数据库管理员日常工作中必备的sql列表

   --监控索引是否使用

    alter index &index_name monitoring usage;
　　alter index &index_name nomonitoring usage;
　　select * from v$object_usage where index_name = &index_name;

　　--求数据文件的I/O分布

　　select df.name,phyrds,phywrts,phyblkrd,phyblkwrt,singleblkrds,readtim,writetim
　　from v$filestat fs,v$dbfile df
　　where fs.file#=df.file# order by df.name;

　　--求某个隐藏参数的值

　　col ksppinm format a54
　　col ksppstvl format a54
　　select ksppinm, ksppstvl
　　from x$ksppi pi, x$ksppcv cv
　　where cv.indx=pi.indx and pi.ksppinm like '\_%' escape '\' and pi.ksppinm like '%meer%';

　　--求系统中较大的latch

　　select name,sum(gets),sum(misses),sum(sleeps),sum(wait_time)
　　from v$latch_children
　　group by name having sum(gets) > 50 order by 2;

　　--求归档日志的切换频率(生产系统可能时间会很长)

　　select start_recid,start_time,end_recid,end_time,minutes from (select test.*, rownum as rn
　　from (select b.recid start_recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') start_time,
　　a.recid end_recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') end_time,round(((a.first_time-b.first_time)*24)*60,2) minutes
　　from v$log_history a,v$log_history b where a.recid=b.recid+1 and b.first_time > sysdate - 1
　　order by a.first_time desc) test) y where y.rn < 30

　　--求回滚段正在处理的事务

　　select a.name,b.xacts,c.sid,c.serial#,d.sql_text
　　from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b,v$session c,v$sqltext d,v$transaction e
　　where a.usn=b.usn and b.usn=e.xidusn and c.taddr=e.addr
　　and c.sql_address=d.address and c.sql_hash_value=d.hash_value order by a.name,c.sid,d.piece;

　　--求出无效的对象

　　select 'alter procedure '||object_name||' compile;'
　　from dba_objects
　　where status='INVALID' and wner='&' and object_type in ('PACKAGE','PACKAGE BODY');
　　/
　　select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objects where status='INVALID';

　　--求process/session的状态

　　select p.pid,p.spid,s.program,s.sid,s.serial#
　　from v$process p,v$session s where s.paddr=p.addr;

　　--求当前session的状态

　　select sn.name,ms.value
　　from v$mystat ms,v$statname sn
　　where ms.statistic#=sn.statistic# and ms.value > 0;

　　--求表的索引信息

　　select ui.table_name,ui.index_name
　　from user_indexes ui,user_ind_columns uic
　　where ui.table_name=uic.table_name and ui.index_name=uic.index_name
　　and ui.table_name like '&table_name%' and uic.column_name='&column_name';

　　--显示表的外键信息

　　col search_condition format a54
　　select table_name,constraint_name
　　from user_constraints
　　where constraint_type ='R' and constraint_name in (select constraint_name from user_cons_columns where column_name='&1');
　　select rpad(child.table_name,25,' ') child_tablename,
　　rpad(cp.column_name,17,' ') referring_column,rpad(parent.table_name,25,' ') parent_tablename,
　　rpad(pc.column_name,15,' ') referred_column,rpad(child.constraint_name,25,' ') constraint_name
　　from user_constraints child,user_constraints parent,
　　user_cons_columns cp,user_cons_columns pc
　　where child.constraint_type = 'R' and child.r_constraint_name = parent.constraint_name and
　　child.constraint_name = cp.constraint_name and parent.constraint_name = pc.constraint_name and
　　cp.position = pc.position and child.table_name ='&table_name'
　　order by child.owner,child.table_name,child.constraint_name,cp.position;


　　--显示表的分区及子分区(user_tab_subpartitions)

　　col table_name format a16
　　col partition_name format a16
　　col high_value format a81
　　select table_name,partition_name,HIGH_VALUE from user_tab_partitions where table_name='&table_name'

　　--使用dbms_xplan生成一个执行计划

　　explain plan set statement_id = '&sql_id' for &sql;
　　select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

　　--求某个事务的重做信息(bytes)

　　select s.name,m.value
　　from v$mystat m,v$statname s
　　where m.statistic#=s.statistic# and s.name like '%redo size%';

　　--求cache中缓存超过其5%的对象

　　select o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name,count(b.objd)
　　from v$bh b,dba_objects o
　　where b.objd = o.object_id
　　group by o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name
　　having count(b.objd) > (select to_number(value)*0.05 from v$parameter where name = 'db_block_buffers');

