写过Android程序的都知道Activity中有一个名称叫onCreate的方法。该方法是在Activity创建时被系统调用,是一个Activity生命周期的开始。可是有一点容易被忽视,就是onCreate方法的参数saveInsanceState。因为在一般的程序开发中,很少用到这个参数。
onCreate方法的完整定义如下:
public void onCreate(Bundle saveInsanceState){ super.onCreate(saveInsanceState); }
上面的代码可以看出,onCreate方法的参数是一个Bundle类型的参数。Bundle类型的数据与Map类型的数据相似,都是以key-value的形式存储数据的。
从字面上看saveInsanceState,是保存实例状态的。实际上,saveInsanceState也就是保存Activity的状态的。那么,saveInsanceState中的状态数据是从何处而来的呢?下面我们介绍Activity的另一个方法saveInsanceState。
onsaveInsanceState方法是用来保存Activity的状态的。当一个Activity在生命周期结束前,会调用该方法保存状态。这个方法有一个参数名称与onCreate方法参数名称相同。如下所示:
public void onSaveInsanceState(Bundle saveInsanceState){ super.onSaveInsanceState(saveInsanceState); }
在实际应用中,当一个Activity结束前,如果需要保存状态,就在onsaveInsanceState中,将状态数据以key-value的形式放入到saveInsanceState中。这样,当一个Activity被创建时,就能从onCreate的参数saveInsanceState中获得状态数据。
状态这个参数在实现应用中有很大的用途,比如:一个游戏在退出前,保存一下当前游戏运行的状态,当下次开启时能接着上次的继续玩下去。再比如:电子书程序,当一本小说被阅读到第199页后退出了(不管是内存不足还是用户自动关闭程序),当下次打开时,读者可能已忘记了上次已阅读到第几页了,但是,读者想接着上次的读下去。如果采用saveInstallState参数,就很容易解决上述问题。
简单的事例api中snake游戏 在SnakeView类中
private int[] coordArrayListToArray(ArrayList cvec) { int count = cvec.size(); int[] rawArray = new int[count * 2]; for (int index = 0; index < count; index++) { Coordinate c = cvec.get(index); rawArray[2 * index] = c.x; rawArray[2 * index + 1] = c.y; } return rawArray; } public Bundle saveState() { Bundle map = new Bundle(); map.putIntArray("mAppleList", coordArrayListToArray(mAppleList)); map.putInt("mDirection", Integer.valueOf(mDirection)); map.putInt("mNextDirection", Integer.valueOf(mNextDirection)); map.putLong("mMoveDelay", Long.valueOf(mMoveDelay)); map.putLong("mScore", Long.valueOf(mScore)); map.putIntArray("mSnakeTrail", coordArrayListToArray(mSnakeTrail)); return map; } 在snakeActivity中实现 @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.snake_layout); mSnakeView = (SnakeView) findViewById(R.id.snake); mSnakeView.setTextView((TextView) findViewById(R.id.text)); if (savedInstanceState == null) { // We were just launched -- set up a new game mSnakeView.setMode(SnakeView.READY); } else { // We are being restored Bundle map = savedInstanceState.getBundle(ICICLE_KEY); if (map != null) { mSnakeView.restoreState(map); } else { mSnakeView.setMode(SnakeView.PAUSE); } } } 并重写onSavedInstanceState(),此方法会在activity结束时,调用. @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { //Store the game state outState.putBundle(ICICLE_KEY, mSnakeView.saveState()); }
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