python获取本地时间/日期格式化

获取当前时间：

import time    
    
print time.time() #获取当前时间    
    
print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d  %X ") #获取当前时间（按照指定格式）

 用time.localtime()方法，作用是格式化时间戳为本地的时间：

import  time
print time.localtime(time.time()) 

 输出结果：time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=513, tm_hour=15, tm_min=48, tm_sec=28, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=309, tm_isdst=0)

 

现在看起来更有希望格式成我们想要的时间了。
time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime(time.time()))

import time
print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime(time.time()))  

 最后用time.strftime()方法，把刚才的一大串信息格式化成我们想要的东西，现在的结果是：2015-11-05

 

 

ime.strftime里面有很多参数，可以让你能够更随意的输出自己想要的东西：
下面是time.strftime的参数：

strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
将指定的struct_time(默认为当前时间)，根据指定的格式化字符串输出

 

1,python中时间日期格式化符号：

%y 两位数的年份表示（00-99）
%Y 四位数的年份表示（000-9999）
%m 月份（01-12）
%d 月内中的一天（0-31）
%H 24小时制小时数（0-23）
%I 12小时制小时数（01-12） 
%M 分钟数（00=59）
%S 秒（00-59）
%a 本地简化星期名称
%A 本地完整星期名称
%b 本地简化的月份名称
%B 本地完整的月份名称
%c 本地相应的日期表示和时间表示
%j 年内的一天（001-366）
%p 本地A.M.或P.M.的等价符
%U 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期天为星期的开始
%w 星期（0-6），星期天为星期的开始
%W 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期一为星期的开始
%x 本地相应的日期表示
%X 本地相应的时间表示
%Z 当前时区的名称
%% %号本身

 

2. 计算时间差：

#coding=utf-8        
import time    
import datetime       
d1 = datetime.datetime(2013,6,9)    
d2 = datetime.datetime(2015, 11,5)    
    
print (d1 - d2).days 

 输出结果是：879

3.计算运行时间差：

#coding=utf-8    
<pre>    
import time    
import datetime    
    
starttime = datetime.datetime.now()    
    
time.sleep(3)    
    
endtime = datetime.datetime.now()    
print (endtime - starttime).seconds <strong> </strong> 

 输出结果是：3

 

4，计算十天后的日期时间：

#coding=utf-8    
    
import time    
import datetime    
    
d1 = datetime.datetime.now()    
d3 = d1 + datetime.timedelta(days =10)    
    
print str(d3)    
print d3.ctime()<strong>  </strong> 

 输出结果： 

2015-11-15 14:44:04.291000
Sun Nov 15 14:44:04 2015

 

5，阳历转阴历

#! -*- encoding: GBK -*-    
     
import re    
import math    
import time    
import os    
     
MONTH_NAME = ["", "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]    
MONTH_DAYS = [0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31];    
     
LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE = [    
    0x04AE53,0x0A5748,0x5526BD,0x0D2650,0x0D9544,0x46AAB9,0x056A4D,0x09AD42,0x24AEB6,0x04AE4A, # //*1901-1910*/    
    0x6A4DBE,0x0A4D52,0x0D2546,0x5D52BA,0x0B544E,0x0D6A43,0x296D37,0x095B4B,0x749BC1,0x049754, # //*1911-1920*/    
    0x0A4B48,0x5B25BC,0x06A550,0x06D445,0x4ADAB8,0x02B64D,0x095742,0x2497B7,0x04974A,0x664B3E, # //*1921-1930*/    
    0x0D4A51,0x0EA546,0x56D4BA,0x05AD4E,0x02B644,0x393738,0x092E4B,0x7C96BF,0x0C9553,0x0D4A48, # //*1931-1940*/       
    0x6DA53B,0x0B554F,0x056A45,0x4AADB9,0x025D4D,0x092D42,0x2C95B6,0x0A954A,0x7B4ABD,0x06CA51, # //*1941-1950*/    
    0x0B5546,0x555ABB,0x04DA4E,0x0A5B43,0x352BB8,0x052B4C,0x8A953F,0x0E9552,0x06AA48,0x6AD53C, # //*1951-1960*/    
    0x0AB54F,0x04B645,0x4A5739,0x0A574D,0x052642,0x3E9335,0x0D9549,0x75AABE,0x056A51,0x096D46, # //*1961-1970*/    
    0x54AEBB,0x04AD4F,0x0A4D43,0x4D26B7,0x0D254B,0x8D52BF,0x0B5452,0x0B6A47,0x696D3C,0x095B50, # //*1971-1980*/    
    0x049B45,0x4A4BB9,0x0A4B4D,0xAB25C2,0x06A554,0x06D449,0x6ADA3D,0x0AB651,0x093746,0x5497BB, # //*1981-1990*/    
    0x04974F,0x064B44,0x36A537,0x0EA54A,0x86B2BF,0x05AC53,0x0AB647,0x5936BC,0x092E50,0x0C9645, # //*1991-2000*/    
    0x4D4AB8,0x0D4A4C,0x0DA541,0x25AAB6,0x056A49,0x7AADBD,0x025D52,0x092D47,0x5C95BA,0x0A954E, # //*2001-2010*/    
    0x0B4A43,0x4B5537,0x0AD54A,0x955ABF,0x04BA53,0x0A5B48,0x652BBC,0x052B50,0x0A9345,0x474AB9, # //*2011-2020*/    
    0x06AA4C,0x0AD541,0x24DAB6,0x04B64A,0x69573D,0x0A4E51,0x0D2646,0x5E933A,0x0D534D,0x05AA43, # //*2021-2030*/    
    0x36B537,0x096D4B,0xB4AEBF,0x04AD53,0x0A4D48,0x6D25BC,0x0D254F,0x0D5244,0x5DAA38,0x0B5A4C, # //*2031-2040*/    
    0x056D41,0x24ADB6,0x049B4A,0x7A4BBE,0x0A4B51,0x0AA546,0x5B52BA,0x06D24E,0x0ADA42,0x355B37, # //*2041-2050*/    
    0x09374B,0x8497C1,0x049753,0x064B48,0x66A53C,0x0EA54F,0x06B244,0x4AB638,0x0AAE4C,0x092E42, # //*2051-2060*/    
    0x3C9735,0x0C9649,0x7D4ABD,0x0D4A51,0x0DA545,0x55AABA,0x056A4E,0x0A6D43,0x452EB7,0x052D4B, # //*2061-2070*/    
    0x8A95BF,0x0A9553,0x0B4A47,0x6B553B,0x0AD54F,0x055A45,0x4A5D38,0x0A5B4C,0x052B42,0x3A93B6, # //*2071-2080*/    
    0x069349,0x7729BD,0x06AA51,0x0AD546,0x54DABA,0x04B64E,0x0A5743,0x452738,0x0D264A,0x8E933E, # //*2081-2090*/    
    0x0D5252,0x0DAA47,0x66B53B,0x056D4F,0x04AE45,0x4A4EB9,0x0A4D4C,0x0D1541,0x2D92B5           # //*2091-2099*/    
]    
# 下面的三个表格是农历数据表 LunarCalendarTable 的结构。总共使用了32位整数的0～23位。    
#     
# 6 5                4 3 2 1 0     
# 表示春节的公历月份 表示春节的公历日期     
#     
# 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10  9  8  7     
# 1   2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13    
# 农历1-13 月大小 。月份对应位为1，农历月大(30 天),为0 表示小(29 天)    
#     
# 23 22 21 20     
# 表示当年闰月月份，值为0 为则表示当年无闰月。    
     
def get_month_days(year, month):    
  global MONTH_DAYS;    
  if(month==2):    
    if(((year%4 == 0) and (year%100 != 0)) or (year%400 == 0)):    
      return 29    
    else:    
      return 28    
  else:    
    return(MONTH_DAYS[month]);    
     
def get_syear_days(syear):    
  if(((syear%4 == 0) and (syear%100 != 0)) or (syear%400 == 0)):    
    return 366    
  else:    
    return 365    
     
def get_days_of_syear(syear, smonth, sday):    
  """ get given day's number of sun year """    
  days = 0    
  for i in range(1, smonth):    
    days += get_month_days(syear, i)    
  days += sday    
  return days    
     