　　--求谁阻塞了某个session(10g)

　　select sid, username, event, blocking_session,
　　seconds_in_wait, wait_time
　　from v$session where state in ('WAITING') and wait_class != 'Idle';

　　--求session的OS进程ID

　　col program format a54
　　select p.spid "OS Thread", b.name "Name-User", s.program
　　from v$process p, v$session s, v$bgprocess b
　　where p.addr = s.paddr and p.addr = b.paddr
　　UNION ALL
　　select p.spid "OS Thread", s.username "Name-User", s.program
　　from v$process p, v$session s where p.addr = s.paddr and s.username is not null;

　　--查会话的阻塞

　　col user_name format a32
　　select /*+ rule */ lpad(' ',decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0))||l.oracle_username user_name, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
　　from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s
　　where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid order by o.object_id,xidusn desc ;
　　col username format a15
　　col lock_level format a8
　　col owner format a18
　　col object_name format a32
　　select /*+ rule */ s.username, decode(l.type,'tm','table lock', 'tx','row lock', null) lock_level, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
　　from v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o
　　where l.sid = s.sid and l.id1 = o.object_id(+) and s.username is not null ;

　　--求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息

　　select se.sid,s.username,se.event,se.total_waits,se.time_waited,se.average_wait
　　from v$session s,v$session_event se
　　where s.username is not null and se.sid=s.sid and s.status='ACTIVE' and se.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;
　　select s.sid,s.username,sw.event,sw.wait_time,sw.state,sw.seconds_in_wait
　　from v$session s,v$session_wait sw
　　where s.username is not null and sw.sid=s.sid and sw.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;

　　--求会话等待的file_id/block_id

　　col event format a24
　　col p1text format a12
　　col p2text format a12
　　col p3text format a12
　　select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
　　from v$session_wait
　　where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%' order by event;
　　select name,wait_time from v$latch l where exists (select 1 from (select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
　　from v$session_wait
　　where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%'
　　) x where x.p1= l.latch#);


　　--求会话等待的对象

　　col owner format a18
　　col segment_name format a32
　　col segment_type format a32
　　select owner,segment_name,segment_type
　　from dba_extents
　　where file_id = &file_id and &block_id between block_id and block_id + blocks - 1;

　　--求buffer cache中的块信息

　　select o.OBJECT_TYPE, substr(o.OBJECT_NAME,1,10) objname , b.objd , b.status, count(b.objd)
　　from v$bh b, dba_objects o
　　where b.objd = o.data_object_id and o.owner = '&1' group by o.object_type, o.object_name,b.objd, b.status ;

　　--求日志文件的空间使用

　　select le.leseq current_log_sequence#, 100*cp.cpodr_bno/le.lesiz percentage_full
　　from x$kcccp cp,x$kccle le
　　where le.leseq =cp.cpodr_seq;

　　--求等待中的对象

　　select /*+rule */ s.sid, s.username, w.event, o.owner, o.segment_name, o.segment_type,
　　o.partition_name, w.seconds_in_wait seconds, w.state
　　from v$session_wait w, v$session s, dba_extents o
　　where w.event in (select name from v$event_name where parameter1 = 'file#'
　　and parameter2 = 'block#' and name not like 'control%')
　　and o.owner <> 'sys' and w.sid = s.sid and w.p1 = o.file_id and w.p2 >= o.block_id and w.p2 < o.block_id + o.blocks

　　--求当前事务的重做尺寸

　　select value
　　from v$mystat, v$statname
　　where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic# and v$statname.name = 'redo size';

　　--唤醒smon去清除临时段

　　column pid new_value Smon
　　set termout off
　　select p.pid from sys.v_$bgprocess b,sys.v_$process p where b.name = 'SMON' and p.addr = b.paddr
　　/
　　set termout on
　　oradebug wakeup &Smon
　　undefine Smon

　　--求回退率

　　select b.value/(a.value + b.value),a.value,b.value from v$sysstat a,v$sysstat b
　　where a.statistic#=4 and b.statistic#=5;

　　--求DISK READ较多的SQL

　　select st.sql_text from v$sql s,v$sqltext st
　　where s.address=st.address and s.hash_value=st.hash_value and s.disk_reads > 300;

　　--求DISK SORT严重的SQL

　　select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks
　　from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1
　　where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num
　　and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address
　　and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value and sort1.blocks > 200;

　　--求对象的创建代码

　　column column_name format a36
　　column sql_text format a99
　　select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','&1') from dual;
　　select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX','&1') from dual;

