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作者 | 正文 |
发表时间:2009-12-27
最后修改:2010-01-02
redirect和forward都是属于servlet规范的,不同的servlet容器的实现可能会有一些区别,但原理都是类似的。 redirect和forward的定义: 1. redirect(重定向):服务端发送给客户端一个重定向的临时响应头,这个响应头包含重定向之后的URL,客户端用新的URL重新向服务器发送一个请求。 2. forward(请求转向):服务器程序内部请求转向,这个特性允许前一个程序用于处理请求,而后一个程序用来返回响应。 Redirect的原理比较简单,它的定义也已经描述的很清楚了,我也不想多讲什么,就贴一段简单的代码吧! org.apache.catalina.connector.Response#sendRedirect(String): public void sendRedirect(String location) throws IOException { if (isCommitted()) throw new IllegalStateException (sm.getString("coyoteResponse.sendRedirect.ise")); // Ignore any call from an included servlet if (included) return; // Clear any data content that has been buffered resetBuffer(); // Generate a temporary redirect to the specified location try { String absolute = toAbsolute(location); setStatus(SC_FOUND); setHeader("Location", absolute); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { setStatus(SC_NOT_FOUND); } // Cause the response to be finished (from the application perspective) setSuspended(true); } 方法行为:先把相对路径转换成绝对路径,再包装一个包含有新的URL的临时响应头,“SC_FOUND”的值是302,就是重定向临时响应头的状态码。如果传入的“location”值不合法,就包装一个404的响应头。 下面就来看看tomcat是如何实现forward的,forward为什么在struts2下会无效(注解:其实是可以设置的)。 先看下程序是如何调用forward的: req.getRequestDispatcher("testForward").forward(req, resp); 整个过程分两个步骤来执行 1. 得到一个请求调度器 2. 通过调度器把请求转发过去。 第一步骤,获取请求调度器。 org.apache.catalina.connector.Request#getRequestDispatcher(String) public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path) { if (request == null) { throw new IllegalStateException( sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest")); } if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){ return (RequestDispatcher)AccessController.doPrivileged( new GetRequestDispatcherPrivilegedAction(path)); } else { return request.getRequestDispatcher(path); } 方法行为:把获取RequestDispatcher的任务交个内部的request。它们之间的关系如下所示 org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade和类org.apache.catalina.connector.Request都是实现了javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest接口,而RequestFacade内部有包装了个Request,对Request的访问做了些控制,应该是代理模式 org.apache.catalina.connector.Request#getRequestDispatcher(String) public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path) { if (path.startsWith("/")) return (context.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher(path)); //省略了部分代码 return (context.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher(relative)); } 方法行为:把绝对路径转换成相对路径,最终的格式如“/testForward”。若已经是这种格式的相对路径,就无需再转换了。 接下来就转交给ServletContext来处理,ServletContext是web项目的一个上下文,包含所有的Servlet集合,还定义了一些Servlet与容器之间交互的接口。 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext#getRequestDispatcher(String) public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path) { //省去部分代码 context.getMapper().map(uriMB, mappingData); //省去部分代码 Wrapper wrapper = (Wrapper) mappingData.wrapper; String wrapperPath = mappingData.wrapperPath.toString(); String pathInfo = mappingData.pathInfo.toString(); mappingData.recycle(); // Construct a RequestDispatcher to process this request return new ApplicationDispatcher (wrapper, uriCC.toString(), wrapperPath, pathInfo, queryString, null); } 方法行为:根据路径名“path”找到一个包含有Servlet的Wrapper,最后实例化一个ApplicationDispatcher,并且返回该ApplicationDispatcher。 该方法里非常关键的一行:context.getMapper().map(uriMB, mappingData)。 Mapper的类定义我不知道如何描述,就贴上原文吧:Mapper, which implements the servlet API mapping rules (which are derived from the HTTP rules)。 不过只想了解forward的原理,熟悉map函数就够了。 org.apache.tomcat.util.http.mapper.Mapper#map(org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.MessageBytes, org.apache.tomcat.util.http.mapper.MappingData): public void map(MessageBytes uri, MappingData mappingData) throws Exception { uri.toChars(); CharChunk uricc = uri.getCharChunk(); uricc.setLimit(-1); internalMapWrapper(context, uricc, mappingData); } 方法行为:。。。。。。。就介绍下参数吧,uri可以理解是path(“/testforward”)的一个变形,而mappingData用于存储当前线程用到的部分数据。该函数是没有返回值的,处理之后的结果就是存放到mappingData里的。 org.apache.tomcat.util.http.mapper.Mapper#internalMapWrapper(Mapper$Context,org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.CharChunk, org.apache.tomcat.util.http.mapper.MappingData): private final void internalMapWrapper(Context context, CharChunk path, MappingData mappingData) throws Exception { int pathOffset = path.getOffset(); int pathEnd = path.getEnd(); int servletPath = pathOffset; boolean noServletPath = false; int length = context.name.length(); if (length != (pathEnd - pathOffset)) { servletPath = pathOffset + length; } else { noServletPath = true; path.append('/'); pathOffset = path.getOffset(); pathEnd = path.getEnd(); servletPath = pathOffset+length; } path.setOffset(servletPath); // Rule 1 -- Exact Match Wrapper[] exactWrappers = context.exactWrappers; internalMapExactWrapper(exactWrappers, path, mappingData); // Rule 