Linux下调整根目录的空间大小

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一、目的

在使用CentOS6.3版本linux系统的时候，发现根目录(/)的空间不是很充足，而其他目录空间有很大的空闲，所以本文主要是针对现在已有的空间进行调整。首先，先来查看一下系统的空间分配情况：

[plain] view plaincopyprint?
01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# df -h
02.Filesystem            Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
03./dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root
04.                       50G   14G   34G 30% /
05.tmpfs                 1.9G     0 1.9G   0% /dev/shm
06./dev/sda1             485M   37M 423M   8% /boot
07./dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home
08.                      404G 670M 382G   1% /home
下面的详细步骤部分将从vg_centos-lv_home分区下取出100G的空间添加到/vg_centos-lv_root分区上去。

二、详细步骤

1、卸载vg_centos-lv_home分区

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01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# umount /home
此时在用df命令查看将会发现/home目录已经看不见了，如下所示：

[plain] view plaincopyprint?
01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# df -h
02.Filesystem            Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
03./dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root
04.                       50G   14G   34G 30% /
05.tmpfs                 1.9G     0 1.9G   0% /dev/shm
06./dev/sda1             485M   37M 423M   8% /boot

2、从新设定vg_home-lv_home的大小

[plain] view plaincopyprint?
01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home 282G
02.resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
03.Please run 'e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home' first.
这一步设定vg_home-lv_home大小没有成功，系统提示我们先运行下面的命令，操作如下：

[plain] view plaincopyprint?
01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home
02.e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
03.Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
04.Pass 2: Checking directory structure
05.Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
06.Pass 4: Checking reference counts
07.Pass 5: Checking group summary information
08./dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home: 1386/26836992 files (0.9% non-contiguous), 1855856/107344896 blocks
从新设定vg_home-lv_home的大小：

[plain] view plaincopyprint?
01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home 282G
02.resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
03.Resizing the filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home to 73924608 (4k) blocks.
04.Begin pass 2 (max = 43)
05.Relocating blocks             XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
06.Begin pass 3 (max = 3276)
07.Scanning inode table          XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
08.Begin pass 4 (max = 266)
09.Updating inode references     XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
10.The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home is now 73924608 blocks long.
检查是否成功：

[plain] view plaincopyprint?
01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# mount /home
02.[root@CentOS-78 /]#
03.[root@CentOS-78 /]# df -h
04.Filesystem            Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
05./dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root
06.                       50G   14G   34G 30% /
07.tmpfs                 1.9G     0 1.9G   0% /dev/shm
08./dev/sda1             485M   37M 423M   8% /boot
09./dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home
10.                      278G 663M 263G   1% /home
11.[root@CentOS-78 /]#
3、将lv_home逻辑分区减小到指定大小

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01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# lvreduce -L 282G /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home
02. WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 282.00 GiB
03. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
04.Do you really want to reduce lv_home? [y/n]: y
05. Reducing logical volume lv_home to 282.00 GiB
06. Logical volume lv_home successfully resized
07.[root@CentOS-78 /]#
我认为这个命令是将已经减少的100G空间拿到系统公共的区域，可以被其他分区加载和利用。

查询卷组的信息：

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01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# vgdisplay
02. --- Volume group ---
03. VG Name               vg_centos
04. System ID
05. Format                lvm2
06. Metadata Areas        1
07. Metadata Sequence No 5
08. VG Access             read/write
09. VG Status             resizable
10. MAX LV                0
11. Cur LV                3
12. Open LV               3
13. Max PV                0
14. Cur PV                1
15. Act PV                1
16. VG Size               465.27 GiB
17. PE Size               4.00 MiB
18. Total PE              119109
19. Alloc PE / Size       86472 / 337.78 GiB
20. Free PE / Size       32637 / 127.49 GiB
21. VG UUID               1k4ooN-RFV9-uyf1-uMYf-aERG-YaGs-ZNoSD6

Free PE / Size指定的应该是现在可在分配的空间。
4、增加vg_centos-lv_root分区的大小
将可用的空间添加到vg_centos-lv_root分区上面：

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01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# lvextend -L +127.40G /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root
02. Rounding up size to full physical extent 127.40 GiB
03. Extending logical volume lv_root to 177.40 GiB
04. Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
05.[root@CentOS-78 /]#
从新设定该分区的大小：

[plain] view plaincopyprint?
01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root
02.resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
03.Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
04.old desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 12
05.Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root to 46504960 (4k) blocks.
06.The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root is now 46504960 blocks long.
5、再次查看分区大小

[plain] view plaincopyprint?
01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# df -h
02.Filesystem            Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
03./dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root
04.                      175G   14G 153G   9% /
05.tmpfs                 1.9G     0 1.9G   0% /dev/shm
06./dev/sda1             485M   37M 423M   8% /boot
07./dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home
08.                      278G 663M 263G   1% /home
我们发现vg_centos-lv_root分区的空间已经增加了125G，之所以比lv_home减少的空间要多25G主要是由于我们把系统所有的可用的空间都加在了lv_root分区。

三、所遇到的问题

1、在卸载/home目录的时候失败

可先执行如下fuser命令，然后再umount即可：

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01.[root@CentOS-78 /]# fuser -m /home
02.[root@CentOS-78 /]#
2、设定完lv_home的大小，再次mount该分区时，发现用df命令无法看到给分区，此时只要在mount一次即可

3、在设定lv_root的大小时，不要把Free PE / Size的空间全部都用上，这很可能会出现Free PE空间不足的现象，建议保留一点Free PE的空间。

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参考：

http://hi.baidu.com/%B7%E7%B6%C0/blog/item/c4aa9a81b204dbc89023d956.html

http://qianxunniao.iteye.com/blog/1393726

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