　　--求表的索引

　　set linesize 131
　　select a.index_name,a.column_name,b.status, b.index_type
　　from user_ind_columns a,user_indexes b
　　where a.index_name=b.index_name and a.table_name='&1';

　　求索引中行数较多的

　　select index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where num_rows > 10000 and blevel > 0
　　select table_name,index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where status <> 'VALID'



--求当前会话的SID，SERIAL#

　　select sid, serial# from v$session where audsid = SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID');


　　--求表空间的未用空间

　　col mbytes format 9999.9999
　　select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mbytes from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;

　　--求表中定义的触发器

　　select table_name,index_type,index_name,uniqueness from user_indexes where table_name='&1';
　　select trigger_name from user_triggers where table_name='&1';

　　--求未定义索引的表

　　select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in (select table_name from user_ind_columns);

　　--执行常用的过程

　　exec print_sql('select count(*) from tab');
　　exec show_space2('table_name');

　　--求free memory

　　select * from v$sgastat where name='free memory';
　　select a.name,sum(b.value) from v$statname a,v$sesstat b where a.statistic# = b.statistic# group by a.name;

　　查看一下谁在使用那个可以得回滚段，或者查看一下某个可以得用户在使用回滚段，找出领回滚段不断增长的事务，再看看如何处理它，是否可以将它commit，再不行就看能否kill它,查看当前正在使用的回滚段的用户信息和回滚段信息:

　　set linesize 121
　　SELECT r.name "ROLLBACK SEGMENT NAME ",l.sid "ORACLE PID",p.spid "SYSTEM PID ",s.username "ORACLE USERNAME"
　　FROM v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s
　　WHERE l.sid = p.pid(+) AND s.sid=l.sid AND TRUNC(l.id1(+)/65536) = r.usn AND l.type(+) = 'TX' AND l.lmode(+) = 6 ORDER BY r.name;

　　--查看用户的回滚段的信息

　　select s.username, rn.name from v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollstat r, v$rollname rn
　　where s.saddr = t.ses_addr and t.xidusn = r.usn and r.usn = rn.usn

　　--生成执行计划

　　explain plan set statement_id='a1' for &1;

　　--查看执行计划

　　select lpad(' ',2*(level-1))||operation operation,options,OBJECT_NAME,position from plan_table
　　start with id=0 and statement_id='a1' connect by prior id=parent_id and statement_id='a1'

　　--查看内存中存的使用

　　select decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback') "Class",
　　sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1)) "Not Dirty",sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0)) "Dirty",
　　sum(dirty_queue) "On Dirty",count(*) "Total"
　　from x$bh group by decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback');

　　--查看表空间状态

　　select tablespace_name,extent_management,segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces;
　　select table_name,freelists,freelist_groups from user_tables;

　　--查看系统请求情况

　　SELECT DECODE (name, 'summed dirty write queue length', value)/
　　DECODE (name, 'write requests', value) "Write Request Length"
　　FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ( 'summed dirty queue length', 'write requests') and value>0;

　　--计算data buffer命中率

　　select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
　　round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
　　from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
　　where a.statistic# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# = 42;
　　SELECT name, (1-(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets)))*100 H_RATIO FROM v$buffer_pool_statistics;

　　--查看内存使用情况

　　select least(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_used,
　　max(b.value)/(1024*1024) shared_pool_size,greatest(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))-(sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_avail,((sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))/(max(b.value)/(1024*1024)))*100 avail_pool_pct
　　from v$sgastat a, v$parameter b where (a.pool='shared pool' and a.name not in ('free memory')) and b.name='shared_pool_size';


　　--查看用户使用内存情况

　　select username, sum(sharable_mem), sum(persistent_mem), sum(runtime_mem)
　　from sys.v_$sqlarea a, dba_users b
　　where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id group by username;

　　--查看对象的缓存情况

　　select OWNER,NAMESPACE,TYPE,NAME,SHARABLE_MEM,LOADS,EXECUTIONS,LOCKS,PINS,KEPT
　　from v$db_object_cache where type not in ('NOT LOADED','NON-EXISTENT','VIEW','TABLE','SEQUENCE')
　　and executions>0 and loads>1 and kept='NO' order by owner,namespace,type,executions desc;
　　select type,count(*) from v$db_object_cache group by type;

　　--查看库缓存命中率

　　select namespace,gets, gethitratio*100 gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio*100 pinhitratio,RELOADS,INVALIDATIONS from v$librarycache

　　--查看某些用户的hash

　　select a.username, count(b.hash_value) total_hash,count(b.hash_value)-count(unique(b.hash_value)) same_hash,
　　(count(unique(b.hash_value))/count(b.hash_value))*100 u_hash_ratio
　　from dba_users a, v$sqlarea b where a.user_id=b.parsing_user_id group by a.username;

