用Maven构建Java Web开发环境（Jetty容器）之二(转载)

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maven Web Java Eclipse Servlet

目前为止我们还是手工命令行方式执行程序的，没有和IDE结合，其实Maven天生就对Eclipse做了集成，我们使用mvn eclipse:eclipse就得到了一个Eclipse的项目结构，在Eclipse中使用import功能就能直接导入到IDE中了。我们来看一下这个过程：

    此时的demo就是Eclipse项目格式的了，出现了.project和.classpath文件。我们在Eclipse中引入这个项目，此时的 Eclipse没有安装Maven插件，不能自动运行Maven命令，我们来安装Maven的Eclipse插件M2E。

    在Eclipse的Install New Software中直接选择安装即可，非常简单。下面我们来创建Web项目并导入Eclipse中，在Jetty容器中运行程序。首先执行mvn archetype:generate命令创建。

    可以看到，刚创建的web项目结构包含了resources目录，而没有java代码目录，我们需要手工创建，在Eclipse中创建source folder，路径为src/main/java/src，现在我们得到如下一个项目结构，新建一个Servlet用于测试。

    此时，项目中没有Servlet的依赖，需要添加，我们使用m2eclipse插件来直接添加依赖，如下所示：

    相应的XML为：

Xml代码

< dependency >
< groupId > javax.servlet </ groupId >
< artifactId > servlet-api </ artifactId >
< version > 2.5 </ version >
< type > jar </ type >
< scope > compile </ scope >
</ dependency >

    <dependency>
    		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    		<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
    		<version>2.5</version>
    		<type>jar</type>
    		<scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

下面就可以编写Servlet了，很简单，就输出HelloWorld吧。

Java代码

package org.ourpioneer.servlets;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloWorldServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this .process(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this .process(request, response);
}
private void process(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8" );
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8" );
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String title="Webapp Demo" ;
out.println("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\">" );
out.println("<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">" );
out.println("<head>" );
out.println("<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\" />" );
out.println("<title>" + title + "</title>" );
out.println("<body>" );
out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>" );
out.println("</body>" );
out.println("</html>" );
}
}

package org.ourpioneer.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloWorldServlet extends HttpServlet {

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		this.process(request, response);
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		this.process(request, response);
	}

	private void process(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		String title="Webapp Demo";
		out.println("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\">");
		out.println("<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">");
		out.println("<head>");
		out.println("<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\" />");
		out.println("<title>" + title + "</title>");
		out.println("<body>");
		out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
		out.println("</body>");
		out.println("</html>");
	}
}

然后不能忘了在web.xml中配置这个Servlet，这里是Servlet 2.5的规范，不是Servlet 3，不能用注解。这也很简单。

Xml代码

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< web-app version = "2.5" xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
< display-name > Archetype Created Web Application </ display-name >
< servlet >
< servlet-name > helloworld </ servlet-name >
< servlet-class > org.ourpioneer.servlets.HelloWorldServlet </ servlet-class >
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name > helloworld </ servlet-name >
< url-pattern > /helloworld </ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
</ web-app >

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

	<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>helloworld</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.ourpioneer.servlets.HelloWorldServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>

	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>helloworld</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/helloworld</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

程序都有了，剩下就是运行了，Maven既然天生和Jetty是一对儿，这里我们就使用Jetty吧，在Maven中配置Jetty，首先是 webdefault.xml要准备好，它是配置Jetty的，这个可以从Jetty的包中找到，并复制到resources下，这里多说一点，默认 Jetty运行时是锁定JS/CSS等静态文件的，如果想在Jetty运行时也能修改它们，要在webdefault.xml中修改如下设置：

Xml代码

< init-param >
< param-name > useFileMappedBuffer </ param-name >
< param-value > false </ param-value >
</ init-param >

    <init-param>
      <param-name>useFileMappedBuffer</param-name>
      <param-value>false</param-value>
    </init-param>

