git命令总结

git流程图：

 

 

git命令详解：

 

•  1.Install Git

GitHub provides desktop clients that include a graphical user interface for the most common repository actions and an automati-cally updating command line edition of Git for advanced scenarios.

GitHub for Windows

https://windows.github.com

GitHub for Mac

https://mac.github.com

Git distributions for Linux and POSIX systems are available on the official Git SCM web site.

Git for All Platforms

http://git-scm.com

 

•  2.CONFIGURE TOOLING

Configure user information for all local repositories

$ git config --global user.name "[name]"

Sets the name you want attached to your commit transactions

$ git config --global user.email "[email address]"

Sets the email you want attached to your commit transactions

$ git config --global color.ui auto

 

Enables helpful colorization of command line output

 

•  3.CREATE REPOSITORIES

Start a new repository or obtain one from an existing URL

$ git init [project-name]

Creates a new local repository with the specified name

$ git clone [url]

 

Downloads a project and its entire version history

 

• 4.MAKE CHANGES

Review edits and craft a commit transaction

$ git status

Lists all new or modified files to be committed

$ git add [file]

Snapshots the file in preparation for versioning

$ git reset [file]

Unstages the file, but preserve its contents

$ git diff

Shows file differences not yet staged

$ git diff --staged

Shows file differences between staging and the last file version

$ git commit -m "[descriptive message]"

 

Records file snapshots permanently in version history

 

• 5.GROUP CHANGES

Name a series of commits and combine completed efforts

$ git branch

Lists all local branches in the current repository

$ git branch [branch-name]

Creates a new branch

$ git checkout [branch-name]

Switches to the specified branch and updates the working directory

$ git merge [branch]

Combines the specified branch’s history into the current branch

$ git branch -d [branch-name]

 

Deletes the specified branch

 

• 6.REFACTOR FILENAMES

Relocate and remove versioned files

$ git rm [file]

Deletes the file from the working directory and stages the deletion

$ git rm --cached [file]

Removes the file from version control but preserves the file locally

$ git mv [file-original] [file-renamed]

 

Changes the file name and prepares it for commit

 

• 7.SUPPRESS TRACKING

Exclude temporary files and paths

$ git ls-files --other --ignored --exclude-standard

Lists all ignored files in this project

*.log

build/

temp-*

A text file named  .gitignore suppresses accidental versioning of

 

files and paths matching the specified patterns

 

• 8.SAVE FRAGMENTS

Shelve and restore incomplete changes

$ git stash

Temporarily stores all modified tracked files

$ git stash list

Lists all stashed changesets

$ git stash pop

Restores the most recently stashed files

$ git stash drop

 

Discards the most recently stashed changeset

 

• 9.REVIEW HISTORY

Browse and inspect the evolution of project files

$ git log

Lists version history for the current branch

$ git log --follow [file]

Lists version history for a file, including renames

$ git diff [first-branch]...[second-branch]

Shows content differences between two branches

$ git show [commit]

 

Outputs metadata and content changes of the specified commit

 

• 10.REDO COMMITS

Erase mistakes and craft replacement history

$ git reset [commit]

Undoes all commits after  [commit] , preserving changes locally

$ git reset --hard [commit]

 

Discards all history and changes back to the specified commit

 

• 11.SYNCHRONIZE CHANGES

Register a repository bookmark and exchange version history

$ git fetch [bookmark]

Downloads all history from the repository bookmark

$ git merge [bookmark]/[branch]

Combines bookmark’s branch into current local branch

$ git push [alias] [branch]

Uploads all local branch commits to GitHub

$ git pull

 

Downloads bookmark history and incorporates changes