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最新评论
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hijackwust:
最次的方法,没有之一
让一个工程并存jar包不同版本 -
手写白:
...
让一个工程并存jar包不同版本 -
wqsmd1:
连接不会关,怎么弄
Struts2 + JasperReports4 + DB2 Demo -
tntxia:
楼主,怎么没有放keymaker.jar这个包啊
Aqua Data Studio 破解及解决乱码说明 -
mrsea2010:
楼主,按照你的方法,点击联接,我都不能显示出页面,直接报404 ...
Struts2 + JasperReports4 + DB2 Demo
An aggregate is a subset of an InfoCube. The objective when using aggregates is to reduce I/O volume.The BW OLAP processor selects an appropriate aggregate during a query run or a navigation step. If no appropriate aggregate exists, the BW OLAP processor retrieves data from the original InfoCube instead. For examples, assume you may have 10 dimensions and each one have 10 value, that means you may have up to 10^10 possible records. If high level manager often access the report focus revenue in 2008 by customer, that's mean only 2 dimension are involved. You can do aggregate and it may only contain 2 dimensions with 100 records. It reduce the I/O and improve the performance. Aggregate rollup is a procedure to update aggregates with new data loads. Reference Aggregate Application components are used to organize InfoSources. They are similar to the InfoAreas used with InfoCubes. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 32. An authorization defines what a user can do, and to which SAP objects. For example, a user with an authorization can display and execute, but not change, a query. Authorizations are defined using authorization objects. An authorization object is used to define user authorizations. It has fields with values to specify authorized activities, such as display and execution, on authorized business objects, such as queries. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 10. An authorization profile is made up of multiple authorizations. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 10. Short for Business Explorer. It includes following tools to present the reports to end user: Analyzer / Web Application Designer / Report Designer / Web Analyzer. A bitmap index uses maps of bits to locate records in a table. Bitmap indices are very effective for Boolean operations of the WHERE clause of a SELECT statement. When the cardinality of a column is low, a bitmap index size will be small, thereby reducing I/O volume. Another possible choice in BW on this topic is B-tree index. Business Content is a complete set of BW objects developed by SAP to support the OLAP tasks. It contains roles, workbooks, queries, InfoCubes, key figures, characteristics, update rules, InfoSources, and extractors for SAP R/3, and other mySAP solutions. You can simply use business content directly, or take it as template for your project to speed up implementations. BW is a Data Warehousing solution from SAP. When we talking about BW, it often talking about BW3.5. The latest version is SAP Business Intelligence 7.0. BW Monitor displays data loading status and provides assistance in troubleshooting if errors occur. T-code: RSMO BW Scheduler specifies when to load data. It is based on the same techniques used for scheduling R/3 background jobs. BW Statistics is a tool for recording and reporting system activity and performance information. BWA / BIA BW/BI Accelarator is a tool that improves the performance of BW 7.x queries on InfoCubes. It enables quick access to any data with a low amount of administrative effort and is especially useful for sophisticated scenarios with unpredictable query types, high data volume and high frequency of queries C A technology to improve the performance. Cache buffers query result data, in order to provider them for further accesses. Determines whether and in what way the query result and navigational states are to be saved in the OLAP Cache. Change run is a procedure used to activate characteristic data changes. Characteristics are descriptions of fields, such as Customer ID, Material Number, Sales Representative ID, Unit of Measure, and Transaction Date. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 9. A client is a subset of data in an SAP system. Data shared by all clients is called client-independent data, as compared with client-dependent data. When logging on to an SAP system, a user must specify which client to use. Once in the system, the user has access to both client-dependent data and client-independent data. The communication structure is the structure underlying the InfoSource. A compound attribute differentiates a characteristic to make the characteristic uniquely identifiable. For example, if the same characteristic data from different source systems mean different things, then we can add the compound attribute 0SOURSYSTEM (source system ID) to the characteristic; 0SOURSYSTEM is provided with the Business Content. Compressing will bringing data from different requests together into one single request (request ID 0) in Infocube. When you load data into Infocube, they are group with Requests ID. You can easily manage the data with Request ID. But the request ID have disadvantages cause the same data record (with same characteristics but different request ID) to appear more than once in the fact table. It waste the table space and affects query performance. You can eliminate these