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本文对linux下md5sum命令和java中DigestUtils.md5Hex进行比较,要了解各自的本质,就需要深入源码来了解各自运行机制。
1.linux下md5sum命令的源码
a.查看md5sum命令的位置
b.查看md5sum在哪个package中
c.从上可以知道md5sum命令在coreutils包中,下载coreutils包。查看md5sum的源码在md5sum.c文件中,内容如下:
d.md5sum的用户
上面说明md5sum的标准在rfc1321里面
2.DigestUtils.md5Hex的底层实现
a.方法签名
b.以上两方法实现对比
可以看出,单独对一个字符串进行md5和把这个字符串放在一个文件中在进行md5,得到的md5值是一样的。
3.对比
a.linux下计算字符串md5
b.linux下计算文件的md5
c.java代码计算字符串与文件的md5
运算结果:
4.总结
linux命令md5sum计算文件的md5和DigestUtils.md5Hex计算文件的md5得到的值一样;
linux命令md5sum计算字符串的md5和DigestUtils.md5Hex计算字符串的md5得到的值一样。
计算文件的md5值实际上就是计算文件里面字符串的md5
1.linux下md5sum命令的源码
a.查看md5sum命令的位置
b.查看md5sum在哪个package中
c.从上可以知道md5sum命令在coreutils包中,下载coreutils包。查看md5sum的源码在md5sum.c文件中,内容如下:
/* Compute MD5 or SHA1 checksum of files or strings Copyright (C) 1995-2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ /* Written by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gnu.ai.mit.edu>. */ #include <config.h> #include <getopt.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include "system.h" #include "md5.h" #include "sha.h" #include "checksum.h" #include "getline.h" #include "closeout.h" #include "error.h" /* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */ #define PROGRAM_NAME (algorithm == ALG_MD5 ? "md5sum" : "shasum") #define AUTHORS N_ ("Ulrich Drepper and Scott Miller") /* Most systems do not distinguish between external and internal text representations. */ /* FIXME: This begs for an autoconf test. */ #if O_BINARY # define OPENOPTS(BINARY) ((BINARY) != 0 ? TEXT1TO1 : TEXTCNVT) # define TEXT1TO1 "rb" # define TEXTCNVT "r" #else # if defined VMS # define OPENOPTS(BINARY) ((BINARY) != 0 ? TEXT1TO1 : TEXTCNVT) # define TEXT1TO1 "rb", "ctx=stm" # define TEXTCNVT "r", "ctx=stm" # else # if UNIX || __UNIX__ || unix || __unix__ || _POSIX_VERSION # define OPENOPTS(BINARY) "r" # else /* The following line is intended to evoke an error. Using #error is not portable enough. */ "Cannot determine system type." # endif # endif #endif #define DIGEST_TYPE_STRING(Alg) ((Alg) == ALG_MD5 ? "MD5" : "SHA1") #define DIGEST_STREAM(Alg) ((Alg) == ALG_MD5 ? md5_stream : sha_stream) #define DIGEST_BITS(Alg) ((Alg) == ALG_MD5 ? 128 : 160) #define DIGEST_HEX_BYTES(Alg) (DIGEST_BITS (Alg) / 4) #define DIGEST_BIN_BYTES(Alg) (DIGEST_BITS (Alg) / 8) #define MAX_DIGEST_BIN_BYTES MAX (DIGEST_BIN_BYTES (ALG_MD5), \ DIGEST_BIN_BYTES (ALG_SHA1)) /* The minimum length of a valid digest line. This length does not include any newline character at the end of a line. */ #define MIN_DIGEST_LINE_LENGTH(Alg) \ (DIGEST_HEX_BYTES (Alg) /* length of hexadecimal message digest */ \ + 2 /* blank and binary indicator */ \ + 1 /* minimum filename length */ ) /* Nonzero if any of the files read were the standard input. */ static int have_read_stdin; /* The minimum length of a valid checksum line for the selected algorithm. */ static size_t min_digest_line_length; /* Set to the length of a digest hex string for the selected algorithm. */ static size_t digest_hex_bytes; /* With --check, don't generate any output. The exit code indicates success or failure. */ static int status_only = 0; /* With --check, print a message to standard error warning about each improperly formatted checksum line. */ static int warn = 0; /* Declared and set via one of the wrapper .c files. */ /* int algorithm = ALG_UNSPECIFIED; */ /* The name this program was run with. */ char *program_name; static const struct option long_options[] = { { "binary", no_argument, 0, 'b' }, { "check", no_argument, 0, 'c' }, { "status", no_argument, 0, 2 }, { "string", required_argument, 0, 1 }, { "text", no_argument, 0, 't' }, { "warn", no_argument, 0, 'w' }, { GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL }, { GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL }, { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 } }; void usage (int status) { if (status != 0) fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"), program_name); else { printf (_("\ Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]...\n\ or: %s [OPTION] --check [FILE]\n\ Print or check %s (%d-bit) checksums.