T-SQL 备份和还原

总结了一些SQL Server常用的备份还原T-SQL 语句,代码基本是支持2005/2008的,不过部分功能需要企业版数据库:

原文地址 http://www.cnblogs.com/bhtfg538/archive/2009/09/14/1566127.html

Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:使用镜像备份
*/

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT);

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1;

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' MIRROR TO DISK='c:\2.bak'
WITH FORMAT,MEDIANAME='MydbMedia';

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T

DROP DATABASE db;
GO

Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:使用多备份设备组成媒体集进行备份还原
*/

--删除已经存在的db数据库
IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db;
GO

--创建数据库db
CREATE DATABASE db;
GO

--创建T表
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));

--插入一条记录
INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES

--首先使用FORMAT启用一个新的媒体标头,然后分别放到3个磁盘中,形成一个备份集,同时命名一个媒体名
BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak'
WITH FORMAT,MEDIANAME='MydbMedia'

--插入一条记录
INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES

--创建一个差异备份,必须强制的与主备份一样的路径(3个磁盘),使用相同的路径的话,可以通过媒体标头区分上文的主备份与现在的差异备份,因为我们使用了NOFORMAT关键字,就是不重新初始化媒体(这也叫追加媒体集).还有加上DIFFERENTIAL以表示是差异备份.还要指定媒体名称
BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak'
WITH NOFORMAT/*或者使用NOINIT,效果一样的哈*/,MEDIANAME='MydbMedia',DIFFERENTIAL;
GO

--还原主备份
RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak'
WITH MEDIANAME='MydbMedia',FILE=1,NORECOVERY,REPLACE;

--还原差异备份(注意FILE=2,因为他标头的备份是属于2顺序的.第一个备份的就是1,依次类推)
RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak',DISK='d:\1.bak',DISK='e:\1.bak'
WITH MEDIANAME='MydbMedia',FILE=2,NORECOVERY;

--数据库在线
RESTORE DATABASE db WITH RECOVERY

--测试记录
SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T
GO


Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:数据库的在线还原（读写文件组完整恢复模式）
*/
IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db
ON PRIMARY
(
    NAME=db_data,
    FILENAME='c:\1.mdf'
),
FILEGROUP FG
(
    NAME=db_data_fg,
    FILENAME='c:\2.ndf'
)
LOG ON
(
    NAME=db_log,
    FILENAME='c:\1.ldf'
)
GO

--在主文件组下创建表T
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON [PRIMARY];

--插入记录
INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1
GO

--主文件组在线,那么就视为数据库在线
--创建文件db_data_fg备份
BACKUP DATABASE db FILE='db_data_fg' TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT

--进行在先还原,指定NORECOVERY 以后,就只能按顺序进行前滚,同时文件离线还原状态.
RESTORE DATABASE db FILE='db_data_fg' FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY

--创建表失败,因为离线
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON fg;

--主文件组不受影响,因为只是FG离线还原,只有企业版才支持哈.这种情况下 生产环境中,不至于数据库全部挂了.
SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

--备份日志,使用COPY_ONLY,因为是要获取的日志是离线状态时候的,COPY_ONLY仅复制备份是在 SQL Server 2005 中引入的，用于在执行特殊目的的备份（例如在联机文件还原前备份日志）时使用
--如果是只读文件的话,明显不会出现差异数据,所以不需要日志备份了
--简单恢复模式的话,日志都不能备份,所以也是一样
--顺便提一句,如果数据库是文件损坏,而且损坏时候都在线,要使用NO_TRUNCATE获取日志
BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,COPY_ONLY;

--恢复LOG
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY

--FG终于在线了,恭喜下,创建一个T1表
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY) ON fg;
GO

DROP DATABASE db;

Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:数据库的段落还原（完整恢复模式）
*/

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db
GO

--创建包含多个文件组的数据库db
CREATE DATABASE db
ON PRIMARY 
(
    NAME=db_data,
    FILENAME='c:\db_data.mdf'
),
FILEGROUP A
(
    NAME=db_data_a,
    FILENAME='c:\db_data_a.ndf'
),
FILEGROUP B
(
    NAME=db_data_b,
    FILENAME='c:\db_data_b.ndf'
),
FILEGROUP C
(
    NAME=db_data_c,
    FILENAME='c:\db_data_c.ndf'
)
LOG ON
(
    NAME=db_log,
    FILENAME='c:\db_log.ldf'    
)
GO

