rman 详细

1、连接到目标数据库(不用恢复目录数据库)：

      Rman nocatalog target sys/change_on_isntall@testdb

      Rman catalog rman_user/rman_user@ora9rc target sys/change_on_install@testdb


2、SHOW命令：

      显示rman配置： RMAN> show all;


3、REPORT命令：

1、RMAN> report schema                        报告目标数据库的物理结构;

2、RMAN>report need backup days=3;            报告最近3天没有被备份的数据文件；

3、RMAN> report need backup days 3 tablespace users;   在USERS表空间上3天未备份的数据文件;

4、RMAN> report need backup incremental 3;

                                                报告恢复数据文件需要的增量备份个数超过3次的数据文件;

5、RMAN> report need backup redundancy 2 database;           报告备份文件低于2份的所有数据文件;

  RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;

6、RMAN> report need backup recovery window of 6 days;

                            报告文件报表的恢复需要超过6天的归档日志的数据文件;

7、RMAN> report unrecoverable;               报告数据库所有不可恢复的数据文件;

8、RMAN> report obsolete redunndancy 2; 报告备份次数超过2次的陈旧备份;

9、RMAN>report obsolete;                       报告丢弃的备份；


4、LIST命令：列出备份信息

1、列出数据文件备份集

  RMAN>list backup         列出详细备份；

  RMAN>list expired backup     列出过期备份;

RMAN> list backup of database;     列出所有数据文件的备份集；

RMAN> list backup of tablespace user01; 列出特定表空间的所有数据文件备份集；

2、RMAN> list backup of controlfile     列出控制文件备份集;

3、RMAN> list backup of archivelog all      列出归档日志备份集详细信息;

    RMAN>list archivelog all;　　　　　　列出归档日志备份集简要信息

4、RMAN> list backup of spfile              列出SPFILE备份集;

5、RMAN> list copy of datafile 5        列出数据文件映像副本;

6、RMAN> list copy of controlfile           列出控制文件映像副本;

7、RMAN> list copy of archivelog all    列出归档日志映像副本;

8、RMAN> list incarnation of database       列出对应物/列出数据库副本;

9、RMAN>list backup summary;    概述可用的备份；

　　　　　　　　　　　B表示backup

　　　　　　　　　　　F表示FULL

　　　　　　　　　　　A表示archive log

　　　　　　　　　　　0 1表示incremental backup

　　　　　　　　　　　S说明备份状态（A　AVAILABLE　　　X EXPIRED )

      10、RMAN>list backup by file    按备份类型列出备份；

                    按照数据文件备份，归档日志备份，控制文件备份，服务器参数文件备份　列出


5、CROSSCHECK命令：校验备份信息

1、RMAN> crosscheck backup             核对所有备份集;  

2、RMAN> crosscheck backup of database      核对所有数据文件的备份集;  

3、RMAN> crosscheck backup of tablespace users      核对特定表空间的备份集;  

4、RMAN> crosscheck backup of datafile 4    核对特定数据文件的备份集;  

5、RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile   核对控制文件的备份集;  

6、RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile    核对SPFILE的备份集;  

7、RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 3 核对归档日志的备份集;  

8、RMAN> crosscheck copy               核对所有映像副本;  

9、RMAN> crosscheck copy of database       核对所有数据文件的映像副本;  

10、RMAN> crosscheck copy of tablespace users       核对特定表空间的映像副本;  

11、RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 6        核对特定数据文件的映像副本;  

12、RMAN> crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 4  核对归档日志的映像副本;  

13、RMAN> crosscheck copy of controlfile       核对控制文件的映像副本; 

14、RMAN> crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';

15、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'

16、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '

17、RMAN> crosscheck backup device type sBT;

18、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

19、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'

20、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;

21、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;


6、DELETE：删除备份

1、RMAN> delete obsolete;      删除陈旧备份；

2、RMAN> delete expired backup; 删除EXPIRED备份    

3、RMAN> delete expired copy;   删除EXPIRED副本；

4、RMAN> delete backupset 19;   删除特定备份集；

5、RMAN> delete backuppiece ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak''   删除特定备份片;

6、RMAN> delete backup      删除所有备份集;

7、RMAN> delete datafilecopy ''d:\backup\DEMO_19.bak''  删除特定映像副本;

8、RMAN> delete copy   删除所有映像副本;

9、RMAN> delete archivelog all delete input;

  RMAN> delete backupset 22 format = ''d:\backup\%u.bak'' delete input

                       在备份后删除输入对象;

10、RMAN> delete backupset id;


7、CHANGE命令：改变备份集的状态

1、RMAN> change backupset 22 unavailable      改变备份集状态;  

2、RMAN> change datafilecopy ''d:\backup\demo_37.bak'' unavailable     改变映像副本状态;

3、RMAN> change backupset 156 keep forever logs         使备份集156永久保留;

4、RMAN> change backupset 198 keep until ''sysdate+60'' logs       使备份集198保留60天;

5、RMAN> change backupset 156 nokeep         免除备份集156的保留期限;

6、change backupset 117,118 delete;

7、change backuppiece 1304 delete;

8、change archivelog until logseq =544 delete;


8、CONFIGURE命令
   1显示当前的配置信息
       1.01 RMAN> show all;
       1.02查询RMAN设置中非默认值: 

SQL> select name,value from v$rman_configuration;


   2.常用的configure选项
       2.01保存策略(retention policy)

   configure retention policy to recovery window of 3 days;

   configure retention policy to redundancy 3;

   configure retention policy clear;


       2.02备份优化backup optimization

   configure backup optimization on;

   configure backup optimization off;

   configure backup optimization clear;


       2.03默认设备default device type

   configure default device type to disk;

   configure default device type to stb;

   configure default device type clear;


       2.04控制文件controlfile

   configure controlfile autobackup on;

   configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/cfs01/backup/conf/conf_%F';

   configure controlfile autobackup clear;

   configrue controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear;

   configrue snapshot controlfile name to '/cfs01/backup/snapcf/scontrofile.snp';

   configrue snapshot controlfile name clear;


       2.05并行数(通道数) device type disk|stb parallelism n;

   configure device type disk|stb parallelism 2;

   configure device type disk|stb clear;

   configure channel device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';

   configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100m

   configure channel device type disk rate 1200K

   configure channel 1 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';

   configure channel 1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m


       2.06生成备份副本datafile|archivelog backup copies

   configure datafile backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;

   configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;

   configure datafile|archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb clear

   backup device type disk database

   format '/disk1/backup/%U', '/disk2/backup/%U', '/disk3/backup/%U';


       2.07排除选项exclude

   configure exclude for tablespace 'users';

   configrue exclude clear;


       2.08备份集大小maxsetsize

   configure maxsetsize to 1G|1000M|1000000K|unlimited;

   configure maxsetsize clear;


       2.09其它选项auxiliary

   CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_1.f';

   CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_2.f';

   CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_3.f';

   CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 TO '/oracle/auxfiles/aux_4.f';

  

   CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 CLEAR;