\n\ With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n\ "), program_name, program_name, DIGEST_TYPE_STRING (algorithm), DIGEST_BITS (algorithm)); printf (_("\ \n\ -b, --binary read files in binary mode (default on DOS/Windows)\n\ -c, --check check %s sums against given list\n\ -t, --text read files in text mode (default)\n\ \n\ "), DIGEST_TYPE_STRING (algorithm)); fputs (_("\ The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums:\n\ --status don't output anything, status code shows success\n\ -w, --warn warn about improperly formated checksum lines\n\ \n\ "), stdout); fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout); fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout); printf (_("\ \n\ The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input\n\ should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print\n\ a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for\n\ text), and name for each FILE.\n"), (algorithm == ALG_MD5 ? "RFC 1321" : "FIPS-180-1")); printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT); } exit (status == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE); } /* Split the string S (of length S_LEN) into three parts: a hexadecimal digest, binary flag, and the file name. S is modified. */ static int split_3 (char *s, size_t s_len, unsigned char **hex_digest, int *binary, char **file_name) { size_t i; int escaped_filename = 0; #define ISWHITE(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t') i = 0; while (ISWHITE (s[i])) ++i; /* Ignore this line if it is too short. Each line must have at least `min_digest_line_length - 1' (or one more, if the first is a backslash) more characters to contain correct message digest information. */ if (s_len - i < min_digest_line_length + (s[i] == '\\')) return 1; if (s[i] == '\\') { ++i; escaped_filename = 1; } *hex_digest = (unsigned char *) &s[i]; /* The first field has to be the n-character hexadecimal representation of the message digest. If it is not followed immediately by a white space it's an error. */ i += digest_hex_bytes; if (!ISWHITE (s[i])) return 1; s[i++] = '\0'; if (s[i] != ' ' && s[i] != '*') return 1; *binary = (s[i++] == '*'); /* All characters between the type indicator and end of line are significant -- that includes leading and trailing white space. */ *file_name = &s[i]; if (escaped_filename) { /* Translate each `\n' string in the file name to a NEWLINE, and each `\\' string to a backslash. */ char *dst = &s[i]; while (i < s_len) { switch (s[i]) { case '\\': if (i == s_len - 1) { /* A valid line does not end with a backslash. */ return 1; } ++i; switch (s[i++]) { case 'n': *dst++ = '\n'; break; case '\\': *dst++ = '\\'; break; default: /* Only `\' or `n' may follow a backslash. */ return 1; } break; case '\0': /* The file name may not contain a NUL. */ return 1; break; default: *dst++ = s[i++]; break; } } *dst = '\0'; } return 0; } static int hex_digits (unsigned char const *s) { while (*s) { if (!ISXDIGIT (*s)) return 0; ++s; } return 1; } /* An interface to the function, DIGEST_STREAM, (either md5_stream or sha_stream). Operate on FILENAME (it may be "-") and put the result in *BIN_RESULT. Return non-zero upon failure, zero to indicate success. */ static int digest_file (const char *filename, int binary, unsigned char *bin_result, int (*digest_stream)(FILE *, void *)) { FILE *fp; int err; if (STREQ (filename, "-")) { have_read_stdin = 1; fp = stdin; #if O_BINARY /* If we need binary reads from a pipe or redirected stdin, we need to switch it to BINARY mode here, since stdin is already open. */ if (binary) SET_BINARY (fileno (stdin)); #endif } else { /* OPENOPTS is a macro. It varies with the system. Some systems distinguish between internal and external text representations. */ fp = fopen (filename, OPENOPTS (binary)); if (fp == NULL) { error (0, errno, "%s", filename); return 1; } } err = (*digest_stream) (fp, bin_result); if (err) { error (0, errno, "%s", filename); if (fp != stdin) fclose (fp); return 1; } if (fp != stdin && fclose (fp) == EOF) { error (0, errno, "%s", filename); return 1; } return 