def get_days_of_lyear(syear, smonth, sday):    
  """ get given day's number of the lunar year """    
  global LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE    
  lyear = syear    
  spring_month = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901] & 0x60) >> 5    
  spring_day = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901] & 0x1F)    
  if ((spring_month > smonth) or ((spring_month == smonth) and (spring_day > sday))):    
    # the day is before spring festival day, and is previous day in lunar year    
    spring_month = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901 - 1] & 0x60) >> 5    
    spring_day = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[syear-1901 - 1] & 0x1F)    
    lyear -= 1    
    lunar_days = get_syear_days(lyear) + get_days_of_syear(syear, smonth, sday) \    
        - get_days_of_syear(lyear, spring_month, spring_day)    
  else:    
    lunar_days = get_days_of_syear(syear, smonth, sday)  \    
        -  get_days_of_syear(syear, spring_month, spring_day)    
  lunar_days += 1 # consider current day    
  return (lyear, lunar_days)    
     
def get_lunar_date(syear, smonth, sday):    
  if syear < 1901 or syear > 2099:    
    return     
  # lunar year, lunar days to spring festival    
  lyear, lunar_days = get_days_of_lyear(syear, smonth, sday);    
  l_double_month = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[lyear-1901] >> 20 ) & 0xF    
     
  lmonth = lday = 1    
  bits = 19    
  month_begin_day = 0    
  for lmonth in range(1, 14):    
    l_month_big = (LUNAR_CALENDAR_TABLE[lyear-1901] >> bits) & 0x1    
    if month_begin_day + 29 + l_month_big < lunar_days:    
      lmonth += 1    
      month_begin_day += 29 + l_month_big    
    else:    
      lday = lunar_days - month_begin_day    
      break    
    bits -= 1    
  if l_double_month:    
    # lunar double month adjust    
    if l_double_month == lmonth - 1:    
      lmonth -= 1    
      lmonth += 100  # double month     
    elif l_double_month < lmonth - 1:    
      lmonth -= 1    
  return (lyear, lmonth, lday)    
     
if __name__ == "__main__":    
    y,m,d = 2010, 9, 28    
    print "Sun calendar 2010-9-28 == Lunar calendar ",  get_lunar_date(y,m,d) 

 输出结果：

Sun calendar 2010-9-28 == Lunar calendar  (2010, 8, 21)

 

Python版的农历日历Calendar：

#coding=utf-8    
    
#参见：http://download.csdn.net/source/1178    
    
#******************************************************************************    
# 下面为阴历计算所需的数据,为节省存储空间,所以采用下面比较变态的存储方法.    
#******************************************************************************    
#数组g_lunar_month_day存入阴历1901年到2050年每年中的月天数信息，    
#阴历每月只能是29或30天，一年用12（或13）个二进制位表示，对应位为1表30天，否则为29天    
g_lunar_month_day = [    
    0x4ae0, 0xa570, 0x5268, 0xd260, 0xd950, 0x6aa8, 0x56a0, 0x9ad0, 0x4ae8, 0x4ae0,   #1910    
    0xa4d8, 0xa4d0, 0xd250, 0xd548, 0xb550, 0x56a0, 0x96d0, 0x95b0, 0x49b8, 0x49b0,   #1920    
    0xa4b0, 0xb258, 0x6a50, 0x6d40, 0xada8, 0x2b60, 0x9570, 0x4978, 0x4970, 0x64b0,   #1930    
    0xd4a0, 0xea50, 0x6d48, 0x5ad0, 0x2b60, 0x9370, 0x92e0, 0xc968, 0xc950, 0xd4a0,   #1940    
    0xda50, 0xb550, 0x56a0, 0xaad8, 0x25d0, 0x92d0, 0xc958, 0xa950, 0xb4a8, 0x6ca0,   #1950    
    0xb550, 0x55a8, 0x4da0, 0xa5b0, 0x52b8, 0x52b0, 0xa950, 0xe950, 0x6aa0, 0xad50,   #1960    
    0xab50, 0x4b60, 0xa570, 0xa570, 0x5260, 0xe930, 0xd950, 0x5aa8, 0x56a0, 0x96d0,   #1970    
    0x4ae8, 0x4ad0, 0xa4d0, 0xd268, 0xd250, 0xd528, 0xb540, 0xb6a0, 0x96d0, 0x95b0,   #1980    
    0x49b0, 0xa4b8, 0xa4b0, 0xb258, 0x6a50, 0x6d40, 0xada0, 0xab60, 0x9370, 0x4978,   #1990    
    0x4970, 0x64b0, 0x6a50, 0xea50, 0x6b28, 0x5ac0, 0xab60, 0x9368, 0x92e0, 0xc960,   #2000    
    0xd4a8, 0xd4a0, 0xda50, 0x5aa8, 0x56a0, 0xaad8, 0x25d0, 0x92d0, 0xc958, 0xa950,   #2010    
    0xb4a0, 0xb550, 0xb550, 0x55a8, 0x4ba0, 0xa5b0, 0x52b8, 0x52b0, 0xa930, 0x74a8,   #2020    
    0x6aa0, 0xad50, 0x4da8, 0x4b60, 0x9570, 0xa4e0, 0xd260, 0xe930, 0xd530, 0x5aa0,   #2030    
    0x6b50, 0x96d0, 0x4ae8, 0x4ad0, 0xa4d0, 0xd258, 0xd250, 0xd520, 0xdaa0, 0xb5a0,   #2040    
    0x56d0, 0x4ad8, 0x49b0, 0xa4b8, 0xa4b0, 0xaa50, 0xb528, 0x6d20, 0xada0, 0x55b0,   #2050    
]    
    
