Ton基础

tact:
一.函数:
1.extends:扩展函数,第一个参数名必须为self,调用时可省略,函数内只能使用,不能修改

2.mutates:可变扩展函数,第一个参数名必须为self,调用时可省略,函数内只能使用,可以修改

extends mutates fun(self:Int,c:Int){
let res:Int = 1;
repeat(c){
res = res * self;
}
self = res;
}

95.fun(2)

3.原生函数:native,直接绑定到func的函数,也可以可变和扩展
@name(store_uint)
native storeUint(s:Builder,value:Int,bits:Int):Builder

4.接收器函数:接收合约中的特殊消息,只能在contract和trait中定义
receive("Increment"){
selft.xx = self.xx + 1;
}

5.getter函数
get fun counter():Int {
return self.xx;
}

6.内置函数
主要有Common,Strings,Random,Math,Cells,Builders,Slices,如
fun sender:Address;
fun require(condition:Bool,error:String);
fun now():Int;
fun myBalance():Int;
fun myAddress():Address;
fun ton(value:String):Int;
fun context():Context;

二.消息
1.内部消息:从一个合约或钱包到另一个合约或钱包的消息
2.外部消息:与链下系统集成,较少遇到

一个合约可以有多个接收器函数,Slice相当于未序列化的数据流

message MyMessage{
value: Int;
}

contract MyContract{
receive(){

}
receive("message"){

}
receive(str:String){

}
receive(msg:myMessage){

}
receive(msg:Slice){

}
}

bounce:如果设置成true(默认),那么如果接收合约不存在或无法处理消息,消息将被退回给发送者

3.自定义发送:
let init:StateInit = initOf SecondContract(arg1,arg2);
send(SendParameters{
to:addr,
value:ton("1"),
mode:SendIgnoreErrors,
bounce:true,
code:init.code,//deploy时用到
date:init.data,//deploy时用到
//body:"hello".asComment()
body:SomeMessage{arg1:123,arg2:1234}.toCell()
});


3.回复消息:对传入的消息回复,并返回消息剩余的Ton
self.reply("hello".asComment())

4.回弹消息:bounce为true时,如果该消息未正确处理,发送者可以回滚补救,最多能收224bits.如果超了则建议使用Slice
contract MyContract{
bounced(src:bounced<MyMessage>){
}

bounced(src:Slice){
}
}


三.标准库
1.布合约
import "@stdlib/deploy"

contract Contract1 with Deployable{

}


2.ownable:类似eth中的ownable
import "@stdlib/ownable";
contract Contract2 with Ownable {
owner: Address;

init(owner:Address){
self.owner = owner;
}
}

3.stoppable
import "@stdlib/stoppable";

contract Contract3 with Stoppable{
owner:Address;
stopped:Bool;

init(owner:Address){
self.owner = owner;
self.stopped = false;
}
}