--在主文件组下创建表
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)) ON [PRIMARY];

--备份主文件组PRIMARY
BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='PRIMARY' TO DISK='c:\db_data.bak' WITH FORMAT;

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES

--备份当前日志
BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_data_1.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO

--在B文件组下面创建表
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T1(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1)) ON [B];

--备份文件组B
BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='B' TO DISK='c:\db_data_b_1.bak' WITH FORMAT;

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T1 DEFAULT VALUES

--备份当前日志
BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_data_2.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO

--备份C
BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='C' TO DISK='c:\db_data_c.bak' WITH FORMAT;

--备份A
BACKUP DATABASE db FILEGROUP='A' TO DISK='c:\db_data_a.bak' WITH FORMAT;

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T1 DEFAULT VALUES

--备份当前日志
BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH FORMAT;

GO

--模拟破坏,删除其中一个ndf,然后制定NORECOVERY关键字,使数据库处于RESTOING状态,NO_TRUNCATE表示损坏还能备份
BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH NORECOVERY, NO_TRUNCATE,FORMAT
GO

--首先恢复主文件组,注意现在是段落还原,所以要制定PARTIAL,而且只能出现一次该关键字.
RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='PRIMARY' FROM DISK='c:\db_data.bak' WITH PARTIAL,NORECOVERY;

--恢复所有日志,注意先后顺序,日志是不区分文件组,所以全部都要恢复
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY

--结果正确 ,返回1行记录
SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

--出错,因为段落未还原的文件组,都处于离线状态
SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T1
GO

--恢复A文件组,还原日志,注意顺序,因为LOG的LSN肯定要晚于文件组A的备份
RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='A' FROM DISK='c:\db_data_a.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY
GO

--恢复B文件组,还原日志,注意顺序,因为LOG的LSN肯定要晚于文件组B的备份
RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='B' FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b_1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T1
GO

--恢复C文件组,还原日志,注意顺序,因为LOG的LSN肯定要晚于文件组C的备份
RESTORE DATABASE db FILEGROUP='C' FROM DISK='c:\db_data_c.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_data_b.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\db_log.bak' WITH RECOVERY
GO

--删除测试数据库
DROP DATABASE db
GO

Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:恢复到特定的备份日期
*/

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;
GO

WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:01';

DECLARE @Datetime BINARY(128);
SET @Datetime=CAST(GETDATE() AS BINARY(128));
SET CONTEXT_INFO @Datetime
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;
GO

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

DECLARE @Now DATETIME;
SET @Now=DATEADD(SECOND,-1,(SELECT CAST(CONTEXT_INFO() AS DATETIME)));
--SET @Now=DATEADD(MS,-20,(SELECT CAST(CONTEXT_INFO() AS DATETIME)));

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY,STOPAT=@Now;
GO

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

DROP DATABASE db;
GO

Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:使用日志恢复数据库
*/

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;
GO

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;
GO

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY;
GO

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH RECOVERY;
GO

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T
GO

DROP DATABASE db;

Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:使用NO_TRUNCATE 备份损坏的DB
*/

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db
ON PRIMARY
(
    NAME=db_data,
    FILENAME='c:\db_data.mdf'
),
(
    NAME=db_data1,
    FILENAME='c:\db_data1.ndf'
)
LOG ON
(
    NAME=db_log,
    FILENAME='c:\db_log.log'
);
GO

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES;
GO

--CMD-> net stop mssqlserver
--删除c:\db_data1.ndf 模拟破坏
--CMD-> net start mssqlserver

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,NO_TRUNCATE
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY;
GO

SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T

DROP DATABASE db;
GO

Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:差异备份,日志备份还原
*/

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db
GO

CREATE DATABASE db
GO

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH FORMAT,DIFFERENTIAL
GO

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES
GO

BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH FORMAT
GO

DROP DATABASE db;

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T;
GO

DROP DATABASE db;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH RECOVERY;
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T;

