hibernate入门篇之新增功能!

版本：hibernate-2.1final。
javaIDE:eclipse 2.1.2
所有文件存放在：com.javamodel.hibernate目录下
Example.java

package com.javamodel.hibernate;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

import net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException;
import net.sf.hibernate.MappingException;
import net.sf.hibernate.Session;
import net.sf.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import net.sf.hibernate.Transaction;
import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;


public class Example{
	
	private static SessionFactory _sessions = null;
	private static Properties pops = new Properties();;
	static{
		try {
			InputStream stream = Example.class.getResourceAsStream("hibernate.properties");;
			try {
				pops.load(stream);;
			} catch (IOException e1); {
				e1.printStackTrace();;
			}
			Configuration cfg = new Configuration();;
			cfg.addClass(Person.class);;
			cfg.setProperties(pops);;
			_sessions = cfg.buildSessionFactory();;
	    } catch (MappingException e); {
		   e.printStackTrace();;
	    } catch (HibernateException e); {
		   e.printStackTrace();;
	    }
	
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args); throws HibernateException {
		
		Person person = new Person();;
		person.setName("smallduzi");;
		person.setEmail("smallduzi@sohu.com");;
		
		Session session = _sessions.openSession();;
		
		Transaction tx = null;
		try{
			tx = session.beginTransaction();;
			session.save(person);;
			tx.commit();;		
		}catch(HibernateException he);{
			if(tx != null); tx.rollback();;
			throw he;
		}
		finally{
			session.close();;
		}
		
	}
	
}

Person.java

package com.javamodel.hibernate;

public class Person {
	
	private String id = null;
	private String name = null;
	private String email = null;	
	
	public Person();{}

	/**
	 * @return
	 */
	public String getEmail(); {
		return email;
	}

	/**
	 * @return
	 */
	public String getId(); {
		return id;
	}

	/**
	 * @return
	 */
	public String getName(); {
		return name;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string
	 */
	public void setEmail(String string); {
		email = string;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string
	 */
	public void setId(String string); {
		id = string;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string
	 */
	public void setName(String string); {
		name = string;
	}

}

Person.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping SYSTEM "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.javamodel.hibernate.Person" table="person">
		<id name="id">
		    <column name="id" length="40"/>
			<generator class="uuid.hex"/>
		</id>
		<property name="name" column="name" />
		<property name="email" column="email" />
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

hibernate.properties

## Oracle

hibernate.dialect net.sf.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect
hibernate.connection.driver_class oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
hibernate.connection.username XXX
hibernate.connection.password XXX
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.0.28:1521:orcl
hibernate.connection.url jdbc:oracle:oci8:@XXX

我没有对他进行进一步的封装。那样初学者可能不理解。
注意：在工程里要引用hibernate的jar。

InputStream stream = Example.class.getResourceAsStream("hibernate.properties");
这个语句是不是没有必要呢？我可以直接把hibernate.properties这个文件放在.\src目录下啊！

条条大路通罗马，不是吗？^-^
例子中那样做是不是更灵活呢？

InputStream stream = Example.class.getResourceAsStream("hibernate.properties");
quote]

这个函数是所有的配置文件都可以读进来么？
我没有用过 帮忙解答一下

相当于io一样，读文件。可以把"hibernate.properties" 启称别的名字如：hibernate_bak.properties等等。

这个例子相当简单，不过对不熟悉hibernate的朋友，应该还有一些难度（我本身就笨笨的）,所以再向还没配置的朋友（大家应该都行吧），做一些解释。

1. 如果对DataBase不熟悉的朋友，可以在import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;后面多import 一行：
import net.sf.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport; // 这个是用来建立Table的。 ^^"

2. 在第30行，cfg.setProperties(pops); 后
加入
/* 这个是建立table的，第1次执行才需要跑，如果想要加入新的资料，此行必须remark起来(就是在前面加入//），否则将会将本来的table全部移除再建立1次....当然DataBase里头的资料也会全部砍光。
*/
new SchemaExport(cfg).create(true, true);

3. hibernate.properties 这个档案在解压缩后的hibernate.jar里头的src里头可以找到，此例子必须把此档案放在和Example.class同一个folder。

4. Person.xml必须放在Person.class同一个folder。

我是在JBuilder里头执行此例子的，如果想要了解如何在JBuilder配置，请参考 十分钟在jb里面运行hibernate的简单例子。我是从这个例子开始进入hibernate的。感谢 getdown 兄。
也很感激 smallduzi 兄写了一系列 hibernate 的讲解。(smallduzi??....small=小，duzi=肚子，小肚子 兄？？...开个玩笑...莫见怪... ^^"）

....................

