一．概述
二 操作步骤
(一)．把生产库置为归档模式
(二).启动rman做数据库0级备份
(三)．修改生产库数据库到未归档
(四)．拷贝备份集到测试库
(五).在测试库上的操作
一．概述
因项目组遇到要2台数据库同步的问题，决定使用rman来实现此功能，生产库运行在非归档模式，所以操作起来相对麻烦些，生产库最多允许丢失半天数据，晚上可以重启数据，这样就为我们使用rman创造了必要条件，先来理清一下操作步骤:
1. 首先shutdown生产库(node1) ,并修改成归档模式。
2. 使用rman做一个0级备份集，并设置控制文件为自动备份。
3. 修改生产库为非归档模式，并置为open状态。
4. 到测试库上面，修改数据库为归档模式，因没有性能要求，不需要再改回非归档，方便恢复操作。
5. 拷贝备份集到测试库(node2)，备份集的存放位置和生产库保持一致。
6. 启动测试库到nomount状态。
7. 启动rman，第一步先恢复controlfile.里面包含了重要的备份信息。
8. 更改数据库到mount状态.
9. 恢复数据库 restore database,注意,此步骤只会使用最近的一次0级备份，而不会应用增量或差异备份。
10. Recover database,此步骤会首先应用所有的差异或增量备份，然后恢复归档日志，当然在恢复归档时会出现错误，在此可以忽略掉。
11. 使用resetlogs关键字打开数据库，数据库同步完成。
以后每天按上面操作写成脚本自动执行即可，需要注意的地方是把0级备份改为1级或2级即可,这样就可以每半月做一次0级备份，每天晚上做一次1级或2级备份，然后恢复到测试库，以此来实现2数据库的同步.
1． [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2． Sql>shutdown immediate;
3． Sql>startup mount;
4． Sql>alter database archivelog;
5． Sql>alter database open;
6． Sql>quit
1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
2. RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
3. RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database format 'full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p';
--第一次同步操作时用该语句。
RMAN>quit;
日常同步备份时使用1级备份
4. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
5. RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
6. RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format 'increment _db_%d_%s_%t_%p';
7. RMAN>quit;
1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2. Sql>alter database noarchivelog;
3. Sql>alter database open;
4. Sql>quit;
拷贝备份集文件到测试库，并和生产库相同位置,可以使用sftp或ftp等工具完成。
1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2. Sql>startup nomount;
3. Sql>quit;
4. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
5. RMAN> restore controlfile from/opt/oracle11g/u01/dbs/c-1190421672-20080819-01';
--该处可修改为实际备份集。
6. RMAN> alter database mount;
7. RMAN> restore database;
8. RMAN> recover database;
9. RMAN>alter database open resetlogs;
注意，所有的增量或差异备份都是用recover database来恢复的，如果丢失增量备份，需用下面方法启动数据库，将可能导致丢失大量数据:
启动sqlplus，使用下面语句清除丢失的增量备份.
Sql>recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: ü 1839635 ( 08/18/2008 23:25:21 ú) 1 ±è
ORA-00289: ¨é: /archive/1_74_662640938.dbf
ORA-00280: ü 1839635 ( 1) ò #74
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
Cancel <需要手工输入后回车>
Media recovery cancelled.
最后执行resetlogs关键字启动数据库。
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
备份及同步脚本:
rman_backup_v1.1.sh
#!/bin/bash
###################################################################
# Usage:
# backup_rman_v1.1.sh [all|repeat|sync]
# all: list all backup file.
# repeat: repeat level-1 increment backup.
# sync: sync backup file to target database.
###################################################################
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01
export ORACLE_SID=primary
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib
export PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin
export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk"
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup
export log=/home/oracle/backup/log
rsync_dir=$backup_dir #sync dir
controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile
username=oracle #target OS ,oracle user
password=go2north #target oracle user password
target_host=172.16.5.27
today_backup=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'`
mail_to_admin="zhaorupeng@126.com"
########set display color#########
white=$(echo -e "\e[39;40m")
green=$(echo -e "\e[36;40m")
red=$(echo -e "\e[31;40m")
purple=$(echo -e "\e[35;40m")
yellow=$(echo -e "\e[33;40m")
blue=$(echo -e "\e[34;40m")
########color set end ############
# data backup status.
# 0: backup failed.
# 2: default
# 9: success
backup_status=2
#database status check ,If it's not turn on,the value is 0,or else 1
ora_stat=`ps -ef | grep -i 'ora_smon_*' |grep -v grep| wc -l`
#database mode check,If it's archive mode,that value is 1,or else 0;
arch=`ps -ef | grep -i 'ora_arc_*' | grep -v grep | wc -l`
function open_database()
{
if [ "$ora_stat" = 0 ]; then
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
shutdown immediate;
startup;
quit;
EOF
backup_status=2
if [ "$?" = 1 ]; then
echo "database unable strtup!"