DROP DATABASE db;

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY,REPLACE;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='c:\3.bak' WITH RECOVERY;
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T;

DROP DATABASE db;





Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:还原master数据库
*/

--Bakup master database
BACKUP DATABASE [master] TO DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\master.bak' WITH FORMAT

--Test for creating database
CREATE DATABASE db 
ON PRIMARY
(
    NAME=db_data,
    FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_data.mdf'
)
LOG ON
(
    NAME=db_log,
    FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_log.ldf'
);

--开始菜单->运行->services.msc->找到sqlserver服务以及对应的实例->找到对应服务的路径(F:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Binn\)->在运行中输入cmd->cd 刚才的目录->输入sqlservr.exe -m(单用户模式登录)->然后打开SSMS->新建一个查询(注意只有一个连接,不要连接SSMS数据库引擎了)->然后运行下面的sql

RESTORE DATABASE master FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\master.bak'

--还原db,
CREATE DATABASE db
ON PRIMARY
(
    NAME=db_data,
    FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_data.mdf'
)
LOG ON
(
    NAME=db_log,
    FILENAME='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\db_log.ldf'
)
FOR ATTACH

DROP DATABASE db

Code
--Create test database
CREATE DATABASE db 
GO

--Create test table on database named db
CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T (ID INT PRIMARY KEY);
GO

--Create full backup to disk 'F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak'
BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;
GO

--Begin a marked transaction "Tran1"
BEGIN TRAN Tran1 WITH MARK

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T SELECT 1

COMMIT TRAN Tran1

--Backup the transaction log to disk 'F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak'
BACKUP LOG db TO DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' WITH FORMAT
GO

DROP DATABASE db;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' WITH STOPBEFOREMARK='Tran1';
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T


DROP DATABASE db;
GO

RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;
GO

RESTORE LOG db FROM DISK='F:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\2.bak' WITH STOPATMARK='Tran1';
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T

DROP DATABASE db

Code
/*
Author:Terry.Sai.M.J 浪客 
Location:BeiJing
DateTime:GETDATE()
Description:使用同一个媒体簇来保存不同数据库的备份
*/
CREATE DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db1;
GO

CREATE TABLE db.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));

INSERT INTO db.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES

CREATE TABLE db1.dbo.T(ID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1));

INSERT INTO db1.dbo.T DEFAULT VALUES

--备份db,先清空媒体标头等其他媒体信息
BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH FORMAT;

--备份数据库db1,使用NOFORMAT,保存现在备份1.bak的媒体信息.
BACKUP DATABASE db1 TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NOFORMAT;

--指定FILE=1还原,因为db先备份
RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE,FILE=1;


--指定FILE=2还原,因为db1后备份
RESTORE DATABASE db1 FROM DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH RECOVERY,REPLACE,FILE=2;

--测试
SELECT * FROM db.dbo.T
UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM db1.dbo.T
GO

--删除实例数据库
DROP DATABASE db,db1
GO



Code
/*
Description:快照备份还原
*/

IF DB_ID('db_snapshot') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db_snapshot
GO

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db
GO

CREATE DATABASE db;
GO

SELECT 1 col INTO db.dbo.T



CREATE DATABASE db_snapshot ON
(
    NAME='db',--原数据库文件名
    FILENAME='c:\db_data.mdf'
)
AS SNAPSHOT OF db

--Backup From Snapshot
--GO
RESTORE DATABASE db FROM DATABASE_SNAPSHOT = 'db_snapshot' WITH REPLACE,RECOVERY
GO

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db.dbo.T

DROP DATABASE db_snapshot,db



Code
/*
Description:2008 压缩备份
*/
--查询数据库配置
SELECT * FROM sys.configurations order by name 

--设置
EXEC sp_configure 'backup compression default',1
RECONFIGURE
GO

IF DB_ID('db') IS NOT NULL
    DROP DATABASE db;
GO

CREATE DATABASE db;
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\1.bak' WITH NO_COMPRESSION
GO

BACKUP DATABASE db TO DISK='c:\2.bak' WITH COMPRESSION
GO

--比较下大小1.bak,2.bak  分别是:1,491kb 148kb
DROP DATABASE db;