感谢kitleong的补充！谢谢

我运行是提示错误：

log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Environment);.
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException: The dialect was not set. Set the property hibernate.dialect.
	at net.sf.hibernate.dialect.Dialect.getDialect(Dialect.java:337);
	at net.sf.hibernate.dialect.Dialect.getDialect(Dialect.java:358);
	at net.sf.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport.<init>(SchemaExport.java:57);
	at net.sf.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport.<init>(SchemaExport.java:48);
	at com.javamodel.hibernate.Example.<clinit>(Example.java:31);
java.lang.NullPointerException
	at com.javamodel.hibernate.Example.main(Example.java:47);
Exception in thread "main" 

应该怎样设置log4j;
另外配置hibernate.properties是是否除了自己需要的数据库，其它数据库设置都删除，都该保留哪些默认设置。

log4j 我没有设定，但是可以跑。hibernate.properties中，除了自己要的database之外，其他的可以用#remark起来。要删除也可以。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping SYSTEM "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping>
   <class name="com.hjtx.test.Person" table="person">
      <id name="id" column ="id">
         <generator class="identity"/>
      </id>
      <property name="name" column="name" type="string" length="100" />
      <property name="email" column="email" type="string" length="100" />
   </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

我用sqlserver，出现问题是不能插入数据，出错信息是：
13:42:53,828  INFO Environment:432 - Hibernate 2.1.1
13:42:53,875  INFO Environment:466 - loaded properties from resource hibernate.properties: {hibernate.connection.driver_class=com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver, hibernate.cglib.use_reflection_optimizer=true, hibernate.cache.provider_class=net.sf.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider, hibernate.max_fetch_depth=1, hibernate.dialect=net.sf.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect, hibernate.jdbc.use_streams_for_binary=true, hibernate.jdbc.batch_size=0, hibernate.query.substitutions=true 1, false 0, yes 'Y', no 'N', hibernate.proxool.pool_alias=pool1, hibernate.connection.username=sa, hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://210.91.25.91:1433;DatabaseName=message, hibernate.connection.password=hjtx1234567, hibernate.connection.pool_size=1}
13:42:54,515  INFO Environment:480 - using java.io streams to persist binary types
13:42:54,531  INFO Environment:481 - using CGLIB reflection optimizer
13:42:54,546  INFO Configuration:318 - Mapping resource: com/hjtx/test/Message.hbm.xml
13:42:57,000  INFO Binder:225 - Mapping class: com.hjtx.test.Message -> Message
13:42:57,656  INFO Dialect:82 - Using dialect: net.sf.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect
13:42:57,687  INFO Configuration:584 - processing one-to-many association mappings
13:42:57,687  INFO Configuration:593 - processing one-to-one association property references
13:42:57,687  INFO Configuration:618 - processing foreign key constraints
13:42:58,312  INFO Configuration:584 - processing one-to-many association mappings
13:42:58,359  INFO Configuration:593 - processing one-to-one association property references
13:42:58,406  INFO Configuration:618 - processing foreign key constraints
13:42:58,421  INFO SchemaExport:98 - Running hbm2ddl schema export
13:42:58,421  INFO SchemaExport:117 - exporting generated schema to database
13:42:58,484  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:41 - Using Hibernate built-in connection pool (not for production use!)
13:42:58,484  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:42 - Hibernate connection pool size: 1
13:42:58,562  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:71 - using driver: com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver at URL: jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://210.91.25.91:1433;DatabaseName=message
13:42:58,562  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:72 - connection properties: {user=sa, password=hjtx1234567}
drop table Message
13:42:59,718 DEBUG SchemaExport:132 - drop table Message
13:43:02,125 DEBUG SchemaExport:137 - Unsuccessful: drop table Message
13:43:02,125 DEBUG SchemaExport:138 - [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC][SQLServer]无法 除去 表 'Message'，因为它在系统目录中不存在。
create table Message (
   MESSAGE_ID NUMERIC(19,0) IDENTITY NOT NULL,
   TEXT VARCHAR(100) not null,
   NEXT_MESSAGE VARCHAR(100) null,
   primary key (MESSAGE_ID)
)
13:43:02,125 DEBUG SchemaExport:149 - create table Message (
   MESSAGE_ID NUMERIC(19,0) IDENTITY NOT NULL,
   TEXT VARCHAR(100) not null,
   NEXT_MESSAGE VARCHAR(100) null,
   primary key (MESSAGE_ID)
)
13:43:02,171  INFO SchemaExport:160 - schema export complete
13:43:02,171  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:20 - SQL Warning: 0, SQLState:
13:43:02,171  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:28 - [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC]Database changed to message
13:43:02,171  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:20 - SQL Warning: 0, SQLState:
13:43:02,171  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:28 - [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC][SQLServer]已将数据库上下文改为 'message'。
13:43:02,187  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:20 - SQL Warning: 0, SQLState:
13:43:02,187  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:28 - [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC]Language changed to 简体中文
13:43:02,187  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:20 - SQL Warning: 0, SQLState:
13:43:02,187  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:28 - [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC][SQLServer]已将语言设置改为 简体中文。
13:43:02,187  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:137 - cleaning up connection pool: jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://210.91.25.91:1433;DatabaseName=message
13:43:02,203  INFO Configuration:584 - processing one-to-many association mappings
13:43:02,203  INFO Configuration:593 - processing one-to-one association property references
13:43:02,203  INFO Configuration:618 - processing foreign key constraints
13:43:02,234  INFO Dialect:82 - Using dialect: net.sf.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect
13:43:02,234  INFO SettingsFactory:58 - Maximim outer join fetch depth: 1
13:43:02,250  INFO SettingsFactory:62 - Use outer join fetching: true
13:43:02,250  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:41 - Using Hibernate built-in connection pool (not for production use!)
13:43:02,250  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:42 - Hibernate connection pool size: 1
13:43:02,250  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:71 - using driver: com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver at URL: jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://210.91.25.91:1433;DatabaseName=message
13:43:02,250  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:72 - connection properties: {user=sa, password=hjtx1234567}
13:43:02,281  INFO TransactionManagerLookupFactory:33 - No TransactionManagerLookup configured (in JTA environment, use of process level read-write cache is not recommended)
13:43:02,562  INFO SettingsFactory:89 - Use scrollable result sets: true
13:43:02,562  INFO SettingsFactory:99 - Query language substitutions: {no='N', true=1, yes='Y', false=0}
13:43:02,562  INFO SettingsFactory:110 - cache provider: net.sf.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider
13:43:02,562  INFO Configuration:1057 - instantiating and configuring caches
13:43:03,000  INFO SessionFactoryImpl:119 - building session factory
13:43:04,250  INFO SessionFactoryObjectFactory:82 - no JNDI name configured
13:43:04,500  INFO DriverManagerConnectionProvider:137 - cleaning up connection pool: jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://210.91.25.91:1433;DatabaseName=message
13:43:04,703  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:20 - SQL Warning: 0, SQLState:
13:43:04,703  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:28 - [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC]Database changed to message
13:43:04,703  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:20 - SQL Warning: 0, SQLState:
13:43:04,718  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:28 - [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC][SQLServer]已将数据库上下文改为 'message'。
13:43:04,718  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:20 - SQL Warning: 0, SQLState:
13:43:04,718  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:28 - [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC]Language changed to 简体中文
13:43:04,718  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:20 - SQL Warning: 0, SQLState:
13:43:04,718  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:28 - [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC][SQLServer]已将语言设置改为 简体中文。
类文件：
package com.hjtx.test;

import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import net.sf.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import net.sf.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import net.sf.hibernate.Session;
import net.sf.hibernate.Query;
import net.sf.hibernate.Hibernate;
import net.sf.hibernate.type.LongType;
import net.sf.hibernate.Transaction;
import net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException;

public class test {
  public test() {
  }

  public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
    Configuration cfg = new Configuration().addClass(Message.class);
    new SchemaExport(cfg).create(true, true);

    SessionFactory sessions = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
    Session session = sessions.openSession();
    Transaction tx = null;
    try {
      tx = session.beginTransaction();
      Message message = new Message();
      message.setText("liujun");
      message.setNextMessage("mynextmeaage");
      session.save(message);
      tx.commit();
    }
    catch (HibernateException ex) {
      tx.rollback();
    }
    session.close();
  }
}

请赐教，谢谢！