让MYSQL彻底支持中文

提要：系统自带的mysql默认字符集不是gbk,因此给数据库的推广应用以及中文程序的开发带来极大的不便,在没完没了的GBK和UTF8的转换过程中消耗了我们无数的精力以及系统的资源.经过摸索尝试解决了中文支持问题,经验与大家分享一下.

   先将让slack支持中文,方法可以看"linuxsir.org 之Slackware讨论区",然后重新编译mysql,原来系统mysql的要先用卸载.
login:root

shell> removepkg mysql
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> cd /app
shell> mkdir mysql
shell> chmod 744 mysql
shell> useradd -G mysql -s /bin/bash –p /app/mysql mysql
shell> chown -R mysql.mysql mysql

下载mysql4.x.x

shell> gunzip < mysql-VERSION.tar.gz | tar -xvf -
shell> cd mysql-VERSION
shell> CFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=pentium3" \
CXX=gcc \
XXFLAGS="-O3 -mcpu=pentium3 -felide-constructors" \
./configure --prefix=/app/mysql \
--with--charset=gbk \
--with-extra-charsets="gbk gb2312 big5 utf8"\
--with-unix-socket-path=/etc/mysql.sock \
--enable-local-infile \
--enable-thread-safe-client \
--enable-assembler \
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static \
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static

//-mcpu 根据CPU类型优化编译，可以让你的mysq表现更好！可选项目很多：i386, i486, i586, i686, pentium, pentium-mmx, pentiumpro, pentium2, pentium3, pentium4, k6, k6-2, k6-3, athlon, athlon-tbird, athlon-4, athlon-xp,athlon-mp,winchip-c6, winchip2 , c3.

shell> make
------------------------------------------
错误时候
shell> make clean
再回上一步
------------------------------------------------------------

shell> make install
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> cd /app/mysql
shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=root
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql var
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=root --default-character-set=gbk &
shell> ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
shell> ./bin/mysql -u root --default-character-set=gbk -p
mysql> status
...
Server characterset: gbk
Db characterset: gbk
Client characterset: gbk
Conn. characterset: gbk
....

看见characterset全是gbk就算成功了.
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在UTF8字符集的老数据库中,创建中文支持表脚本如下,对字段加上字符集说明

CREATE TABLE `test`.`cn` (
`zh` CHAR(10) CHARACTER SET gb2312 COLLATE gb2312_chinese_ci NOT NULL,
`中文` INT(11) NOT NULL
)
ENGINE = MYISAM;

注:CHARACTER SET 写GB2312 和gbk都可以,gbk优于gb2312.

对于新创建的数据库加个默认字符集声明GBK,就不用建表时候每个字段声明了,这样看起来简单流畅,没有特殊的痕迹,建议多采用这种方法.

mysql> CREATE DATABASE dbCN DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;
CREATE TABLE `dbCN`.`cn` (
`zh` CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
`中文` INT(11) NOT NULL
)
ENGINE = MYISAM;
mysql> insert into cn values("真的？",1);

注:如果这些脚本用bin/mysql命令行是输入不了,可以 用mysql query Browser,或者编程执行.
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shell> bin/mysql -u root --default-character-set=gbk -p
mysql>use test
mysql> select * from cn;
+--------+------+
| zh | 中文 |
+--------+------+
| 真的？| 1 |
+--------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
---------------------------------------------

最后修改启动文件/etc/rc.d/rc.mysqld

改路径/app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
改路径/app/mysql/var/web.pid

/app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 后面加入 --user=root --default-character-set=gbk