　　--查看字典命中率

　　select (sum(getmisses)/sum(gets)) ratio from v$rowcache;

　　--查看undo段的使用情况

　　SELECT d.segment_name,extents,optsize,shrinks,aveshrink,aveactive,d.status
　　FROM v$rollname n,v$rollstat s,dba_rollback_segs d
　　WHERE d.segment_id=n.usn(+) and d.segment_id=s.usn(+);

　　--无效的对象

　　select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
　　select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints where status='INVALID';

　　--求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪

　　select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1;
　　exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,true);
　　exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,false);

　　--求出锁定的对象

　　select do.object_name,session_id,process,locked_mode
　　from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do where lo.object_id=do.object_id;

　　--求当前session的跟踪文件

　　SELECT p1.value || '/' || p2.value || '_ora_' || p.spid || '.ora' filename
　　FROM v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameter p2
　　WHERE p1.name = 'user_dump_dest' AND p2.name = 'instance_name'
　　AND p.addr = s.paddr AND s.audsid = USERENV('SESSIONID') AND p.background is null AND instr(p.program,'CJQ') = 0;

　　--求对象所在的文件及块号

　　select segment_name,header_file,header_block
　　from dba_segments where segment_name like '&1';

　　--求对象发生事务时回退段及块号

　　select a.segment_name,a.header_file,a.header_block
　　from dba_segments a,dba_rollback_segs b
　　where a.segment_name=b.segment_name and b.segment_id='&1'

　　--9i的在线重定义表

　　/*如果在线重定义的表没有主键需要创建主键*/
　　exec dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement');
　　create table anno2 as select * from announcement
　　exec dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
　　exec dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
　　exec dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
　　drop table anno2
　　exec dbms_redefinition.abort_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');


　　--常用的logmnr脚本(cybercafe)

　　exec sys.dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename =>'esal',dictionary_location =>'/home/oracle/logmnr');
　　exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_24050.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.new);
　　exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22912.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
　　exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22913.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
　　exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22914.dbf', ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
　　exec sys.dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'/home/oracle/logmnr/esal.ora');
　　create table logmnr2 as select * from v$logmnr_contents;

　　--与权限相关的字典

　　ALL_COL_PRIVS表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
　　ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE表示列上的授权，用户是属主和被授予者
　　ALL_COL_RECD表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
　　ALL_TAB_PRIVS表示对象上的授权，用户是PUBLIC或被授予者或用户是属主
　　ALL_TAB_PRIVS_MADE表示对象上的权限，用户是属主或授予者
　　ALL_TAB_PRIVS_RECD表示对象上的权限,用户是PUBLIC或被授予者
　　DBA_COL_PRIVS数据库列上的所有授权
　　DBA_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予用户或其他角色的角色
　　DBA_SYS_PRIVS已授予用户或角色的系统权限
　　DBA_TAB_PRIVS数据库对象上的所有权限
　　ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予用户的角色
　　ROLE_SYS_PRIVS显示通过角色授予用户的系统权限
　　ROLE_TAB_PRIVS显示通过角色授予用户的对象权限
　　SESSION_PRIVS显示用户现在可利用的所有系统权限
　　USER_COL_PRIVS显示列上的权限，用户是属主、授予者或被授予者
　　USER_COL_PRIVS_MADE显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或授予者
　　USER_COL_PRIVS_RECD显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或被授予者
　　USER_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有角色
　　USER_SYS_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有系统权限
　　USER_TAB_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有对象权限
　　USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是属主
　　USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是被授予者

　　--如何用dbms_stats分析表及模式？

　　exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,
　　method_opt => 'for all columns size auto',degree=> DBMS_STATS.DEFAULT_DEGREE);
　　exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,cascade=>true);
　　/*
　　FOR ALL [INDEXED | HIDDEN] COLUMNS [size_clause]
　　FOR COLUMNS [size clause] column|attribute [size_clause] [,column|attribute [size_clause]...],
　　where size_clause is defined as size_clause := SIZE {integer | REPEAT | AUTO | SKEWONLY}
　　integer--Number of histogram buckets. Must be in the range [1,254].
　　REPEAT--Collects histograms only on the columns that already have histograms.
　　AUTO--Oracle determines the columns to collect histograms based on data distribution and the workload of the columns.
　　SKEWONLY--Oracle determines the columns to collect histograms based on the data distribution of the columns
　　*/