使用linux函数模拟HTTP 请求过程

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非常好的参考资料

1.HTTP 协议资料

http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.2

2.使用telnet模拟浏览器访问网页

http://pcwanli.blog.163.com/blog/static/4531561120091115105240732/

#include "apue.h"
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define MAXADDRLEN 256
#define BUFLEN 128
#define MAXSLEEP 128
int connect_retry(int sockfd,const struct sockaddr* addr,socklen_t alen){
	int nsec;
	for(nsec =1; nsec <= MAXSLEEP;nsec <<=1){
		if(connect(sockfd,addr,alen)==0){
			return 0;

		}else {

			if(nsec <=MAXSLEEP/2){
				sleep(nsec);
			}
		}


	}
	return -1;
}
int main(){
	struct addrinfo hint;
	struct addrinfo *ailist;
	int err =0;	
	hint.ai_flags = 0;
	hint.ai_family =0;
	hint.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	hint.ai_protocol = 0;
	hint.ai_addrlen =0;
	hint.ai_canonname = NULL;
	hint.ai_addr = NULL;
	hint.ai_next = NULL;
	if((err = getaddrinfo("www.baidu.com","80",&hint,&ailist))!=0){
		err_quit("getaddrinfo error:%s",gai_strerror(err));

	}
	struct addrinfo* aip = ailist;
	int sockfd = 0;
	if((sockfd = socket(aip->ai_family,SOCK_STREAM,0))<0){
		err = errno;	
		cout<<"ok"<<endl;
	}
	if(connect_retry(sockfd,aip->ai_addr,aip->ai_addrlen)<0){
		cout<<"ok2"<<endl;
		err = errno;
	}
	//connect ok
	//send request
	const char* reqs[]={"GET /index.htm HTTP/1.1\n","User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.0.5) Gecko/2008120122 Firefox/3.0.5\n","host:www.baidu.com\n","Accept-Charset:UTF-8\n","connection:close\n","\n"};
//	const char* req = "GET /index.htm HTTP/1.0\n\n";
	const char* req;
	for(int i=0;i<6;i++){
		req=reqs[i];
		send(sockfd,req,strlen(req),0);

	}
//	send(sockfd,req,strlen(req),0);
	char buf[BUFLEN];
	int n=0;
	while((n=recv(sockfd,buf,BUFLEN,0))>0){
		write(STDOUT_FILENO,buf,n);
	}
	cout<<"ok"<<endl;
	cout<<endl;
	close(sockfd);
}

如需编译还需要《unix环境高级编程》的apue.h 和error.c

通过以上程序我们可以了解到

1.浏览器是通过User-Agent字段向服务器表明自己的身份的

2.通过实验表明http1.1协议下默认连接为长连接，且recv()默认为阻塞函数

如果不设置connection:close此属性，则会在recv()上阻塞一段时间。

是否我应该这样认为，也就是说一直没有收到字节流的终止标志。

获得的http响应

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2012 06:45:00 GMT
Server: BWS/1.0
Content-Length: 8225
Content-Type: text/html;charset=gbk
Cache-Control: private
Expires: Wed, 08 Aug 2012 06:45:00 GMT
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=D0607B2A1D830DE33C4A566154E9937B:FG=1; expires=Wed, 08-Aug-42 06:45:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Connection: Close

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<script type="text/javascript">function h(obj){obj.style.behavior='url(#default#homepage)';var a = obj.setHomePage('http://www.baidu.com/');}</script></head>

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2012-08-01 21:50
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