Jetty也准备了，运行命令是jetty:run，这要在Maven中设置，那么需要在pom.xml中加入Jetty的插件的设置信息。这里直接贴出其整体构建信息。

Xml代码

< build >
< finalName > webapp </ finalName >
< sourceDirectory > src/main/java/src </ sourceDirectory >
< testSourceDirectory > src/test </ testSourceDirectory >
< plugins >
< plugin >
< groupId > org.apache.maven.plugins </ groupId >
< artifactId > maven-compiler-plugin </ artifactId >
< version > 2.0.2 </ version >
< configuration >
< source > 1.6 </ source >
< target > 1.6 </ target >
< encoding > utf-8 </ encoding >
</ configuration >
</ plugin >
< plugin >
< groupId > org.apache.maven.plugins </ groupId >
< artifactId > maven-resources-plugin </ artifactId >
< configuration >
< encoding > UTF-8 </ encoding >
</ configuration >
</ plugin >
< plugin >
< groupId > org.mortbay.jetty </ groupId >
< artifactId > jetty-maven-plugin </ artifactId >
< version > 7.1.6.v20100715 </ version >
< configuration >
< stopKey > stop </ stopKey >
< stopPort > 5599 </ stopPort >
< webAppConfig >
< contextPath > / </ contextPath >
< defaultsDescriptor > src/main/resources/webdefault.xml </ defaultsDescriptor >
</ webAppConfig >
< scanIntervalSeconds > 0 </ scanIntervalSeconds >
< connectors >
< connector implementation = "org.eclipse.jetty.server.nio.SelectChannelConnector" >
< port > 80 </ port >
< maxIdleTime > 60000 </ maxIdleTime >
</ connector >
</ connectors >
</ configuration >
</ plugin >
< plugin >
< groupId > org.apache.maven.plugins </ groupId >
< artifactId > maven-eclipse-plugin </ artifactId >
< version > 2.7 </ version >
< configuration >
< addVersionToProjectName > false </ addVersionToProjectName >
< useProjectReferences > false </ useProjectReferences >
< encoding > UTF-8 </ encoding >
< wtpmanifest > false </ wtpmanifest >
< wtpapplicationxml > true </ wtpapplicationxml >
< wtpversion > 1.5 </ wtpversion >
< additionalBuildcommands >
< buildcommand > org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder </ buildcommand >
< buildcommand > org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.builder </ buildcommand >
< buildcommand > org.eclipse.wst.validation.validationbuilder </ buildcommand >
</ additionalBuildcommands >
< additionalProjectnatures >
< nature > org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature </ nature >
< nature > org.maven.ide.eclipse.maven2Nature </ nature >
< nature > org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.nature </ nature >
< nature > org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature </ nature >
< nature > org.eclipse.wst.common.modulecore.ModuleCoreNature </ nature >
</ additionalProjectnatures >
< classpathContainers >
< classpathContainer > org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER </ classpathContainer >
</ classpathContainers >
</ configuration >
</ plugin >
< plugin >
< groupId > org.apache.maven.plugins </ groupId >
< artifactId > maven-war-plugin </ artifactId >
< version > 2.1-beta-1 </ version >
< configuration >
< warName > webapp </ warName >
</ configuration >
</ plugin >
</ plugins >
</ build >

	<build>
		<finalName>webapp</finalName>
		<sourceDirectory>src/main/java/src</sourceDirectory>
		<testSourceDirectory>src/test</testSourceDirectory>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.0.2</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.6</source>
					<target>1.6</target>
					<encoding>utf-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
				<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>7.1.6.v20100715</version>
				<configuration>
					<stopKey>stop</stopKey>
					<stopPort>5599</stopPort>
					<webAppConfig>
						<contextPath>/</contextPath>
						<defaultsDescriptor>src/main/resources/webdefault.xml</defaultsDescriptor>
					</webAppConfig>
					<scanIntervalSeconds>0</scanIntervalSeconds>
					<connectors>
						<connector implementation="org.eclipse.jetty.server.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
							<port>80</port>
							<maxIdleTime>60000</maxIdleTime>
						</connector>
					</connectors>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.7</version>
				<configuration>
					<addVersionToProjectName>false</addVersionToProjectName>
					<useProjectReferences>false</useProjectReferences>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
					<wtpmanifest>false</wtpmanifest>
					<wtpapplicationxml>true</wtpapplicationxml>
					<wtpversion>1.5</wtpversion>
					<additionalBuildcommands>
						<buildcommand>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder</buildcommand>
						<buildcommand>org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.builder</buildcommand>
						<buildcommand>org.eclipse.wst.validation.validationbuilder</buildcommand>
					</additionalBuildcommands>

					<additionalProjectnatures>
						<nature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</nature>
						<nature>org.maven.ide.eclipse.maven2Nature</nature>
						<nature>org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.nature</nature>
						<nature>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature</nature>
						<nature>org.eclipse.wst.common.modulecore.ModuleCoreNature</nature>
					</additionalProjectnatures>
					<classpathContainers>
						<classpathContainer>org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER</classpathContainer>
					</classpathContainers>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.1-beta-1</version>
				<configuration>
					<warName>webapp</warName>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

    此时，更新一下Maven依赖，它们就都自动下载到本地了，到这个过程结束，我们就可以在Eclipse中配置Debug运行了。配置很简单，如下。

    这是Debug模式运行，Run模式下是一样的，用Debug模式可以在Eclipse中断点运行程序，非常便于调试。下面我们就让它跑起来吧。运行命令是jetty:run，Base directory配置是：${workspace_loc:/应用名}，启动调试，看到如下信息，Jetty就成功启动了。

    这里我们使用了80端口，配置方式在pom.xml中，上面的代码已经体现了。在浏览器中访问地址如下：http://localhost/helloworld，之后，我们就看到了效果。