backup_status=0
exit 1
fi
fi
}
function open_archive_mode()
{
if [ "$arch" = 0 ]; then #if arch=1,nothing,because it was already on archive mode
echo "****************open archive mode*************"
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
quit;
EOF
fi
}
function return_initaliztion_mode()
{
if [ "$arch" = 0 -a "$backup_status" > 0 ]; then
#if arch=1,nothing,because initialization mode is archive mode
echo "********* return initialization database mode**********"
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database noarchivelog;
alter database open;
quit;
EOF
fi
if [ "$?" = 0 ]; then
echo "return initalization database successfully."
fi
echo "************return initialization database mode *********" ;
}
function increment_backup_level_1() # incremental level-1 backup
{
open_database
open_archive_mode
echo "******** `date +'%Y%m%d'` Do level-1 increment backup....*********************" 2>&1;
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_increment_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
configure maxsetsize to 20g;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '$controlfile_dir/%F';
run {
allocate channel c01 type disk;
backup incremental level 1 database format '$backup_dir/increment_db_%d_%s_%t_%p' tag="increment_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`";
release channel c01;
}
configure controlfile autobackup off;
crosscheck backup of database;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt obsolete ;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt backup completed before 'sysdate-30';
delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-14';
EOF
if [ "$?" = 0 ];then
echo "*******************level-1 backup completed!************************"
backup_status=9
else
echo "*****************level-1 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
backup_status=0
fi
return $backup_status
return_initaliztion_mode
}
function level_0_backup_database()
{
open_database
open_archive_mode
echo "************* Do level-0 backup ****************"
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_full_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
configure retention policy to redundancy 30;
configure maxsetsize to 20g;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '$controlfile_dir/%F';
crosscheck backup of database;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt obsolete ;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt backup completed before 'sysdate-30';
delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-5';
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 database format '$backup_dir/full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p' tag="full_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`";
release channel c1 ;
}
configure controlfile autobackup off;
quit;
EOF
if [ "$?" = 0 ];then
echo "*******************level-0 backup completed!************************"
backup_status=9
else
echo "******************level-0 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
backup_status=0
fi
return $backup_status
return_initaliztion_mode
}
function repeat_increment_backup()
{
if [ "$#" = 0 ]; then
exit 0
else
if [ "$1" = "repeat" ]; then
echo "************do database increment backup again**************"
increment_backup_level_1 $ORACLE_HOME $log $backup_dir
echo "************repeat increment backup completed!**************"
else
echo "command error,please use parameter 'repeat'"
exit 0
fi
fi
}
# sync target database backup files #
function sync()
{
ping $target_host -c 1 > /dev/null # test network link #
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then
echo "sync host:$red $target_host $white link failed!,please check network."
exit 1
fi
if [ -f /usr/bin/rsync ]; then
#check resync command #
cat << EOF > sync
#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn /usr/bin/rsync -avzu $rsync_dir/ $username@$target_host:$rsync_dir
expect "password:"
send "$password\n";
send "quit\n";
interact
EOF
echo "********copy backup files to target database********"
if [ -f sync -a -f /usr/bin/expect ]; then
chmod +x sync
./sync
rm -rf ./sync
#list sync files
backup_file=`ls -ltR --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_|c-" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
echo "sync files:"
echo "$blue"
j=0
for i in $backup_file
do
((j++))
a[$j]=$i
if [ $j = 3 ]; then
echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} ${a[$j]}"
j=0
fi
done
echo "$white"
echo " transtion has succeed.please check the backup files on target database."
exit 0
else
echo "command expect not found, please install Tcl/expect"
exit 1
fi
else
echo "command rsync not found,please install!"
exit 1
fi
}
if [ -f $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log ]; then
rm -rf $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log
fi
(
level_0_backup_status=`find $backup_dir/ -name 'full_db_*'| grep -i full_db |grep -v grep | wc -l` 2>&1
level_1_backup_status=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ |grep -i 'increment_db_*'| grep -i $today_backup|grep -v grep | wc -l` 2>&1
if [ $level_0_backup_status = 0 -a $backup_status = 2 ]; then
level_0_backup_database
backup_status=$?
fi
if [ $level_1_backup_status = 0 -a $backup_status = 2 ]; then
increment_backup_level_1
backup_status=$?