0; } static int digest_check (const char *checkfile_name, int (*digest_stream)(FILE *, void *)) { FILE *checkfile_stream; int n_properly_formated_lines = 0; int n_mismatched_checksums = 0; int n_open_or_read_failures = 0; unsigned char bin_buffer[MAX_DIGEST_BIN_BYTES]; size_t line_number; char *line; size_t line_chars_allocated; if (STREQ (checkfile_name, "-")) { have_read_stdin = 1; checkfile_name = _("standard input"); checkfile_stream = stdin; } else { checkfile_stream = fopen (checkfile_name, "r"); if (checkfile_stream == NULL) { error (0, errno, "%s", checkfile_name); return 1; } } SET_MODE (fileno (checkfile_stream), O_TEXT); line_number = 0; line = NULL; line_chars_allocated = 0; do { char *filename; int binary; unsigned char *hex_digest; int err; int line_length; ++line_number; line_length = getline (&line, &line_chars_allocated, checkfile_stream); if (line_length <= 0) break; /* Ignore comment lines, which begin with a '#' character. */ if (line[0] == '#') continue; /* Remove any trailing newline. */ if (line[line_length - 1] == '\n') line[--line_length] = '\0'; err = split_3 (line, line_length, &hex_digest, &binary, &filename); if (err || !hex_digits (hex_digest)) { if (warn) { error (0, 0, _("%s: %lu: improperly formatted %s checksum line"), checkfile_name, (unsigned long) line_number, DIGEST_TYPE_STRING (algorithm)); } } else { static const char bin2hex[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' }; int fail; ++n_properly_formated_lines; fail = digest_file (filename, binary, bin_buffer, digest_stream); if (fail) { ++n_open_or_read_failures; if (!status_only) { printf (_("%s: FAILED open or read\n"), filename); fflush (stdout); } } else { size_t digest_bin_bytes = digest_hex_bytes / 2; size_t cnt; /* Compare generated binary number with text representation in check file. Ignore case of hex digits. */ for (cnt = 0; cnt < digest_bin_bytes; ++cnt) { if (TOLOWER (hex_digest[2 * cnt]) != bin2hex[bin_buffer[cnt] >> 4] || (TOLOWER (hex_digest[2 * cnt + 1]) != (bin2hex[bin_buffer[cnt] & 0xf]))) break; } if (cnt != digest_bin_bytes) ++n_mismatched_checksums; if (!status_only) { printf ("%s: %s\n", filename, (cnt != digest_bin_bytes ? _("FAILED") : _("OK"))); fflush (stdout); } } } } while (!feof (checkfile_stream) && !ferror (checkfile_stream)); if (line) free (line); if (ferror (checkfile_stream)) { error (0, 0, _("%s: read error"), checkfile_name); return 1; } if (checkfile_stream != stdin && fclose (checkfile_stream) == EOF) { error (0, errno, "%s", checkfile_name); return 1; } if (n_properly_formated_lines == 0) { /* Warn if no tests are found. */ error (0, 0, _("%s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found"), checkfile_name, DIGEST_TYPE_STRING (algorithm)); } else { if (!status_only) { int n_computed_checkums = (n_properly_formated_lines - n_open_or_read_failures); if (n_open_or_read_failures > 0) { error (0, 0, _("WARNING: %d of %d listed %s could not be read"), n_open_or_read_failures, n_properly_formated_lines, (n_properly_formated_lines == 1 ? _("file") : _("files"))); } if (n_mismatched_checksums > 0) { error (0, 0, _("WARNING: %d of %d computed %s did NOT match"), n_mismatched_checksums, n_computed_checkums, (n_computed_checkums == 1 ? _("checksum") : _("checksums"))); } } } return ((n_properly_formated_lines > 0 && n_mismatched_checksums == 0 && n_open_or_read_failures == 0) ? 0 : 1); } int main (int argc, char **argv) { unsigned char bin_buffer[MAX_DIGEST_BIN_BYTES]; int do_check = 0; int opt; char **string = NULL; size_t n_strings = 0; size_t err = 0; int file_type_specified = 0; #if O_BINARY /* Binary is default on MSDOS, so the actual file contents are used in computation. */ int binary = 1; #else /* Text is default of the Plumb/Lankester format. */ int binary = 0; #endif /* Setting values of global variables. */ program_name = argv[0]; setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); textdomain (PACKAGE); atexit (close_stdout); while ((opt = getopt_long (argc, argv, "bctw", long_options, NULL)) != -1) switch (opt) { case 0: /* long option */ break; case 1: /* --string */ { if (string == NULL) string = (char **) xmalloc ((argc - 1) * sizeof (char *)); if (optarg == NULL) optarg = ""; string[n_strings++] = optarg; } break; case 'b': file_type_specified = 1; binary = 1; break; case 'c': do_check = 1; break; case 2: status_only = 1; warn = 0; break; case 't': file_type_specified = 1; binary = 0; break; case 'w': status_only = 0; warn = 1; break; case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR; case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS); default: usage (EXIT_FAILURE); } min_digest_line_length = MIN_DIGEST_LINE_LENGTH (algorithm); digest_hex_bytes = DIGEST_HEX_BYTES (algorithm); if (file_type_specified && do_check) { error (0, 0, _("the --binary and --text options are meaningless when \ verifying checksums")); usage (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (n_strings > 0 && do_check) { error (0, 0, _("the --string and --check options are mutually exclusive")); usage (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (status_only && !do_check) { error (0, 0, _("the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums")); usage (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (warn && !do_check) { error (0, 0, _("the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums")); usage (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (n_strings > 0) { size_t i; if (optind < argc) { error (0, 0, _("no files may be specified when using --string")); usage (EXIT_FAILURE); } for (i = 0; i < n_strings; ++i) { size_t cnt; if (algorithm == ALG_MD5) md5_buffer (string[i], strlen (string[i]), bin_buffer); else sha_buffer (string[i], strlen (string[i]), bin_buffer); for (cnt = 0; cnt < (digest_hex_bytes / 2); ++cnt) printf ("%02x", bin_buffer[cnt]); printf (" \"%s\"\n", string[i]); } } else if (do_check) { if (optind + 1 < argc) { error (0, 0, _("only one argument may be specified when using --check")); usage (EXIT_FAILURE); } err = digest_check ((optind == argc) ? "-" : argv[optind], DIGEST_STREAM (algorithm)); } else { if (optind == argc) argv[argc++] = "-"; for (; optind < argc; ++optind) { int fail; char *file = argv[optind]; fail = digest_file (file, binary, bin_buffer, DIGEST_STREAM (algorithm)); err |= fail; if (!fail) { size_t i; /* Output a leading backslash if the file name contains a newline or backslash. */ if (strchr (file, '\n') || strchr (file, '\\')) putchar ('\\'); for (i = 0; i < (digest_hex_bytes / 2); ++i) printf ("%02x", bin_buffer[i]); putchar (' '); if (binary) putchar ('*'); else putchar (' '); /* Translate each NEWLINE byte to the string, "\\n", and each backslash to "\\\\". */ for (i = 0; i < strlen (file); ++i) { switch (file[i]) { case '\n': fputs ("\\n", stdout); break; case '\\': fputs ("\\\\", stdout); break; default: putchar (file[i]); break; } } putchar ('\n'); } } } if (have_read_stdin && fclose (stdin) == EOF) error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("standard input")); exit (err == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE); }
d.md5sum的用户
上面说明md5sum的标准在rfc1321里面
2.DigestUtils.md5Hex的底层实现
a.方法签名
public static String md5Hex(String data) public static String md5Hex(InputStream data) throws IOException
b.以上两方法实现对比
可以看出,单独对一个字符串进行md5和把这个字符串放在一个文件中在进行md5,得到的md5值是一样的。
3.对比
a.linux下计算字符串md5
b.linux下计算文件的md5
c.java代码计算字符串与文件的md5
package com.test.service; import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; /** * Created by yangjianzhou on 15-12-18. */ public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ System.out.println(DigestUtils.md5Hex("123456")); System.out.println(DigestUtils.md5Hex(new FileInputStream(new File("/home/yangjianzhou/test.txt")))); } }
运算结果:
e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e Process finished with exit code 0
4.总结
linux命令md5sum计算文件的md5和DigestUtils.md5Hex计算文件的md5得到的值一样;
linux命令md5sum计算字符串的md5和DigestUtils.md5Hex计算字符串的md5得到的值一样。
计算文件的md5值实际上就是计算文件里面字符串的md5
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def md5sum = org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils.md5Hex(file.bytes) println "MD5 of file is: $md5sum" } } ``` 在这个例子中,我们创建了一个名为`generateMd5`的任务,它使用Apache Commons ...