disadvantages by compressing data and bringing data from different requests together into one single request (request ID 0). Technically, Compress will move the data in F table to E table and aggregate the records with same char. automatically. It is widly used when you are sure that the data in InfoCube is correct and you won't need Request ID in the future. And be careful if you defined your own delta mechanism. For the same amount of data, the data packet size determines how work processes will be used in data loading. The smaller the data packet size, the more work processes needed.You can set it in SPRO Data mining is the process of extracting hidden patterns from data. It is one of the function provided by SAP BI. Take the most famous story "beer and diapers" as example. Wall-Mart noticed that men often bought beer at the same time they bought diapers. They mined its receipts and proved the observations. So they put diapers next to the beer coolers, and sales skyrocketed. The story is a myth, but it shows how data mining seeks to understand the relationship between different actions. Data Warehouse is a dedicated reporting and analysis environment based on the star schema (Extended) database design technique and requiring special attention to the data ETTL process. DataMart The distribution of contents of ODS or InfoCube into other BW data targets on the same or on other BW systems A DataSource is not only a structure in which source system fields are logically grouped together, but also an object that contains ETTL-related information. Four types of DataSources exist: If the source system is R/3, replicating DataSources from a source system will create identical DataSource structures in the BW system. The maximum number of characters allowed for a DataSource's technical name is 32. A BW function that offers flexible options for extracting data directly into the BW from tables and views in database management systems that are connected to the BW in addition to the default connection. You can use tables and views from the database management systems that are supported by SAP to transfer data. DataSources are used to make data known to the BW, where it is then processed in the same way as data from all other sources. Additional requests will be read from the InfoCube's (F) fact table. These additional requests will be updated into the OLAP Cache. In this way, when they are changes to the data basis, the complete data for the query no longer has to be read from the database again. The Delta update option in the InfoPackage definition requests BW to load only the data that have been accumulated since the last update. Before a delta update occurs, the delta process must be initialized. A development class is a group of objects that are logically related. Dimension table Part of the Star Schema structure for InfoCubes. Dim tables contain pointers to the Fact tables & to the Master Data (SID tables). A display attribute provides supplemental information to a characteristic. Reference Navigation attribute Drill-down is a user navigation step intended to get further detailed information. For example, you can drill-down to detail report through free characteristic Short for Data Store Object. Reference ODS in BW3.5 A DataStore object serves as a storage location for consolidated and cleansed transaction data or master data on a document (atomic) level. This data can be evaluated using a BEx query. There are 3 kinds of DSO: Standard DataStore Object / Write-Optimized DataStore Objects / DataStore Objects for Direct Update. Check the definition and example at:http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/f9/45503c242b4a67e10000000a114084/frameset.htm DTP The Data Transfer Process (DTP) transfers data from source objects to target objects in BI 7.x. You can also use the data transfer process to access InfoProvider data directly. Prerequisite: a transformation to define the data flow between the source and target object. The Enterprise Data Warehouse, a comprehensive / harmonized data warehouse solution, is design to avoid isolated applications. Reference BW330. ETTL, one of the most challenging tasks in building a data warehouse, is the process of extracting, transforming, transferring, and loading data correctly and quickly. Also known as ETL. Extraction Structure The data structure used by the extraction program to extract data. Its fields are mapped to the fields of the SAP Source System DataSource. The Fact table is the central table of the InfoCube. Here key figures & pointers to the dimension tables are stored. There are two fact tables: the F-fact table and the E-fact table. If you upload data into an InfoCube, it is always written into the F-fact table. If you compress the data, the data is shifted from the F-fact table to the E-fact table. The F-fact tables for aggregates are always empty, since aggregates are compressed automatically. After a changerun, the F-fact table can have entries as well as when you use the functionality 'do not compress requests' for Aggregates. A free characteristic is a characteristic in a query used for drill-downs. It is not displayed in the initial result of a query run. The Full update option in the InfoPackage definition requests BW to load all data that meet the