fi
# ############Today's database backup information##########
# check today's backup status #
check_backup=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | awk '{print $6}' | grep -i $today_backup | wc -l`
# check today's controlfile backup information #
control_file=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir/ | grep -i "c-*" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
# check today's increment backup information #
backup_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
log_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $log/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
if [ "$1" = "all" ] ; then
backup_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db" | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
control_file=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir/ | grep -i "c-*"| awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
fi
# print today's backup information including controlfile and log information #
if [ $check_backup -ge 0 ]; then
if [ "$1" = "repeat" ] ; then
repeat_increment_backup $1
else
echo " ############Today's database backup information########## "
if [ "$1" = "all" ]; then
today_backup=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i full_db_* | awk '{print $6}'`
echo "List date $purple ${today_backup[0]} $white level-0 backup database after file information"
else
echo "Date $purple $today_backup $white database backup is completed."
fi
echo "backup file directory: $backup_dir"
echo "backup file information: $green"
echo ""
j=0
for i in $backup_file_info
do
((j++))
a[$j]=$i
if [ $j = 3 ]; then
echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $backup_dir/${a[$j]}"
j=0
fi
done
echo "$white"
echo "Controlfile information:$yellow"
echo ""
j=0
for p in $control_file;do
((j++))
a[$j]=$p
if [ $j = 3 ] ; then
echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $controlfile_dir/${a[$j]}"
j=0
fi
done
echo "$white"
echo "log information:$blue"
echo ""
j=0
for p in $log_file_info;do
((j++))
a[$j]=$p
if [ $j = 3 ] ; then
echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $log/${a[$j]}"
j=0
fi
done
echo "$white"
echo "If you want increment backup database again,please use \"repeat\" parameter"
echo " ############Today database backup information the end ########## "
fi
fi
# end print backup information #
# copy backup file #
if [ "$1" = "sync" ] ; then
backup_status=9
fi
if [ "$backup_status" = 9 ]; then
sync
else
echo "Today's Backup file is synced. please check whether it's in the target database."
echo "If you want to sync again,please use \"sync\" parameter."
exit 0
fi
echo "If you want to view all backup information,Please use \"all\" parameter."
) 2> $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log
#mail -s "`date +'%Y%m%d'`database backup information" $mail_to_admin<$log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log
恢复脚本:
rman_restore_v1.1.sh
#!/bin/sh
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01
export ORACLE_SID=primary
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib
export PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin
export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk"
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup
export log=/home/oracle/backup/log
rsync_dir=$backup_dir #sync dir
controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile
username=oracle #target OS ,oracle user
password=go2north #target oracle user password
target_host=172.16.5.27
today_backup=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'`
today=`date +'%Y%m%d'`
white=$(echo -e "\e[39;40m")
green=$(echo -e "\e[36;40m")
red=$(echo -e "\e[31;40m")
blue=$(echo -e "\e[33;40m")
backup_status=2 #data backup status ,0: backup faild,1: 1 level increment backup,2 : 0 level backup
# Begin change restore variable
restore_status=true
last_restore_file=increment_db_ORCL_76_663449691_1
last_restore_date=(2008-08-22 19:36)
last_recover_time="2008-08-28 15:12:08"
last_restore_time=2
last_restore_num=3
# End change restore variable
#sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/' $0
#sed -i 's/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/' $0
restore_file=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print $9}'|head -1`
controlfile=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir | grep -i 'c-*' | awk '{print $9}'| head -1`
recover_time=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print substr($7,1,5)}'| head -1`
recover_date=(`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,5)}' | head -1`)
recover_times=`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'`
function update_backup_info()
{
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=true/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_file=.*/last_restore_file='"${restore_file}"'/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_date=.*/last_restore_date='"(${recover_date[*]})"/ $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time='$((last_restore_time+1))'/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_num=.*/last_restore_num='$((last_restore_num+1))'/' $0
}
function restore_database()
{
echo "************* recover database start ****************"
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
shutdown immediate;
startup nomount;
EOF
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_restore_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
run {
allocate channel c01 type disk;
allocate channel c02 type disk;
allocate channel c03 type disk;
restore controlfile from "$controlfile_dir/$controlfile";
alter database mount;
recover database;
release channel c01;
release channel c02;
release channel c03;
}
alter database open resetlogs;
EOF
if [ "$?" = 0 ];then
echo "*******************restore be completed!************************"
backup_status=9
update_backup_info
exit 0
else
echo "******************restore database failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/' $0
fi
return "$backup_status"
}
#delete backup file on the weekend again
#file_info=`ls -l $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_backup_*.gz'|wc -l`
#if [ $file_count -gt 7 ]
#then
# del_files=`ls -lR $backup_dir| egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_"|grep \`date -d "7 days ago" +'%Y-%m-%d'\`|awk "{print $9}"`
# rm -f $del_files;
# if [ $? = 0 ]
# then
# echo "removing $del_files"
# fi
#else
# echo "No last file"
#
#fi
###########################################
if [ "$last_restore_file" != "$restore_file" -o "${last_restore_date[1]}" != "$recover_time" ]; then
restore_database
fi
if [ "$1" = "repeat" ] ; then
restore_database
fi
if [ "$restore_status" = "true" -o "${last_restore_date[0]}" = ${recover_date[0]} ]; then
echo "Today's sync already completed!"