#数组gLanarMonth存放阴历1901年到2050年闰月的月份，如没有则为0，每字节存两年    
g_lunar_month = [    
    0x00, 0x50, 0x04, 0x00, 0x20,   #1910    
    0x60, 0x05, 0x00, 0x20, 0x70,   #1920    
    0x05, 0x00, 0x40, 0x02, 0x06,   #1930    
    0x00, 0x50, 0x03, 0x07, 0x00,   #1940    
    0x60, 0x04, 0x00, 0x20, 0x70,   #1950    
    0x05, 0x00, 0x30, 0x80, 0x06,   #1960    
    0x00, 0x40, 0x03, 0x07, 0x00,   #1970    
    0x50, 0x04, 0x08, 0x00, 0x60,   #1980    
    0x04, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x60, 0x05,   #1990    
    0x00, 0x30, 0x80, 0x05, 0x00,   #2000    
    0x40, 0x02, 0x07, 0x00, 0x50,   #2010    
    0x04, 0x09, 0x00, 0x60, 0x04,   #2020    
    0x00, 0x20, 0x60, 0x05, 0x00,   #2030    
    0x30, 0xb0, 0x06, 0x00, 0x50,   #2040    
    0x02, 0x07, 0x00, 0x50, 0x03    #2050    
]    
    
#==================================================================================    
    
from datetime import date, datetime    
from calendar import Calendar as Cal    
    
START_YEAR = 1901    
    
def is_leap_year(tm):    
    y = tm.year    
    return (not (y % 4)) and (y % 100) or (not (y % 400))    
    
def show_month(tm):    
    (ly, lm, ld) = get_ludar_date(tm)    
    print    
    print u"%d年%d月%d日" % (tm.year, tm.month, tm.day), week_str(tm),     
    print u"\t农历：", y_lunar(ly), m_lunar(lm), d_lunar(ld)    
    print    
    print u"日\t一\t二\t三\t四\t五\t六"    
    
    c = Cal()    
    ds = [d for d in c.itermonthdays(tm.year, tm.month)]    
    count = 0    
    for d in ds:    
        count += 1    
        if d == 0:    
            print "\t",    
            continue    
    
        (ly, lm, ld) = get_ludar_date(datetime(tm.year, tm.month, d))    
        if count % 7 == 0:    
            print    
    
        d_str = str(d)    
        if d == tm.day:    
            d_str = u"*" + d_str    
        print d_str + d_lunar(ld) + u"\t",    
    print    
    
def this_month():    
    show_month(datetime.now())    
    
def week_str(tm):    
    a = u'星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六 星期日'.split()    
    return a[tm.weekday()]    
    
def d_lunar(ld):    
    a = u'初一 初二 初三 初四 初五 初六 初七 初八 初九 初十 十一 十二 十三 十四 十五 十六 十七 十八 十九 廿十  廿一 廿二 廿三 廿四 廿五 廿六 廿七 廿八 廿九 三十'.split()  
    return a[ld - 1]    
    
def m_lunar(lm):    
    a = u'正月 二月 三月 四月 五月 六月 七月 八月 九月 十月 十一月 十二月'.split()    
    return a[lm - 1]    
    