selection criteria specified via the Select data tab. Reference Delta update Filter Filter is used to restrict data to a certain business sector, product group, or time period. And these can be saved and reused in the in othercontexts. Here the data is filtered and showed in the intial result of the query. Generic data extraction is a function in Business Content that allows us to create DataSources based on database views or InfoSet queries. InfoSet is similar to a view but allows outer joins between tables. Granularity describes the level of detail in a data warehouse. It is determined by business requirements and technology capabilities. For high level reports, manager tend to high aggregated report such as by month or by BU. But operational reports always require more detail information such as by day or by product spec. means that this dimension contains a high number of attributes. This information is used to execute physical optimizations, depending on the database platform. For example, different index types from those in a standard case are used. Generally, a dimension has a high cardinality if the number of dimension entries is 20% (or more) of the number of fact table entries. IDoc (Intermediate Document) is used in SAP to transfer data between two systems. It is a specific instance of a data structure called the IDoc Type, whose processing logic is defined in the IDoc Interface. See:IDOC Basics An index is a technique used to locate needed records in a database table quickly. BW uses two types of indices: B-tree indices for regular database tables and bitmap indices for fact tables and aggregate tables. InfoAreas are used to organize InfoCubes and InfoObjects. Each InfoCube is assigned to an InfoArea. Through an InfoObject Catalog, each InfoObject is assigned to an InfoArea as well. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 30. An InfoCube is a fact table and its associated dimension tables in the star schema. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 30. InfoCube compression is a procedure used to aggregate multiple data loads at the request level. In BW, key figures and characteristics are collectively called InfoObjects. See:https://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/BI/Characterstic+and+Key+FiguresCharacteristic and key figures InfoObject Catalogs organize InfoObjects. Two types of InfoObject Catalogs exist: one for characteristics, and one for key figures. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 30. An InfoPackage specifies when and how to load data from a given source system. BW generates a 30-digit code starting with ZPAK as an InfoPackage's technical name. An InfoSource is a structure in which InfoObjects are logically grouped together. InfoCubes and characteristics interact with InfoSources to get source system data. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 32. In BW 3.5 it is a MUST and in BI 7.0 it is optional. The difference:http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/a4/1be541f321c717e10000000a155106/content.htm And the Recommendations for Using InfoSources in BI 7.0:http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/44/0243dd8ae1603ae10000000a1553f6/content.htm Generally, the data was generated in OLTP system such as R/3. In BW, Information Lifecycle Management includes data target management and data archiving. Reference ADK and archiving for more information. And online help:http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/d0/84e5414f070640e10000000a1550b0/frameset.htm Key figures are numeric values or quantities, such as Per Unit Sales Price, Quantity Sold, and Sales Revenue. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 9. Reference Characteristic. A line item dimension in a fact table connects directly with the SID table of its sole characteristic. When you creating a InfoCube, you have chance to use this feature on define dimension. It is only possible if exactly one characteristic in a dimension. It help to improve the performance because we do not need to join SID table when accessing the master data. A logical system is the name of a client in an SAP system. Metadata repository contains information about the metadata objects of SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence, important object properties and their relationships with other objects. Metadata contains data about data. A multi-cube is a union of basic cubes. The multi-cube itself does not contain any data; rather, data reside in the basic cubes. To a user, the multi-cube is similar to a basic cube. When creating a query, the user can select characteristics and key figures from different basic cubes. A navigational attribute indicates a characteristic-to-characteristic relationship between two characteristics. It provides supplemental information about a characteristic and enables navigation from characteristic to characteristic during a query. The naming convention for a navigational attribute is: InfoObject_Attribute, such as 0customer_0country A number range is a range of numbers that resides in application server memory for quick number assignments. ODS is a BW architectural component located between PSA and InfoCubes that allows BEx reporting. It is not based on the star schema and is used primarily