linux下面的常见网络命令（转载的）

网络侦错指令： ping, ifconfig, ifup, ifdown, netstat, route, traceroute, host, nslookup,
ping 是送一个ICMP的封包给那个主机
[root@cnca-test-linux /]# ping 10.10.9.158
PING 10.10.9.158 (10.10.9.158) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.10.9.158: icmp_seq=0 ttl=57 time=5.79 ms
64 bytes from 10.10.9.158: icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=1.68 ms
64 bytes from 10.10.9.158: icmp_seq=2 ttl=57 time=8.58 ms
64 bytes from 10.10.9.158: icmp_seq=3 ttl=57 time=5.95 ms
64 bytes from 10.10.9.158: icmp_seq=4 ttl=57 time=4.46 ms
--- 10.10.9.158 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.685/5.295/8.583/2.247 ms, pipe 2
[root@cnca-test-linux /]#
ifconfig 设定网络参数使用的命令
[root@cnca-test-linux /]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:CD:5F:B6 
          inet addr:10.10.81.16  Bcast:10.10.81.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fecd:5fb6/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:261604 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:7600 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:21295623 (20.3 MiB)  TX bytes:797222 (778.5 KiB)
          Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1400
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback 
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:7219 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:7219 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:10461306 (9.9 MiB)  TX bytes:10461306 (9.9 MiB)

ifup/ifdown 激活、关闭益而高网卡
root@cnca-test-linux /]# ifup eth0
root@cnca-test-linux /]# ifdown eth0

netstat 查看网络信息的指令
[root@cnca-test-linux /]# netstat -in
Kernel Interface table
Iface       MTU Met    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0       1500   0   261760      0      0      0     7656      0      0      0 BMRU
lo        16436   0     7219      0      0      0     7219      0      0      0 LRU
[root@cnca-test-linux /]# netstat -a
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State     
tcp        0      0 *:32769                     *:*                         LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 cnca-test-linux:ipp         *:*                         LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:telnet                    *:*                         LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 cnca-test-linux:smtp        *:*                         LISTEN     
tcp        0    352 10.10.81.16:ssh             10.10.81.131:12379          ESTABLISHED
udp        0      0 *:32768                     *:*                                    
udp        0      0 *:912                       *:*                                    
udp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                                    
udp        0      0 *:ipp                       *:* 
route 显示、修改路由表
[root@cnca-test-linux /]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
10.10.81.0      *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
169.254.0.0     *               255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth0
default         10.10.81.1      0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
traceroute 查看连接到那些主机的信息
[root@cnca-test-linux /]# traceroute 10.10.9.158
traceroute to 10.10.9.158 (10.10.9.158), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
1  10.10.81.253 (10.10.81.253)  0.580 ms  0.376 ms  0.613 ms
2  192.168.193.17 (192.168.193.17)  0.604 ms  0.354 ms  0.374 ms
3  192.168.193.46 (192.168.193.46)  1.173 ms  1.051 ms  2.070 ms
4  192.168.193.126 (192.168.193.126)  2.619 ms  3.024 ms  2.871 ms
5  10.10.161.13 (10.10.161.13)  4.909 ms  4.728 ms  3.947 ms
6  10.10.231.245 (10.10.231.245)  3.818 ms  3.117 ms  3.664 ms
7  10.10.2.33 (10.10.2.33)  4.853 ms  4.995 ms  6.321 ms
8  10.10.2.21 (10.10.2.21)  27.196 ms  18.996 ms  19.702 ms
9  10.10.9.158 (10.10.9.158)  4.107 ms  6.035 ms  3.907 ms
[root@cnca-test-linux /]
host 显示主机的名称
[[root@cnca-test-linux /]# host -a www.163.com
Trying "www.163.com"
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15583
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.163.com.                   IN      ANY
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.163.com.            85559   IN      CNAME   www.cache.split.netease.com.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
163.com.                16617   IN      NS      ns3.nease.net.
163.com.                16617   IN      NS      ns.nease.net.

nslookup 查询主机对应的Ip

[root@cnca-test-linux /]#
[root@cnca-test-linux /]# nslookup www.163.com
Non-authoritative answer:
www.163.com     canonical name = www.cache.split.netease.com.
Name:   www.cache.split.netease.com
Address: 220.181.28.52
Name:   www.cache.split.netease.com
Address: 220.181.28.53
Name:   www.cache.split.netease.com
Address: 220.181.28.54
Name:   www.cache.split.netease.com
Address: 220.181.28.50
Name:   www.cache.split.netease.com
Address: 220.181.28.51


telnet 可以远程管理一些设备

[root@cnca-test-linux /]# telnet 10.10.81.136
Trying 10.10.81.136...
Connected to 10.10.81.136 (10.10.81.136).
Escape character is '^]'.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 3)
Kernel 2.6.9-34.EL on an i686
login:

这文是转载的，原文地址：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/24661/showart_1132652.html