在标题"js_hex_md5.rar_hex md5_hex_m_hex_md5_hex_md5.js_js hex_md5"中,我们可以看到"hex_md5"多次出现,这指的是MD5算法的结果通常是以16进制(hexadecimal)形式表示的。"js"则表明我们关注的是JavaScript中的...
因此,尽管MD5在许多场景下仍然可用,但更安全的选择是使用SHA-256或其他更现代的哈希函数。 在实际应用中,尤其是处理用户密码时,通常会结合盐值(salt)来进一步增强安全性。盐值是一个随机的附加信息,与密码...
本MD5.js 共有6中加密方法:hex_md5(s), b64_md5(s) ,str_md5(s) ,hex_hmac_md5(key, data), b64_hmac_md5(key, data) ,str_hmac_md5(key, data).根据需求选择. js加密的好处: 1,用js对私密信息加密可避免在网络中...
总结一下,"Bin_Hex.exe"是一个用于二进制和十六进制转换的软件,尤其适用于学生学习和实践,它通过一个直观的界面简化了二进制和十六进制数值的转换操作,帮助用户更好地理解和应用这两种数值表示方式。
这个"MD5_js.rar"压缩包显然包含了MD5算法在JavaScript环境下的实现,以及可能的相关资料。 首先,"MD5算法在js中的实现.java"文件可能是将MD5算法用Java语言进行了封装,提供给JavaScript使用。Java和JavaScript...
本MD5.js 共有6中加密方法:hex_md5(s), b64_md5(s) ,str_md5(s) ,hex_hmac_md5(key, data), b64_hmac_md5(key, data) ,str_hmac_md5(key, data).根据需求选择. js加密的好处: 1,用js对私密信息加密可避免在网络中...
适用于MD5加解密,文件校验MD5值,其中更有加强版的加密,让您密码无忧,文件无忧。 功能支持如下: 一:MD5加密 二:MD5加强加密 三:MD5十六位加密 四:MD5解密 五:文件MD5值校验
在这个例子中,`DigestUtils.md5Hex()`方法接收一个字符串并返回其MD5摘要的十六进制表示。请注意,MD5虽然广泛使用,但已知存在安全性问题,容易遭受碰撞攻击。因此,在存储敏感信息如用户密码时,通常会结合盐值...
JAVA的MD5工具类
return new String(Hex.encodeHex(MD5.digest())); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } finally { try { if (fileInputStream != null){ fileInputStream.close();...
MD5 Message * See http://pajhome.org.uk/site/legal.html for details. * Add integers, wrapping at 2^32. This uses 16-bit operations internally * to work around bugs in some JS interpreters. ...
java中的MD532位加密。将java类放入项目中,使用encrypByMd5静态方法即可生成hex_md5 32位加密的字符串。
综上所述,JavaScript中的MD5加密工具类主要用于数据的哈希处理,虽然存在安全性问题,但在某些特定场景下仍然有其用武之地。了解并熟练运用这些工具,对于提升JavaScript项目的安全性以及数据处理能力至关重要。
MD5(Message-Digest Algorithm 5)是一种广泛使用的哈希函数,它能够将任意长度的信息映射成固定长度的摘要信息。在IT行业中,MD5主要用于数据校验、密码存储和数字签名等领域。MD5算法的基本思想是通过一系列的...
这段脚本导入了`DigestUtils`类,并使用`md5Hex`方法对原始密码进行MD5加密,然后将结果存入变量`password_md5`。 3. 在请求参数中引用`password_md5`变量,发送请求,查看加密结果。 总结,通过JMeter的内置函数...