汇编7——常用指令

高级语言经编译器编译生成后，最终会生成机器语言，汇编指令与机器语言又是对应的。所以汇编指令与高级语言语言定义存在一定的关系。

如：CALL、RET组合相当于方法调用。

LOOP、LOOPE、LOOPZ、LOOPNE、LOOPNZ、JCXZ、JECXZ循环执行指令。

INT、INTO、IRET中断，与并发执行和调试等有关。
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1.通用数据传送指令. 
MOV----> move 
MOVSX---->extended move with sign data 
MOVZX---->extended move with zero data 
PUSH---->push 
POP---->pop 
PUSHA---->push all 
POPA---->pop all 
PUSHAD---->push all data 
POPAD---->pop all data 
BSWAP---->byte swap 
XCHG---->exchange 
CMPXCHG---->compare and change 
XADD---->exchange and add 
XLAT---->translate 
2.输入输出端口传送指令. 
IN---->input 
OUT---->output 
3.目的地址传送指令. 
LEA---->load effective address 
LDS---->load DS 
LES---->load ES 
LFS---->load FS 
LGS---->load GS 
LSS---->load SS 
4.标志传送指令. 
LAHF---->load AH from flag 
SAHF---->save AH to flag 
PUSHF---->push flag 
POPF---->pop flag 
PUSHD---->push dflag 
POPD---->pop dflag 

二、算术运算指令 
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ADD---->add 
ADC---->add with carry 
INC---->increase 1 
AAA---->ascii add with adjust 
DAA---->decimal add with adjust 
SUB---->substract 
SBB---->substract with borrow 
DEC---->decrease 1 
NEC---->negative 
CMP---->compare 
AAS---->ascii adjust on substract 
DAS---->decimal adjust on substract 
MUL---->multiplication 
IMUL---->integer multiplication 
AAM---->ascii adjust on multiplication 
DIV---->divide 
IDIV---->integer divide 
AAD---->ascii adjust on divide 
CBW---->change byte to word 
CWD---->change word to double word 
CWDE---->change word to double word with sign to EAX 
CDQ---->change double word to quadrate word 

三、逻辑运算指令 
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AND---->and 
OR---->or 
XOR---->xor 
NOT---->not 
TEST---->test 
SHL---->shift left 
SAL---->arithmatic shift left 
SHR---->shift right 
SAR---->arithmatic shift right 
ROL---->rotate left 
ROR---->rotate right 
RCL---->rotate left with carry 
RCR---->rotate right with carry 

四、串指令 
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MOVS---->move string 
CMPS---->compare string 
SCAS---->scan string 
LODS---->load string 
STOS---->store string 
REP---->repeat 
REPE---->repeat when equal 
REPZ---->repeat when zero flag 
REPNE---->repeat when not equal 
REPNZ---->repeat when zero flag 
REPC---->repeat when carry flag 
REPNC---->repeat when not carry flag 

五、程序转移指令 
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1>无条件转移指令(长转移) 
JMP---->jump 
CALL---->call 
RET---->return 
RETF---->return far 
2>条件转移指令(短转移,-128到+127的距离内) 
JAE---->jump when above or equal 
JNB---->jump when not below 
JB---->jump when below 
JNAE---->jump when not above or equal 
JBE---->jump when below or equal 
JNA---->jump when not above 
JG---->jump when greater 
JNLE---->jump when not less or equal 
JGE---->jump when greater or equal 
JNL---->jump when not less 
JL---->jump when less 
JNGE---->jump when not greater or equal 
JLE---->jump when less or equal 
JNG---->jump when not greater 
JE---->jump when equal 
JZ---->jump when has zero flag 
JNE---->jump when not equal 
JNZ---->jump when not has zero flag 
JC---->jump when has carry flag 
JNC---->jump when not has carry flag 
JNO---->jump when not has overflow flag 
JNP---->jump when not has parity flag 
JPO---->jump when parity flag is odd 
JNS---->jump when not has sign flag 
JO---->jump when has overflow flag 
JP---->jump when has parity flag 
JPE---->jump when parity flag is even 
JS---->jump when has sign flag 
3>循环控制指令(短转移) 
LOOP---->loop 
LOOPE---->loop equal 
LOOPZ---->loop zero 
LOOPNE---->loop not equal 
LOOPNZ---->loop not zero 
JCXZ---->jump when CX is zero 
JECXZ---->jump when ECX is zero 
4>中断指令 
INT---->interrupt 
INTO---->overflow interrupt 
IRET---->interrupt return 
5>处理器控制指令 
HLT---->halt 
WAIT---->wait 
ESC---->escape 
LOCK---->lock 
NOP---->no operation 
STC---->set carry 
CLC---->clear carry 
CMC---->carry make change 
STD---->set direction 
CLD---->clear direction 
STI---->set interrupt 
CLI---->clear interrupt 

六、伪指令 
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DW---->definw word 
PROC---->procedure 
ENDP---->end of procedure 
SEGMENT---->segment 
ASSUME---->assume 
ENDS---->end segment 
END---->end