linux 操作系统如何添加硬盘

fdisk -l 查看分区

 

在 Linux 下设备文件放在 /dev 目录下。

IDE 硬盘 第一块 /dev/hda 、第二块硬盘 /dev/hdb 、第三块 /dev/hdc.

SCSI 硬盘 第一块 /dev/sda 、第二块硬盘 /dev/sdb 、第三块 /dev/sdc

Hp raid or cpq array ( 这一点要注意 ).

第一个 logic driver /dev/cciss/c0d0

第二个 logic driver /dev/cciss/c0d1

以添加 SCSI 硬盘为例：

[root@linux /]# fdisk /dev/sdb 用 fdisk 工具来创建新的分区

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor  Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won"t be recoverable.

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 17366.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups  cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): m 显示主菜单

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition"s system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

 

Command (m for help): n 创建新分区

Command action

e extended 扩展的分区

p primary partition (1-4) 主分区

p 创建主分区

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-17366, default 1): 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-17366, default 17366): +10000M 选择分区大小

 

Command (m for help): w 保存退出

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@linux /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 将我创建的第一个分区 sdb1 格式化

mke2fs 1.27 ( 8-Mar-2002 )

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

1281696 inodes, 2560252 blocks

128012 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

79 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16224 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

 

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@linux /]# mkdir /new 创建一个根目录

[root@linux /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /new 将 sdb1 分区 mount to /new

[root@linux /]# fdisk -l 查看分区信息

Disk /dev/sda: 64 heads, 32 sectors, 17366 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 bytes

 

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 100 102384 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 101 12100 12288000 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 12101 16100 4096000 83 Linux

/dev/sda4 16101 17366 1296384 f Win95 Ext"d (LBA)

/dev/sda5 16101 16866 784368 82 Linux swap

/dev/sda6 16867 17366 511984 83 Linux

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 64 heads, 32 sectors, 17366 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 bytes

 

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 10001 10241008 83 Linux

[root@linux /]# df 查看分区信息

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 12095032 2919684 8560948 26% /

/dev/sda1 99134 17861 76154 19% /boot

/dev/sda3 4031680 32968 3793912 1% /home

none 127688 0 127688 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda6 495828 153957 316272 33% /var

/dev/sdb1 10080092 32828 9535216 1% /new

[root@linux /]#

 

到这里我们工作已接近尾声了,不过我们如果这样就结束的话,我们每次重新启动服务器后都要进行手工挂载,这样很麻烦,我们需要修改/etc/fstab文件来进行自动挂载.

　　#vi /etc/fstab

　　在文件的末尾填加如下内容：

　　/dev/sdb1 /www ext3 defaults 1 2

　　如有多个分区可修改sdb1和/www,修改完后保存,重起服务器.

　　到此我们添加新硬盘的工作结束了.