for detail reporting, rather than for dimensional analysis. ODS objects do not aggregate data as InfoCubes do. Instead, data are loaded into an ODS object by inserting new records, updating existing records, or deleting old records, as specified by the 0RECORDMODE value. Reference DSO. The open hub service enables you to distribute data from an SAP BW system into external data marts, analytical applications, and other applications. Short for Online Transaction Processing / Online Analytical Processing. OLTP system are Transacton-Orientated, which means it is generally used to support the daily operation. For example, SAP R/3, ERP / PDM / MES ... OLAP is generally used to analysis data. For examples, SAP BW, DDS - Decision Support System, EIS - Executive information systems. A parallel query uses multiple database processes, when available, to execute a query. A partition is a piece of physical storage for database tables and indices. If the needed data reside in one or a few partitions, then only those partitions will be selected and examined by a SQL statement, thereby significantly reducing I/O volume. It can be done in Cube or DB level. The benefit of using partition is mainly focus on: Fact table can be partitioned over a time characteristic either 0CALMONTH or 0FISCPER(Fiscal year/period). Repartition is possible in SAP BI 7.0. Seehttps://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/x/N4C4AQRepartitioning For MultiProvider queries, Partitioning Type provides options for handling the data that is returned by the individual InfoProviders from the MultiProvider separately and saving it in the cache separately. A process chain is a sequence of processes that are scheduled to wait in the background for an event. You can include process chains in other process chains to manage a group of them, known as meta. chains. It is design at the implementation phase and one of the most important jobs in support and maintenance phase. More information please reference:http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/8f/c08b3baaa59649e10000000a11402f/frameset.htm Profile Generator is a tool used to create authorization profiles. The Persistent Staging Area (PSA) is a data staging area in BW. It allows us to check data in an intermediate location, before the data are sent to its destinations in BW. A BW query is a selection of characteristics and key figures for the analysis of the data in an InfoCube. A query refers to only one InfoCube, and its result is presented in a BEx Excel sheet. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 30. Read mode determines how often the OLAP processor reads data from the database during navigation. Reconstruct is a procedure used to restore load requests from PSA. A request is a data load request from BW Scheduler. Each time that BW Scheduler loads data into an InfoCube, a unique request ID is created in the data packet dimension table of the InfoCube. RFC (Remote Function Call) is a call to a function module in a system different from the caller's usually another SAP system on the local network. In Profile Generator, an authorization profile corresponds to a role. A user assigned to that role also has the corresponding authorization profile. A user can be assigned to multiple roles. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 30. Reclustering It allows you to change the clustering of Infocubes and Data store objects that already contain data. SID (Surrogate-ID) translates a potentially long key for an InfoObject into a short four-byte integer, which saves I/O and memory during OLAP. A source system is a protocol that BW uses to find and extract data. When the source system is a non-SAP system, such as a flat file or a third-party tool, the maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 10. When the source system is an SAP system, either R/3 or BW, the technical name matches the logical system name. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 32. A star schema is a technique used in the data warehouse database design to help data retrieval for online analytical processing. SAP BW use extended star schema with following advantage compare to classical star schema: For a SQL statement, many execution plans are possible. The database optimizer generates the most efficient execution plan based on either the heuristic ranking of available execution plans or the cost calculation of available execution plans. Statistics is the information that the cost-based optimizer uses to calculate the cost of available execution plans and select the most appropriate one for execution. BW uses the cost-base optimizer for Oracle databases. System Administration Assistant is a collection of tools used to monitor and analyze general system operation conditions. The system landscape specifies the role of each system and the paths used in transporting objects among the various systems. A time-dependent entire hierarchy is a time-dependent hierarchy whose nodes and leaves are not time-dependent. For example, you have two hierarchy which presents organization of company in 2007 and 2008. A time-dependent hierarchy structure consists of nodes or leaves that are time-dependent, but the hierarchy itself is not time-dependent. For example, you have one hierarchy but one