2 -- Prefix Match boolean checkJspWelcomeFiles = false; Wrapper[] wildcardWrappers = context.wildcardWrappers; if (mappingData.wrapper == null) { internalMapWildcardWrapper(wildcardWrappers, context.nesting, path, mappingData); if (mappingData.wrapper != null && mappingData.jspWildCard) { char[] buf = path.getBuffer(); if (buf[pathEnd - 1] == '/') { /* * Path ending in '/' was mapped to JSP servlet based on * wildcard match (e.g., as specified in url-pattern of a * jsp-property-group. * Force the context's welcome files, which are interpreted * as JSP files (since they match the url-pattern), to be * considered. See Bugzilla 27664. */ mappingData.wrapper = null; checkJspWelcomeFiles = true; } else { // See Bugzilla 27704 mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars(buf, path.getStart(), path.getLength()); mappingData.pathInfo.recycle(); } } } if(mappingData.wrapper == null && noServletPath) { // The path is empty, redirect to "/" mappingData.redirectPath.setChars (path.getBuffer(), pathOffset, pathEnd); path.setEnd(pathEnd - 1); return; } // Rule 3 -- Extension Match Wrapper[] extensionWrappers = context.extensionWrappers; if (mappingData.wrapper == null && !checkJspWelcomeFiles) { internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path, mappingData); } // Rule 4 -- Welcome resources processing for servlets if (mappingData.wrapper == null) { boolean checkWelcomeFiles = checkJspWelcomeFiles; if (!checkWelcomeFiles) { char[] buf = path.getBuffer(); checkWelcomeFiles = (buf[pathEnd - 1] == '/'); } if (checkWelcomeFiles) { for (int i = 0; (i < context.welcomeResources.length) && (mappingData.wrapper == null); i++) { path.setOffset(pathOffset); path.setEnd(pathEnd); path.append(context.welcomeResources[i], 0, context.welcomeResources[i].length()); path.setOffset(servletPath); // Rule 4a -- Welcome resources processing for exact macth internalMapExactWrapper(exactWrappers, path, mappingData); // Rule 4b -- Welcome resources processing for prefix match if (mappingData.wrapper == null) { internalMapWildcardWrapper (wildcardWrappers, context.nesting, path, mappingData); } // Rule 4c -- Welcome resources processing // for physical folder if (mappingData.wrapper == null && context.resources != null) { Object file = null; String pathStr = path.toString(); try { file = context.resources.lookup(pathStr); } catch(NamingException nex) { // Swallow not found, since this is normal } if (file != null && !(file instanceof DirContext) ) { internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path, mappingData); if (mappingData.wrapper == null && context.defaultWrapper != null) { mappingData.wrapper = context.defaultWrapper.object; mappingData.requestPath.setChars (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(), path.getLength()); mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(), path.getLength()); mappingData.requestPath.setString(pathStr); mappingData.wrapperPath.setString(pathStr); } } } } path.setOffset(servletPath); path.setEnd(pathEnd); } } 方法行为:通过“path”从“context”里找到对应的Servlet,存放到“mappingData”里。 可以看到这里有7个匹配Servlet规则: 1. Rule 1 -- Exact Match:精确匹配,匹配web.xml配置的格式如“<url-pattern>/testQiu</url-pattern>”的Servlet 2. Rule 2 -- Prefix Matcha:前缀匹配,匹配的Servlet格式如“<url-pattern>/testQiu/*</url-pattern>” 3. Rule 3 -- Extension Match:扩展匹配,匹配jsp或者jspx 4. ---Rule 4a -- Welcome resources processing for exact macth: 5. ---Rule 4b -- Welcome resources processing for prefix match: 6. ---Rule 4c -- Welcome resources processing for physical folder: 7. Rule 7 --如果前面6条都没匹配到,那就返回org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet。 其实这里真正的匹配的是Wapper,而不是Servlet,因为Wapper最重要的一个属性就是Servlet,说成“匹配Servlet”是为了更容易的表达。 至此返回RequestDispatcher就结束了。 接下来就是讲解RequestDispatcher.forward了。Forward的就不贴出全部的源代码,只贴一些重要的片段,绝大部分的逻辑都在org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher类里。 先描述下过程: 1. 设置request里的部分属性值,如:请求的路径、参数等。 2. 组装一个FilterChain链,调用doFilter方法。 3. 最后根据实际情况调用Filter的doFilter函数或者Servlet的service函数。 注:FilterChain和Filter是两个不同的接口,两个接口的UML org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher#doForward(ServletRequest,ServletResponse): private void doForward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException //省略了部分代码 // Handle an HTTP named dispatcher forward if ((servletPath == null) && (pathInfo == null)) { //省略了部分代码 } else {// Handle an HTTP path-based forward ApplicationHttpRequest wrequest = (ApplicationHttpRequest) wrapRequest(state); String contextPath = context.getPath(); HttpServletRequest hrequest = state.hrequest; if (hrequest.getAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_REQUEST_URI_ATTR) == null) { wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_REQUEST_URI_ATTR, hrequest.getRequestURI()); wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_CONTEXT_PATH_ATTR, hrequest.getContextPath()); wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_SERVLET_PATH_ATTR, hrequest.getServletPath()); wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_PATH_INFO_ATTR, hrequest.getPathInfo()); wrequest.setAttribute(Globals.FORWARD_QUERY_STRING_ATTR, hrequest.getQueryString()); } wrequest.setContextPath(contextPath); wrequest.setRequestURI(requestURI); wrequest.setServletPath(servletPath); wrequest.setPathInfo(pathInfo); if (queryString != null) { wrequest.setQueryString(queryString); wrequest.setQueryParams(queryString); } processRequest(request,response,state); } } //省略了部分代码 } 第1步:设置新的request的属性: wrequest.setContextPath(contextPath); wrequest.setRequestURI(requestURI); wrequest.setServletPath(servletPath); wrequest.setPathInfo(pathInfo); if (queryString != null) { wrequest.setQueryString(queryString); wrequest.setQueryParams(queryString); } 第2步:组装FitlerChain链,根据web.xml配置信息,是否决定添加Filter---- <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher> </filter-mapping> org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterFactory#createFilterChain(ServletRequest, Wrapper, Servlet): public ApplicationFilterChain createFilterChain(ServletRequest request, Wrapper wrapper, Servlet servlet) { //省略部分代码 filterChain = new ApplicationFilterChain(); } filterChain.setServlet(servlet); filterChain.setSupport (((StandardWrapper)wrapper).getInstanceSupport()); // Acquire the filter mappings for this Context StandardContext context = (StandardContext) wrapper.getParent(); FilterMap filterMaps[] = context.findFilterMaps(); // If there are no filter mappings, we are done if ((filterMaps == null) || (filterMaps.length == 0)) return (filterChain); // Acquire the information we will need to match filter mappings String servletName = wrapper.getName(); // Add the relevant path-mapped filters to this filter chain for (int i = 0; i < filterMaps.length; i++) { if (!matchDispatcher(filterMaps[i] ,dispatcher)) { continue; } if (!matchFiltersURL(filterMaps[i], requestPath)) continue; ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig) context.findFilterConfig(filterMaps[i].getFilterName()); if (filterConfig == null) { ; // FIXME - log configuration problem continue; } boolean isCometFilter = false; if (comet) { try { isCometFilter = filterConfig.getFilter() instanceof CometFilter; } catch (Exception e) { // Note: The try catch is there because getFilter has a lot of // declared exceptions. However, the filter is allocated much // earlier } if (isCometFilter) { filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig); } } else { filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig); } } //省略部分代码 // Return the completed filter chain return (filterChain); } 如果是<dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>,那就不添加Filter,默认设置是REQUEST 如果是<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>,添加Filter到FilterChain。 第3步:调用doFilter或者service,代码删减了很多。 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse): public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)throws IOException, ServletException { internalDoFilter(request,response); } org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain#internalDoFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) private void internalDoFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { // Call the next filter if there is one if (pos < n) { filter.doFilter(request, response, this); return; } servlet.service((HttpServletRequest) request,(HttpServletResponse) response); } 如果我对Filter非常了解的,根本就不需要花那么多时间去查看tomcat源代码。只要在web.xml增加一点配置就OK了。 <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher> </filter-mapping> 声明:ITeye文章版权属于作者,受法律保护。没有作者书面许可不得转载。
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发表时间:2009-12-28
先做个记号,以后有需要再仔细研究。谢谢分享。
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发表时间:2009-12-28
多谢分享,确实看源代码理解更容易
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发表时间:2009-12-28
赞,很不错的实践,应该多看源码~
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发表时间:2009-12-28
赞赏楼主的钻研精神,
<filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher> </filter-mapping> 是servlet 2.4规范新添加的 |
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发表时间:2009-12-29
mlw2000 写道 赞赏楼主的钻研精神,
<filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher> </filter-mapping> 是servlet 2.4规范新添加的 是啊,我是把web.xml的DTD版本换成2.4后,才出现自动提示的! |
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发表时间:2009-12-29
mark,有时间再看
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发表时间:2009-12-29
很不错 代码之前无假象 顺便学习了servlet2.4新标准
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发表时间:2009-12-29
好贴,没有时间看源码,这里先学习下,为以后阅读源码打基础。
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发表时间:2009-12-29
mark下,有时间看看
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