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在Struts 2中实现文件上传

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作者 正文
   发表时间:2007-10-03  

实现原理

Struts 2是通过Commons FileUpload文件上传。Commons FileUpload通过将HTTP的数据保存到临时文件夹,然后Struts使用fileUpload拦截器将文件绑定到Action的实例中。从而我们就能够以本地文件方式的操作浏览器上传的文件。

具体实现

前段时间Apache发布了Struts 2.0.6 GA,所以本文的实现是以该版本的Struts作为框架的。以下是例子所依赖类包的列表:

依赖类包的列表 
清单1 依赖类包的列表

首先,创建文件上传页面FileUpload.jsp,内容如下:

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
   
< title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title >
</ head >
< body >
   
< s:form action ="fileUpload" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data" >
       
< s:file name ="myFile" label ="Image File" />
       
< s:textfield name ="caption" label ="Caption" />        
       
< s:submit />
   
</ s:form >
</ body >
</ html >
清单2 FileUpload.jsp

在FileUpload.jsp中,先将表单的提交方式设为POST,然后将enctype设为multipart/form-data,这并没有什么特别之处。接下来,<s:file/>标志将文件上传控件绑定到Action的myFile属性。

其次是FileUploadAction.java代码:

package tutorial;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {
   
private static final long serialVersionUID = 572146812454l ;
   
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024 ;
   
   
private File myFile;
   
private String contentType;
   
private String fileName;
   
private String imageFileName;
   
private String caption;
   
   
public void setMyFileContentType(String contentType) {
       
this .contentType = contentType;
   }

   
   
public void setMyFileFileName(String fileName) {
       
this .fileName = fileName;
   }

       
   
public void setMyFile(File myFile) {
       
this .myFile = myFile;
   }

   
   
public String getImageFileName() {
       
return imageFileName;
   }

   
   
public String getCaption() {
       
return caption;
   }


   
public void setCaption(String caption) {
       
this .caption = caption;
   }

   
   
private static void copy(File src, File dst) {
       
try {
           InputStream in
= null ;
           OutputStream out
= null ;
           
try {                
               in
= new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream(src), BUFFER_SIZE);
               out
= new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(dst), BUFFER_SIZE);
               
byte [] buffer = new byte [BUFFER_SIZE];
               
while (in.read(buffer) > 0 ) {
                   out.write(buffer);
               }

           }
finally {
               
if ( null != in) {
                   in.close();
               }

               
if ( null != out) {
                   out.close();
               }

           }

       }
catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }

   }

   
   
private static String getExtention(String fileName) {
       
int pos = fileName.lastIndexOf( " . " );
       
return fileName.substring(pos);
   }


   @Override
   
public String execute()     {        
       imageFileName
= new Date().getTime() + getExtention(fileName);
       File imageFile
= new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath( " /UploadImages " ) + " / " + imageFileName);
       copy(myFile, imageFile);
       
return SUCCESS;
   }

   
}
清单3 tutorial/FileUploadAction.java

在FileUploadAction中我分别写了setMyFileContentType、setMyFileFileName、setMyFile和setCaption四个Setter方法,后两者很容易明白,分别对应FileUpload.jsp中的<s:file/>和<s:textfield/>标志。但是前两者并没有显式地与任何的页面标志绑定,那么它们的值又是从何而来的呢?其实,<s:file/>标志不仅仅是绑定到myFile,还有myFileContentType(上传文件的MIME类型)和myFileFileName(上传文件的文件名,该文件名不包括文件的路径)。因此,<s:file name="xxx" />对应Action类里面的xxx、xxxContentType和xxxFileName三个属性。

FileUploadAction作用是将浏览器上传的文件拷贝到WEB应用程序的UploadImages文件夹下,新文件的名称是由系统时间与上传文件的后缀组成,该名称将被赋给imageFileName属性,以便上传成功的跳转页面使用。

下面我们就来看看上传成功的页面:

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
   
< title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title >
</ head >
< body >
   
< div style ="padding: 3px; border: solid 1px #cccccc; text-align: center" >
       
< img src ='UploadImages/<s:property value ="imageFileName" /> ' />
       
< br />
       
< s:property value ="caption" />
   
</ div >
</ body >
</ html >
清单4 ShowUpload.jsp

ShowUpload.jsp获得imageFileName,将其UploadImages组成URL,从而将上传的图像显示出来。

然后是Action的配置文件:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"
>

< struts >
   
< package name ="fileUploadDemo" extends ="struts-default" >
       
< action name ="fileUpload" class ="tutorial.FileUploadAction" >
           
< interceptor-ref name ="fileUploadStack" />
           
< result name ="success" > /ShowUpload.jsp </ result >
       
</ action >
   
</ package >
</ struts >
清单5 struts.xml

fileUpload Action显式地应用fileUploadStack的拦截器。

最后是web.xml配置文件:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app id ="WebApp_9" version ="2.4"
    xmlns
="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >

   
< display-name > Struts 2 Fileupload </ display-name >

   
< filter >
       
< filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name >
       
< filter-class >
            org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp
       
</ filter-class >
   
</ filter >
    
   
< filter >
       
< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
       
< filter-class >
            org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
       
</ filter-class >
   
</ filter >
    
   
< filter-mapping >
       
< filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name >
       
< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
   
</ filter-mapping >

   
< filter-mapping >
       
< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
       
< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
   
</ filter-mapping >

   
< welcome-file-list >
       
< welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file >
   
</ welcome-file-list >

</ web-app >
清单6 WEB-INF/web.xml

发布运行应用程序,在浏览器地址栏中键入:http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Fileupload/FileUpload.jsp,出现图示页面:


清单7 FileUpload页面

选择图片文件,填写Caption并按下Submit按钮提交,出现图示页面:

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