Spring mvc 构造RESTful URL 详细讲解（spring 3.0 应用）

/blog/
1
  HTTP GET =>    得到id = 
1
的blog
/blog/1
  HTTP DELETE => 删除 id = 
1
的blog
/blog/1
  HTTP PUT  =>   更新id = 
1
的blog
/blog     HTTP POST =>   新增BLOG

首先，我们带着如下三 个问题 查看本文。
1. 如何在java构造没有扩展名的RESTful url,如 /forms/1,而不是 /forms/1.do

2. 由于我们要构造没有扩展名的url本来是处理静态资源的容器映射的，现在被我们的spring占用了，冲突怎么解决?

3. 浏览器的form标签不支持提交delete,put请求，如何曲线解决?

 

spring mvc rest 实现

spring mvc的resturl是通过@RequestMapping 及@PathVariable annotation提供的,通过如@RequestMapping(value="/blog /{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)即可处理/blog/1 的delete请求.

@RequestMapping
(value=
"/blog/{id}"
,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public
 ModelAndView delete(
@PathVariable
 Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
    blogManager.removeById(id);
    return
 
new
 ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}

 

@RequestMapping @PathVariable如果URL中带参数，则配合使用，如

@RequestMapping
(value=
"/blog/{blogId}/message/{msgId}"
,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public
 ModelAndView delete(
@PathVariable
(
"blogId"
) Long blogId,
@PathVariable
(
"msgId"
) Long msgId,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
}

 

 spring rest配置指南

1. spring mvc web.xml配置

<!-- 该servlet为tomcat,jetty等容器提供,将静态资
源映射从/改为/static/目录，如原来访问 http://localhost/foo.css ,现在http://localhost
/static/foo.css -->
<
servlet-mapping
>
    <
servlet-name
>
default
</
servlet-name
>
    <
url-pattern
>
/static/*
</
url-pattern
>
</
servlet-mapping
>
<
servlet
>
    <
servlet-name
>
springmvc
</
servlet-name
>
    <
servlet-class
>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</
servlet-class
>
    <
load-on-startup
>
1
</
load-on-startup
>
</
servlet
>

<!-- URL重写filter,用于将访问静态资源http://localhost/foo.css 转为http://localhost/static/foo.css -->
<
filter
>
    <
filter-name
>
UrlRewriteFilter
</
filter-name
>
    <
filter-class
>
org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter
</
filter-class
>
    <
init-param
>
            <
param-name
>
confReloadCheckInterval
</
param-name
>
            <
param-value
>
60
</
param-value
>
        </
init-param
>
    <
init-param
>
                <
param-name
>
logLevel
</
param-name
>
                <
param-value
>
DEBUG
</
param-value
>
        </
init-param
>
</
filter
>
<
filter-mapping
>
    <
filter-name
>
UrlRewriteFilter
</
filter-name
>
    <
url-pattern
>
/*
</
url-pattern
>
</
filter-mapping
>

<!-- 覆盖default servlet的/, springmvc servlet将处理原来处理静态资源的映射 -->
<
servlet-mapping
>
    <
servlet-name
>
springmvc
</
servlet-name
>
    <
url-pattern
>
/
</
url-pattern
>
</
servlet-mapping
>

<!-- 浏览器不支持put,delete等method,由该filter将/blog?_method=delete转换为标准的http delete方法 -->
<
filter
>
    <
filter-name
>
HiddenHttpMethodFilter
</
filter-name
>
    <
filter-class
>
org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter
</
filter-class
>
</
filter
>

<
filter-mapping
>
    <
filter-name
>
HiddenHttpMethodFilter
</
filter-name
>
    <
servlet-name
>
springmvc
</
servlet-name
>
</
filter-mapping
>

 

 

2. webapp/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml配置,使用如下两个class激活@RequestMapping annotation

<bean 
class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"
/>
<bean class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"
/>

 

完整配置

<beans 
default
-autowire=
"byName"
   >

    <!-- 自动搜索@Controller
标注的类 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package
=
"com.**.controller"
/>

    <bean class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"
/>

    <bean class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"
/>

    <!-- Default ViewResolver -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
 
class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
>
        <property name="viewClass"
 value=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"
/>
        <property name="prefix"
 value=
"/pages"
/>
        <property name="suffix"
 value=
".jsp"
></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="messageSource"
 
class
=
"org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"
 p:basename=
"i18n/messages"
/>

    <!-- Mapping exception to the handler view -->
    <bean id="exceptionResolver"
 
class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"
>
        <!-- to /commons/error.jsp -->
        <property name="defaultErrorView"
 value=
"/commons/error"
/>
        <property name="exceptionMappings"
>
            <props>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

 

 

3. Controller编写

/**
 * @RequestMapping("/userinfo") 具有层次关系，方法级的将在类一级@RequestMapping之一,
 * 如下面示例, 访问方法级别的@RequestMapping("/new"),则URL为 /userinfo/new
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping
(
"/userinfo"
)
public
 
class
 UserInfoController 
extends
 BaseSpringController{
    //默认多列排序,example: username desc,createTime asc
    protected
 
static
 
final
 String DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS = 
null
;

    private
 UserInfoManager userInfoManager;

    private
 
final
 String LIST_ACTION = 
"redirect:/userinfo"
;

