInstance(name, sharedInstance); } else { // 如果不是单例模式 just create a new instance. bean = createBean(beanName, mergedBeanDefinition, args); } } ... return bean; } /** * 抽象方法,在子类中实现 */ protected abstract Object createBean( String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mergedBeanDefinition, Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException; /** * 在缓存中注册bean实例 */ public void registerSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty"); Assert.notNull(singletonObject, "Singleton object must not be null"); synchronized (this.singletonCache) { Object oldObject = this.singletonCache.get(beanName); if (oldObject != null) { ... } addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject); } } /** * 在缓存中注册bean实例 */ protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) { Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty"); Assert.notNull(singletonObject, "Singleton object must not be null"); synchronized (this.singletonCache) { this.singletonCache.put(beanName, singletonObject); } } } AbstractBeanFactory实现了BeanFactory接口里的getBean()方法,做为抽象的父类为所有继承它的子类提供getBean()的模板服务,getBean()方法是根据bean的名称在缓存--AbstractBeanFactory#singletonCache(IOC容器)里查找其实例,如果找不到则根据用户的配置文件里的bean定义信息(spring背后有一套功能十分强大的xml文件解析工具来完成bean定义文件的解析,有兴趣的朋友可以看看org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader和org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultXmlBeanDefinitionParser,解析好后会将bean定义信息放入缓存,限于篇幅这里不再赘述)造bean实例,如果该bean是单例模式,则同时放进缓存---AbstractBeanFactory#singletonCache。getBean()是IOC容器的核心方法。在getBean()里用到了createBean()方法,顾名思义--造bean实例的方法,该方法在子类中得到了实现,现在我们看看子类中到底是怎样createBean的。 package org.springframework.beans.factory.support; public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFactory implements AutowireCapableBeanFactory { /** * 造bean对象 */ protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mergedBeanDefinition, Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException { // 实例化并初始化当前bean所依赖的所有bean. if (mergedBeanDefinition.getDependsOn() != null) { for (int i = 0; i < mergedBeanDefinition.getDependsOn().length; i++) { getBean(mergedBeanDefinition.getDependsOn()[i]); } } ... Object bean = null; // Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance. if (mergedBeanDefinition.hasBeanClass()) { bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(mergedBeanDefinition.getBeanClass(), beanName); if (bean != null) { return bean; } } BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null; Object originalBean = null; ... try { ... if (mergedBeanDefinition.getFactoryMethodName() != null) { //反射factoryBean的工厂方法 instanceWrapper = instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mergedBeanDefinition, args); } else if (mergedBeanDefinition.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR || mergedBeanDefinition.hasConstructorArgumentValues() ) { //实例化bean的方法 instanceWrapper = autowireConstructor(beanName, mergedBeanDefinition); } else { //实例化bean的方法 // No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor. instanceWrapper = instantiateBean(beanName, mergedBeanDefinition); } bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance(); // Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references // even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware. if (isAllowCircularReferences() && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) { ... addSingleton(beanName, bean); } ... originalBean = bean; bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(bean, beanName); // 调用bean实例里的init方法 invokeInitMethods(beanName, bean, mergedBeanDefinition); bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(bean, beanName); } catch (BeanCreationException ex) { ... } // Register bean as disposable, and also as dependent on specified "dependsOn" beans. registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, originalBean, mergedBeanDefinition); return bean; } /** * 反射factoryBean里的工厂方法,实现依赖注入 */ protected BeanWrapper instantiateUsingFactoryMethod( String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mergedBeanDefinition, Object[] explicitArgs) throws BeansException { ... BeanWrapperImpl bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(); initBeanWrapper(bw); ... Object beanInstance = this.instantiationStrategy.instantiate( mergedBeanDefinition, beanName, this, factoryBean, factoryMethodToUse, argsToUse); ... bw.setWrappedInstance(beanInstance); return bw; } /** * 匹配bean构造方法来实例化bean */ protected BeanWrapper autowireConstructor(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mergedBeanDefinition) throws BeansException { ... BeanWrapperImpl bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(); initBeanWrapper(bw); ... Object beanInstance = this.instantiationStrategy.instantiate( mergedBeanDefinition, beanName, this, constructorToUse, argsToUse); bw.setWrappedInstance(beanInstance); ... return bw; } /** * 用bean的默认构造方法造bean实例 */ protected BeanWrapper instantiateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mergedBeanDefinition) throws BeansException { Object beanInstance = getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mergedBeanDefinition, beanName, this); BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance); initBeanWrapper(bw); return bw; } } 其实create bean的过程就是通过bean的定义信息反射bean实例的过程。真正用反射造对象的代码这里没有体现出来,我们注意到了BeanWrapper仅仅是bean实例的包装类,不涉及到造对象的代码;instantiateUsingFactoryMethod()、autowireConstructor()和instantiateBean()方法里都用到了实例化策略类里面的方法--instantiate(),毫无疑问反射对象的代码就应该在instantiate()里面,现在就让我们来揭开实例化策略类的神秘面纱。 package org.springframework.beans.factory.support; public class SimpleInstantiationStrategy implements InstantiationStrategy { public Object instantiate( RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, String beanName, BeanFactory owner) { // Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides. if (beanDefinition.getMethodOverrides().isEmpty()) { // 调用BeanUtils的静态方法实例化bean return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(beanDefinition.getBeanClass()); } else { // Must generate CGLIB subclass. // 抛异常"Method Injection not supported in SimpleInstantiationStrategy" return instantiateWithMethodInjection(beanDefinition, beanName, owner); } } public Object instantiate( RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, String beanName, BeanFactory owner, Constructor ctor, Object[] args) { if (beanDefinition.getMethodOverrides().isEmpty()) { // 调用BeanUtils的静态方法实例化bean return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(ctor, args); } else { return instantiateWithMethodInjection(beanDefinition, beanName, owner, ctor, args); } } public Object instantiate( RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, String beanName, BeanFactory owner, Object factoryBean, Method factoryMethod, Object[] args) { try { // It's a static method if the target is null. if (!Modifier.isPublic(factoryMethod.getModifiers()) || !Modifier.isPublic(factoryMethod.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) { // 如果方法不是公有方法,则修改它的访问权限 factoryMethod.setAccessible(true); } // 用反射调用factoryBean实例中的方法 return factoryMethod.invoke(factoryBean, args); } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { ... } } } 原来一部分实例化bean的代码放到BeanUtils.instantiateClass()方法里了,我们现在来看看BeanUtils类 package org.springframework.beans; public abstract class BeanUtils { /** * 实例化带默认构造方法的bean */ public static Object instantiateClass(Class clazz) throws BeanInstantiationException { ... try { return instantiateClass(clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null), null); } ... } /** * 根据构造方法实例化bean */ public static Object instantiateClass(Constructor ctor, Object[] args) throws BeanInstantiationException { ... try { if (!Modifier.isPublic(ctor.getModifiers()) || !Modifier.isPublic(ctor.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) { //如果是私有构造方法则修改访问权限 ctor.setAccessible(true); } // 反射实例 return ctor.newInstance(args); } ... } } 从以上代码我们不难看出,spring如果遇到bean的构造方法是私有的,那么它会去修改bean的访问权限,同样可以反射出bean的对象 3. spring依赖注入(dependence injection)的实现 所谓依赖,举个例子说明,一个类Person,另一个类Car,如果Person的某个方法比如说drive,需要引用Car,则称Person类依赖于Car类,延伸到对象,这种依赖关系依然成立。这其中的依赖关系,就导致了对象Person需要负责对象Car的创建,甚至是整个生命周期的管理,而这样显然会带来耦合度高,不易维护等缺点。spring框架的依赖注入为我们提供了很好的解决方案,将Person依赖的对象Car造好,然后注入到Person中去,而无需Person自己去引用Car,这个注入的过程,由spring IOC容器来完成,无需对象去关心。 Spring提供了3种类型的依赖注入:构造函数注入(constructor injection)、setter注入(setter injection)和方法注入(method injection)。说白了就是反射factoryBean里的方法,把所依赖的对象做为参数传进去完成注入。