def y_lunar(ly):    
    y = ly    
    tg = u'甲 乙 丙 丁 戊 己 庚 辛 壬 癸'.split()    
    dz = u'子 丑 寅 卯 辰 巳 午 未 申 酉 戌 亥'.split()    
    sx = u'鼠 牛 虎 免 龙 蛇 马 羊 猴 鸡 狗 猪'.split()    
    return tg[(y - 4) % 10] + dz[(y - 4) % 12] + u' ' + sx[(y - 4) % 12] + u'年'    
    
def date_diff(tm):    
    return (tm - datetime(1901, 1, 1)).days    
    
def get_leap_month(lunar_year):    
    flag = g_lunar_month[(lunar_year - START_YEAR) / 2]    
    if (lunar_year - START_YEAR) % 2:    
        return flag & 0x0f    
    else:    
        return flag >> 4    
    
def lunar_month_days(lunar_year, lunar_month):    
    if (lunar_year < START_YEAR):    
        return 30    
    
    high, low = 0, 29    
    iBit = 16 - lunar_month;    
    
    if (lunar_month > get_leap_month(lunar_year) and get_leap_month(lunar_year)):    
        iBit -= 1    
    
    if (g_lunar_month_day[lunar_year - START_YEAR] & (1 << iBit)):    
        low += 1    
            
    if (lunar_month == get_leap_month(lunar_year)):    
        if (g_lunar_month_day[lunar_year - START_YEAR] & (1 << (iBit -1))):    
             high = 30    
        else:    
             high = 29    
    
    return (high, low)    
    
def lunar_year_days(year):    
    days = 0    
    for i in range(1, 13):    
        (high, low) = lunar_month_days(year, i)    
        days += high    
        days += low    
    return days    
    
def get_ludar_date(tm):    
    span_days = date_diff(tm)    
    
    #阳历1901年2月19日为阴历1901年正月初一    
    #阳历1901年1月1日到2月19日共有49天    
    if (span_days <49):    
        year = START_YEAR - 1    
        if (span_days <19):    
          month = 11;      
          day = 11 + span_days    
        else:    
            month = 12;    
            day = span_days - 18    
        return (year, month, day)    
    
    #下面从阴历1901年正月初一算起    
    span_days -= 49    
    year, month, day = START_YEAR, 1, 1    
    #计算年    
    tmp = lunar_year_days(year)    
    while span_days >= tmp:    
        span_days -= tmp    
        year += 1    
        tmp = lunar_year_days(year)    
    
    #计算月    
    (foo, tmp) = lunar_month_days(year, month)    
    while span_days >= tmp:    
        span_days -= tmp    
        if (month == get_leap_month(year)):    
            (tmp, foo) = lunar_month_days(year, month)    
            if (span_days < tmp):    
                return (0, 0, 0)    
            span_days -= tmp    
        month += 1    
        (foo, tmp) = lunar_month_days(year, month)    
    
    #计算日    
    day += span_days    
    return (year, month, day)    
    
#功能简单，只打印当月的    
this_month()    

 

输出结果：

2015年11月5日 星期四 农历： 乙未 羊年 九月 廿四


日一二三四 五六

1廿十2廿一 3廿二4廿三 *5廿四6廿五 7廿六
8廿七9廿八 10廿九11三十 12初一13初二 14初三
15初四16初五 17初六18初七 19初八20初九 21初十
22十一23十二 24十三25十四 26十五27十六 28十七
29十八30十九 

计算年龄：

from time import *    
#a function to find your age    
def age():    
    print "Enter Your Date of Birth"    
    d=input("Day:")    
    m=input("Month:")    
    y=input("Year:")    
    #get the current time in tuple format    
    a=gmtime()    
    #difference in day    
    dd=a[2]-d    
    #difference in month    
    dm=a[1]-m    
    #difference in year    
    dy=a[0]-y    
    #checks if difference in day is negative    
    if dd<0:    
        dd=dd+30    
        dm=dm-1    
        #checks if difference in month is negative when difference in day is also negative    
        if dm<0:    
            dm=dm+12    
            dy=dy-1    
    #checks if difference in month is negative when difference in day is positive    
    if dm<0:    
        dm=dm+12    
        dy=dy-1    
    print "Your current age is %s Years %s Months & %s Days"%(dy,dm,dd)    
        
age()