of his node was changed from 2007 and 2008. HR may belong to administration division before 2007 and belong to supporting division after 2008. Transfer rules specify how DataSource fields are mapped to InfoSource InfoObjects. In BI 7.0, transfer rule and update rule are replaced by transformation. A transfer structure maps DataSource fields to InfoSource InfoObjects. Transformations (TRF) An update rule specifies how data will be updated into their targets. The data target can be an InfoCube or an ODS object. If the update rule is applied to data from an InfoSource, the update rule's technical name will match the InfoSource's technical name. If the update rule is applied to data from an ODS object, the update rule's technical name will match the ODS object's technical name prefixed with number 8. In BI 7.0, transfer rule and update rule are replaced by transformation. But we still have chance to use it in BI 7.0 A variable is a query parameter. It gets its value from user input or takes a default value set by the variable creator. Variables act as placeholders for:A
Aggregate
Aggregate rollup
Application component
Authorization
Authorization object
Authorization profile
B
BEx
Bitmap index
Business Content
BW
BW Monitor
BW Scheduler
BW Statistics
Cache / OLAP Cache
Cache Mode
Change run
Characteristic
Client
Communication structure
Compound attribute
Compress
D
Data packet size
Data Mining
Data Warehouse
DataSource
DB Connect
Delta Caching
Delta update
Development class
Display attribute
Drill-down
DSO
A DataStore object contains key fields (such as document number, document item) and data fields that, in addition to key figures, can also contain character fields (such as order status, customer). The data from a DataStore object can be updated with a delta update into InfoCubes (standard) and/or other DataStore objects or master data tables (attributes or texts) in the same system or across different systems.E
EDW
ETTL
F
Fact tables
E-fact table is optimized for Reading => good for Queries. F-fact table is optimized for Writing => good for Loads
Free characteristic
Full update
G
Generic data extraction
Granularity
H
High Cardinality
I
IDoc
Index
InfoArea
InfoCube
InfoCube compression
InfoObject
InfoObject Catalog
InfoPackage
InfoSource
Information Lifecycle Mangement
K
Key figure
L
Line item dimension
Logical system
M
Metadata Repository
Multi-cube
N
Navigational attribute
Number range
O
ODS
Open Hub Service
OLTP / OLAP
P
Parallel query
Partition
Partitioning Type
Process Chain
Profile Generator
PSA
Q
Query
R
Read mode
Reconstruct
Request
RFC
Role
S
SID
Source system
Star schema
Statistics
System Administration Assistant
System landscape
T
Time-dependent entire hierarchy
Time-dependent hierarchy structure
Transfer rule
Transfer structure
TRFs connect source objects (DataSources, DSOs, InfoCubes, InfoSets) to Data Targets (InfoProviders) of a data-staging process. They replace combination of transfer rules & update rules. The TRF process allows you to consolidate, cleanse & integrate data. You must use DTP to load data to InfoProvider.U V W X Y Z
Update rule
Variable
发表评论
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(zt)Deal with invalid characters from BW ETL
2011-05-27 03:21 1058症状 典型的非法字符错误的出错信息是: BRA ... -
SAP MM 常用表
2011-05-24 13:08 1302http://blog.csdn.net/Welbin/arc ... -
SAP 财务知识点(zt)
2011-05-24 12:48 1124http://ekzzs.blog.163.com/blo ... -
SAP SD 常用表
2011-05-24 12:25 4239一:客户主数据 基本数据KNA1里 公司代码KNB1里 ... -
SAP FI 常用表
2011-05-24 11:50 962GL部分: FAGLFLEXT ... -
转载:SAP 标准教材和自学方法
2011-05-19 01:13 0http://space.itpub.net/16683570 ... -
BW职位基本分类
2011-05-15 00:20 873BW Architect: 负责全面数据及系统的设计以及所有 ... -
查询SAP程序的增强出口和BADI
2011-05-03 22:24 1143*& Report Z_HZY*&*& ... -
(zt) Add-on Table ‘Enhancement category for table missing’ 警告解决
2011-05-03 01:53 1073http://www.cnblogs.com/lo ... -
2011/04/29 backup Bookmarks
2011-04-29 02:54 0Bookmarks 2011/04/29 back ... -
LO Extraction -- Delta Queue update Mode
2011-04-29 02:32 1162目前BWDeltaQueue支持的 ... -
(zt) SAP RFC (Remote Function Call)
2011-04-25 16:07 1776RFC RFC(远程函数 ... -
SDN论坛看到BW的问题及相关解答
2011-04-23 15:25 1308现在有一个 QUERY 运行十分慢 ... -
(zt) SAP各模块介绍
2011-04-23 00:50 1895http://blog.tianya.cn/blogger/p ... -
(zt) SAP MM -- Material Management.
2011-04-23 00:46 893http://www.erp100.com/thread- ... -
(zt) SAP FI/CO -- Financial & Controlling
2011-04-23 00:43 989http://www.erp100.com/thread-43 ... -
会计中的借与贷区别
2011-04-22 21:15 2710会计中的借贷只是个记账符号,要想记住 ... -
会计等式
2011-04-22 16:50 1038http://baike.baidu.com/ ... -
(zt)SAP 名词解释 助你理解
2011-04-22 16:23 1762http://blog.csdn.net/balderzwz/ ... -
(zt) 管理会计 和 财务会计 的区别
2011-04-22 14:27 794http://zhidao.baidu.com/questio ...
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以下是对这些核心术语的详细解释: 1. **管理者**:管理者是负责规划、组织、领导和控制组织活动的人。他们可以分为不同层次,如基层管理者、中层管理者和高层管理者。 - **基层管理者**:最接近工作现场的管理者...
在国际贸易和物流行业中,货代(货运代理)是连接发货人和承运人的关键角色,他们需要熟悉一系列专业术语和缩写。以下是一些货代常用的重要术语和船务术语的详细解释: **主要贸易术语**: 1. **FCA (Free Carrier)...
期货专业术语释义.doc
在电影行业,准确理解和运用专业术语是沟通和创作的重要基础。电影专业术语中英文对照文档,为这一领域的从业者提供了一个宝贵的资源,无论是在制作、拍摄、后期制作,还是电影的发行与审查等环节,都起到了关键作用...
以下是一些关键的名词术语及其详细解释: 1. 全球化(Globalization):全球化是一个涉及全球经济、政治、文化和技术等多方面相互作用的过程,其中国际商务活动的日益频繁是其显著特征之一。随着全球市场的开放,...
【招商专业术语详解】 招商是商业地产领域中的关键环节,涉及到商业项目的成功与否。本文将深入解析其中的关键术语,帮助新手快速融入行业。 1. **业态**:业态指的是零售业的不同形式,结合商品和服务,满足顾客...