echo "Last restore file: $backup_dir/$last_restore_file"
echo "Last restore time: $last_restore_time"
echo "The number of times the database be restored today: $last_restore_num"
echo "The total number of times the database have ever been restore: $last_recover_time"
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
else
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time=0/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
fi
from:
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-78699-id-3240613.html
other:Linux 平台下 RMAN 全备 和 增量备份 shell 脚本:http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5740630
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Oracle 数据库 RMAN 环境配置是指在 Oracle 数据库中使用 RMAN 工具对数据库进行备份和恢复的配置过程。本文将对 RMAN 环境配置进行详细地介绍，并提供相应的示例加以说明。 一、配置自动通道 RMAN 自动分配 2 个...
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- **在线重建备用数据库**：使用RMAN工具连接到主数据库和备用数据库，执行在线重建操作。 - **添加standby logfile**：在备用数据库上创建新的standby logfile，用于记录后续的归档日志。 ##### 3. 监听器的管理和...
本文以Oracle数据库为例，重点探讨了RMAN（Recovery Manager）备份工具的使用方法及其备份策略，旨在为Oracle数据库的稳定运行提供保障。 #### 关键词 Oracle, 备份策略, RMAN #### 引言 数据库作为企业核心资产之...
在DataGuard中，如果主数据库因硬件故障或其他原因无法使用，可以通过RMAN从备份中恢复数据，然后再切换到备用数据库，确保业务不受影响。 容灾系统的设计需要考虑RPO和RTO两个关键指标。RPO代表能容忍的数据丢失量...
3. **同步数据库和恢复目录**：`RESYNC CATALOG`命令可以确保恢复目录中的信息与数据库实际状态保持一致。 4. **备份和恢复命令**：RMAN提供了多种备份和恢复命令，如`COPY`用于复制数据文件，`BACKUP`用于备份...
本文档是Oracle Consulting Services编写的关于RMAN（ Recovery Manager）的内部使用指南，主要讨论如何维护和利用RMAN进行数据库备份与恢复。RMAN是Oracle数据库的一个内置工具，用于管理数据库的备份、恢复和归档...
3. **捕获日志文件**：使用RMAN的DUPLICATE命令从主数据库捕获控制文件和redo日志，同步备用数据库的数据文件。 4. **开启redo传输**：配置主数据库以发送redo日志到备用数据库，这通常通过ALTER SYSTEM命令完成。 5...
例如，可能使用RMAN（Recovery Manager）进行备份，或者使用Data Pump导出/导入数据。 - **runsql.sql**：这是一个SQL脚本文件，通常用于执行特定的数据库操作，如创建表、插入数据或执行DDL/DML语句。在数据库同步...
- 更新恢复目录信息，如通过`REGISTER`命令注册新数据库，或者使用`RESYNC CATALOG`命令同步数据库和恢复目录之间的变化。当数据文件、表空间或数据库结构发生变化时，手动同步是必要的。 - `RESET DATABASE`命令...
同时，RMAN还支持使用恢复目录进行备份历史的管理和同步，以确保备份信息的准确性和完整性。 总的来说，Oracle RMAN是数据库管理中的关键工具，对于数据安全和业务连续性有着至关重要的作用。新手可以通过实践和...
RMAN使用CATALOG数据库来存储备份元数据，这对于管理和追踪备份历史非常关键。可以通过RMAN命令将备份信息注册到CATALOG，以便于后续的恢复操作。 ### 磁带接口 RMAN支持多种备份介质，包括磁带设备。通过配置磁带...
- 在主库上，使用RMAN连接到目标数据库（即主库）和辅助数据库（这里是备库）。 - 运行`DUPLICATE`命令，指定`FROM ACTIVE DATABASE`选项，以及备库的相关参数，例如数据库名、表空间映射等。 2. **RMAN ...
本文将详细介绍如何使用RMAN（Recovery Manager）来管理ORACLE RAC数据库的备份与恢复。 1. **修改 RAC 数据库的归档模式** 在进行RMAN备份时，数据库通常需要处于归档模式，这样可以确保在发生故障时有完整的事务...