    /**
     * 通过spring自动注入
     **/
    public
 
void
 setUserInfoManager(UserInfoManager manager) {
        this
.userInfoManager = manager;
    }

    /** 列表 */
    @RequestMapping
    public
 ModelAndView index(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) {
        PageRequest<Map> pageRequest = newPageRequest(request,DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS);
        //pageRequest.getFilters(); //add custom filters

        Page page = this
.userInfoManager.findByPageRequest(pageRequest);
        savePage(page,pageRequest,request);
        return
 
new
 ModelAndView(
"/userinfo/list"
,
"userInfo"
,userInfo);
    }

    /** 进入新增 */
    @RequestMapping
(value=
"/new"
)
    public
 ModelAndView _new(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) 
throws
 Exception {
        return
 
new
 ModelAndView(
"/userinfo/new"
,
"userInfo"
,userInfo);
    }

    /** 显示 */
    @RequestMapping
(value=
"/{id}"
)
    public
 ModelAndView show(
@PathVariable
 Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) 
throws
 Exception {
        UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
        return
 
new
 ModelAndView(
"/userinfo/show"
,
"userInfo"
,userInfo);
    }

    /** 编辑 */
    @RequestMapping
(value=
"/{id}/edit"
)
    public
 ModelAndView edit(
@PathVariable
 Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) 
throws
 Exception {
        UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
        return
 
new
 ModelAndView(
"/userinfo/edit"
,
"userInfo"
,userInfo);
    }

    /** 保存新增 */
    @RequestMapping
(method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public
 ModelAndView create(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) 
throws
 Exception {
        userInfoManager.save(userInfo);
        return
 
new
 ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
    }

    /** 保存更新 */
    @RequestMapping
(value=
"/{id}"
,method=RequestMethod.PUT)
    public
 ModelAndView update(
@PathVariable
 Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) 
throws
 Exception {
        UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
        bind(request,userInfo);
        userInfoManager.update(userInfo);
        return
 
new
 ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
    }

    /** 删除 */
    @RequestMapping
(value=
"/{id}"
,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public
 ModelAndView delete(
@PathVariable
 Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
        userInfoManager.removeById(id);
        return
 
new
 ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
    }

    /** 批量删除 */
    @RequestMapping
(method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public
 ModelAndView batchDelete(
@RequestParam
(
"items"
) Long[] items,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {

        for
(
int
 i = 
0
; i < items.length; i++) {

            userInfoManager.removeById(items[i]);
        }
        return
 
new
 ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
    }

}

 

 

上面是rapid-framework新版本生成器生成的代码,以后也将应用此规则,rest url中增删改查等基本方法与Controller的方法映射规则

/userinfo           => index()
/userinfo/new
       => _new()
/userinfo/{id}      => show()
/userinfo/{id}/edit         => edit()
/userinfo   POST        => create()
/userinfo/{id}  PUT => update()
/userinfo/{id}  DELETE  => delete()
/userinfo   DELETE      => batchDelete()

 注(不使用 /userinfo/add  => add() 方法是由于add这个方法会被maxthon浏览器当做广告链接过滤掉,因为包含ad字符)

 

4. jsp 编写

<
form:form
 
action
=
"${ctx}/userinfo/${userInfo.userId}"
 
method
=
"put"
>
</
form:form
>

 生成的html内容如下, 生成一个hidden的_method=put,并于web.xml中的HiddenHttpMethodFilter配合使用，在服务端将post请求改为put请求

<form id=
"userInfo"
 action=
"/springmvc_rest_demo/userinfo/2"
 method=
"post"
>
    <input type="hidden"
 name=
"_method"
 value=
"put"
/>
</form>

 

另外一种方法是你可以使用ajax发送put,delete请求.

 

5. 静态资源的URL重写

   如上我们描述，现因为将default servlet映射至/static/的子目录，现我们访问静态资源将会带一个/static/前缀.

   如 /foo.gif, 现在访问该文件将是 /static/foo.gif.
   那如何避免这个前缀呢，那就是应用URL rewrite,现我们使用 http://tuckey.org/urlrewrite/ , 重写规则如下

 

Xml代码

<
urlrewrite
>
    <!-- 访问jsp及jspx将不rewrite url,其它.js,.css,.gif等将重写,如 /foo.gif => /static/foo.gif -->
    <
rule
>
        <
condition
 
operator
=
"notequal"
 
next
=
"and"
 
type
=
"request-uri"
>
.*.jsp
</
condition
>
        <
condition
 
operator
=
"notequal"
 
next
=
"and"
 
type
=
"request-uri"
>
.*.jspx
</
condition
>
        <
from
>
^(/.*\..*)$
</
from
>
        <
to
>
/static$1
</
to
>
    </
rule
>
</
urlrewrite
>