这里提到了factoryBean的概念,这个factoryBean其实就是IOC容器管理的bean,说白了就是有依赖关系的bean,例如我们上面举的例子里面的Person类,Person需要依赖Car对象,在IOC容器中Person的实例就是一个factoryBean,Car的对象将被注入这个factoryBean spring究竟是怎样实现依赖注入的,其实上面已经有所提到,我们现在再来仔细看看AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类的instantiateUsingFactoryMethod方法 package org.springframework.beans.factory.support; public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFactory implements AutowireCapableBeanFactory { protected BeanWrapper instantiateUsingFactoryMethod( String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mergedBeanDefinition, Object[] explicitArgs) throws BeansException { ConstructorArgumentValues cargs = mergedBeanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues(); ConstructorArgumentValues resolvedValues = null; int minNrOfArgs = 0; if (explicitArgs == null) { // 如果没有工厂方法的参数直接传入,我们将从bean definition中得到 resolvedValues = new ConstructorArgumentValues(); minNrOfArgs = resolveConstructorArguments(beanName, mergedBeanDefinition, cargs, resolvedValues); } else { minNrOfArgs = explicitArgs.length; } boolean isStatic = true; Class factoryClass = null; Object factoryBean = null; if (mergedBeanDefinition.getFactoryBeanName() != null) { // 获得factoryBean的实例 factoryBean = getBean(mergedBeanDefinition.getFactoryBeanName()); factoryClass = factoryBean.getClass(); isStatic = false; } else { // It's a static factory method on the bean class. factoryClass = mergedBeanDefinition.getBeanClass(); } BeanWrapperImpl bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(); initBeanWrapper(bw); // 尝试调用factoryBean里的方法,如果这个工厂方法里的参数和得到的参数匹配 Method[] candidates = factoryClass.getMethods(); Method factoryMethodToUse = null; Object[] argsToUse = null; int minTypeDiffWeight = Integer.MAX_VALUE; // 对工厂方法和参数做个遍历,挑出合适的方法和参数 for (int i = 0; i < candidates.length; i++) { Method factoryMethod = candidates[i]; if (Modifier.isStatic(factoryMethod.getModifiers()) == isStatic && factoryMethod.getName().equals(mergedBeanDefinition.getFactoryMethodName()) && factoryMethod.getParameterTypes().length >= minNrOfArgs) { Class[] argTypes = factoryMethod.getParameterTypes(); ArgumentsHolder args = null; if (resolvedValues != null) { // Resolved contructor arguments: type conversion and/or autowiring necessary. try { args = createArgumentArray( beanName, mergedBeanDefinition, resolvedValues, bw, argTypes, "factory method"); } catch (UnsatisfiedDependencyException ex) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Ignoring factory method [" + factoryMethod + "] of bean '" + beanName + "': " + ex.getMessage()); } if (i == candidates.length - 1 && factoryMethodToUse == null) { throw ex; } else { // Swallow and try next overloaded factory method. continue; } } } else { // Explicit arguments given -> arguments length must match exactly. if (argTypes.length != explicitArgs.length) { continue; } args = new ArgumentsHolder(explicitArgs); } int typeDiffWeight = args.getTypeDifferenceWeight(argTypes); // Choose this constructor if it represents the closest match. if (typeDiffWeight < minTypeDiffWeight) { factoryMethodToUse = factoryMethod; argsToUse = args.arguments; minTypeDiffWeight = typeDiffWeight; } } } if (factoryMethodToUse == null) { throw new BeanCreationException( mergedBeanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot find matching factory method '" + mergedBeanDefinition.getFactoryMethodName () + "' on class [" + factoryClass.getName() + "]"); } // 反射factoryBean的factory method,把依赖的bean对象做为参数传入,完成注入. Object beanInstance = this.instantiationStrategy.instantiate( mergedBeanDefinition, beanName, this, factoryBean, factoryMethodToUse, argsToUse); ... bw.setWrappedInstance(beanInstance); ... return bw; } } 现在总结下: spring的IOC容器的功能就是把实例化对象和代码解耦,现在造对象的活完全交给spring IOC容器来做了,如果有需要,spring容器还可以把bean注入到依赖它的其它bean中,方便程序使用。我们要做的仅仅是配置好bean定义文件,并告诉spring定义文件在哪,然后在代码里getBean()就行啦! IOC容器的载体说白了就是Map,即我们常说的缓存。在spring中IOC缓存主要分bean实例的缓存(单例)和bean定义信息的缓存 spring通过定位资源-->解析bean定义文件并缓存bean定义信息-->根据bean定义造bean实例-->如果是单例模式则把这个bean放进缓存管理,否则直接造对象-->如果有依赖关系,则反射目标bean的方法(setter方法/构造方法/普通方法)并将其依赖的bean做为参数传入,完成注入-->至此,IOC容器就建立起来了。 声明:ITeye文章版权属于作者,受法律保护。没有作者书面许可不得转载。
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发表时间:2008-09-19
讲的不错,有时候看看源代码确实能学习到不少的东西
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发表时间:2008-09-19
非常感谢,讲的非常详细。对spring的IOC又有了新的认识。
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