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Python集合(set)类型的操作
- 博客分类:
- Python
python的set和其他语言类似, 是一个无序不重复元素集, 基本功能包括关系测试和消除重复元素. 集合对象还支持union(联合), intersection(交), difference(差)和sysmmetric difference(对称差集)等数学运算.
sets 支持 x in set, len(set),和 for x in set。作为一个无序的集合,sets不记录元素位置或者插入点。因此,sets不支持 indexing, slicing, 或其它类序列(sequence-like)的操作。
详解Python中的下划线(原创)
- 博客分类:
- Python
本文将讨论Python中下划线(_)字符的使用方法。我们将会看到,正如Python中的很多事情,下划线的不同用法大多数(并非所有)只是常用惯例而已。
单下划线(_)
通常情况下,会在以下3种场景中使用:
1、在解释器中:在这种情况下,“_”代表交互式解释器会话中上一条执行的语句的结果。这种用法首先被标准CPython解释器采用,然后其他类型的解释器也先后采用。
Redo log 是用于恢复和一个高级特性的重要数据,一个redo条目包含了相应操作导致的数据库变化的所有信息,所有redo条目最终都要被写入redo文件中去。Redo log buffer是为了避免Redo文件IO导致性能瓶颈而在sga中分配出的一块内存。一个redo条目首先在用户内存(PGA)中产生,然后由oracle服务进程拷贝到log buffer中,当满足一定条件时,再由LGWR进程写入redo文件。由于log buffer是一块“共享”内存,为了避免冲突,它是受到redo allocation latch保护的,每个服务进程需要先获取到该latch才能分配redo buffer。因 ...
log file sync总结
- 博客分类:
- Oracle日常管理
log file sync等待时间发生在redo log从log buffer写入到log file期间。
下面对log file sync做个详细的解释。
何时发生日志写入:
1.commit或者rollback
2.每3秒
3.log buffer 1/3满或者已经有1M的redo数据。
更精确的解释:_LOG_IO_SIZE 大小默认是LOG_BUFFER的1/3,当log buffer中redo数据达到_LOG_IO_SIZE 大小时,发生日志写入。
4.DBWR写之前
_log_io_size隐含参数:
LOG_BUFFER(byte ...
What is a 'log file sync' wait?
When a user session commits, the session's redo information needs to be flushed from memory to the redo logfile to make it permanent. At the time of commit, the user session will post the LGWR to write the log buffer (containing the current unwritten redo, incl ...
The Oracle “log file sync” wait event is triggered when a user session issues a commit (or a rollback). The user session will signal or post the LGWR to write the log buffer to the redo log file. When the LGWR has finished writing, it will post the user session. The wait is entirely dependent on LGW ...
Tuning ‘log file sync’ Event Waits
by Riyaj Shamsudeen
June 27, 2008
Posted in: Technical Track
Tags: Oracle
In this blog entry, I will discuss strategies and techniques to resolve ‘log file sync’ waits. This entry is intended to show an approach based upon scientific principles, n ...
Diagnosing buffer busy waits with the ash_wait_chains.sql script (v0.2)
by Tanel Poder Posted on November 6, 2013
In my previous post ( Advanced Oracle Troubleshooting Guide – Part 11: Complex Wait Chain Signature Analysis with ash_wait_chains.sql ) I introduced an experimental script for ana ...
Here’s a treat for the hard-core Oracle performance geeks out there – I’m releasing a cool, but still experimental script for ASH (or poor-man’s ASH)-based wait event analysis, which should add a whole new dimension into ASH based performance analysis. It doesn’t replace any of the existing ASH anal ...
为什么我们要使用10046 trace?
10046 trace帮助我们解析 一条/多条SQL、PL/SQL语句的运行状态 ,这些状态包括 :Parse/Fetch/Execute三个阶段中遇到的等待事件、消耗的物理和逻辑读、CPU时间、执行计划等等。
即10046 为我们揭示了 一条/多条SQL 的运行情况, 对于 以点入手的 SQL调优是很好的辅助工具,特别是在 10g之前没有ASH的情况下。 但整体系统调优 不是10046 所擅长的, 10046 是 性能调优的起钉器 , AWR是性能调优 的锤子。
10046还能帮助我们分析 一些 DDL维护命令的内部工作原理, ...
http://lectures.quantecon.org/_static/pdfs/py-quant-econ.pdf
http://linear.ups.edu/curriculum.html
http://www.extension.harvard.edu/open-learning-initiative/abstract-algebra
http://www.opentextbookstore.com/precalc/1.5/Precalc.pdf
http://www.openculture.com/math_free_courses
http://www.freetex ...
SQL>set linesize 200 pages 100
SQL> variable v refcursor;
SQL>exec open :v for'select * from emp';
Duplicate a Database Using RMAN in Oracle Database 11g Release 2
This article is an update of a previous Oracle 9i article.
Introduction
Backup-Based Duplication
Active Database Duplication
RMAN-06054 : Unknown Archived Log
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When Automatic Storage Management (ASM) was introduced with Oracle Database 10g, it somewhat blurred the line between DBAs and sysadmins in terms of their storage allocation functions. The ASM instances are managed by DBAs, just like the regular DBA jobs that require connection as SY ...