centos 6.2 64位安装nginx php mysql

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平台环境http://jiyunjie.blog.51cto.com/5348020/946860

centos 6.2 64位 nginx-1.2.1 php-5.3.14 mysql-5.5.25

阿里云2g内存实例，具体参数调整根据自己主机调整

里面也提到一部分修改建议

32位centos 512内存参考

http://jiyunjie.blog.51cto.com/5348020/907534

一、阿里云主机默认不挂载数据盘，先挂载

用 fdisk -l|grep Disk 查看你的系统有几块盘。

如：

Disk /dev/xvda: 160.0 GB, 160000000000 bytes

Disk /dev/xvdb: 160.0 GB, 160000000000 bytes

提示这个

disk /dev/xvdb doesn t contain a valid partition table

就是没有挂载，现在我们先挂载

1. 切换到root;

2. 运行命令 "fdisk /dev/xvdb";

3. 根据提示，依次输入 "n", "p", "1";

4. 然后，按两次回车;

5. 输入 "w", 当提示Syncing disks.时，表示已成功完成分区;

6. 输入 "mkfs.ext3 /dev/xvdb1" 格式化分区；这里要耐心等待

7. 输入 "mkdir /data0"建立挂载目录

8. 使用"mount /dev/xvdb1 /data0 "命令挂载分区后即可使用。

9. vi /etc/fstab

按 i

最后一行写入

/dev/xvdb1 /data0 ext3 defaults 0 0

按esc

输入:wq ，回车

操作完毕，完

附：也可以用这个

包括重装系统后，发现挂载的硬盘不见了

fdisk -l后，出现Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

如果都没数据的话，要先做文件系统

做文件系统

mke2fs -j /dev/sdb

然后挂载硬盘，即搞定

mkdir /data1

mount /dev/sdb /data1

但是这样会丢掉硬盘中所有数据

可以用下面命令查看磁盘容量及挂载点

df -lh

二、安装依赖库和开发环境

阿里云主机64位默认不支持安装gcc的，32位可以省略此步骤

错误提示：kernel-headers >= 2.2.1

解决办法是，打开 /etc/yum.conf 然后找到这行：

exclude=kernel*

修改为：

exclude=

就可以安装 gcc 了。

安装升级所需程序库

sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

64位编译mysql5.5.25a可能会出现各种各样的问题，下面的库也一起安装吧，有部分重复的自己去掉

yum -y install bison gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel libtool-ltdl-devel* mysql-devel

三、下载所需程序

mkdir -p /data0/soft
cd /data0/soft
wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.3.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://www.nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.1.tar.gz
wget http://mysql.ntu.edu.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-3.0.6.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz

四、安装PHP 5.3.14

tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

五、编译安装MySQL 5.5.25a

tar zxvf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.8
./configure
gmake
gmake install
cd ../

64位系统安装cmake后执行cmake命令，如不能找到命令，是环境变量的问题，可到cmake目录再执行cmake命令
或添加环境变量，如能直接执行，此步可省略，设置环境变量# export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.25a

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
make
make intall

chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../

附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

#设置mysql我这里分两种方案，可以任选其一。

方案一:

#在support-files目录中有五个配置信息文件：这里我们选择内存1-2G的

#my-small.cnf (内存<=64M)

#my-medium.cnf (内存 128M)

#my-large.cnf (内存 512M)

#my-huge.cnf (内存 1G-2G)

#my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf (内存 4GB)

cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf

编辑配置文件,在

#在 [mysqld] 段增加

datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data #添加MySQL数据库路径
wait-timeout = 30
max_connections = 512
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
max_allowed_packet = 16M

方案二:

关于my.cnf配置文件，我这里贴一个我配置的，仅作参考，可以忽略。如选择此方案，在/etc/my.cnf 里面输入下面的内容

[client]

default-character-set = utf8

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

character-set-server = utf8

replicate-ignore-db = mysql

replicate-ignore-db = test

replicate-ignore-db = information_schema

user = mysql

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql

datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data

log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log

pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid

#默认10240

open_files_limit = 9600

#默认600

back_log = 300

#默认5000

max_connections = 2000

#默认6000

max_connect_errors = 3000

table_cache = 614

table_open_cache = 614

external-locking = FALSE

max_allowed_packet = 32M

sort_buffer_size = 1M

join_buffer_size = 1M

#默认300

thread_cache_size = 150

#双核的话设4,4核设8，此处禁止了

#thread_concurrency = 8

#默认512

query_cache_size = 256M

query_cache_limit = 2M

query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k

default-storage-engine = MyISAM

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

#默认246

tmp_table_size = 128M

max_heap_table_size = 246M

long_query_time = 3

log-slave-updates

log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog

binlog_cache_size = 4M

binlog_format = MIXED

max_binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_size = 1G

relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

expire_logs_days = 30

#默认256

key_buffer_size = 64M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

#默认64

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M

#默认128

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120

wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve

#master-connect-retry = 10

slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host = 192.168.1.2

#master-user = username

#master-password = password

#master-port = 3306

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 128M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log

#long_query_time = 10

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 32M

[myisamchk]

#默认256

key_buffer_size = 128M

#默认256

sort_buffer_size = 128M

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

以上配置文件仅作1.5G内存主机参考

#生成授权表

./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql #生成mysql系统数据库

#更改密码

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '12345678'

#开启mysql

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

#通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车，上处修改密码了的话这里要输入的）：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
show databases;
exit;

#设置开机启动

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

#加入

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

可以暂时停止mysql

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

//mysql安装到此截止了，php请看下一章

附：常用mysql命令：

（1）查看用户信息

select user,host,password from mysql.user;

（2）输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

（3）创建数据库

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u admin -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

(注意密码是 12345678)

MySQL>create database blog;

MySQL>flush privileges;

查询用户下的数据库

SHOW DATABASES;

查询数据库编码：SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）如果是64位操作系统，需要先进行下步工作

如果是64位操作系统，需要先进行下步工作

解决没有安装 patch 工具问题，

解决imagemagick问题

解决 configure: error: libjpeg.(a|so) not found 错误

解决configure: error: libpng.(a|so) not found

解决 configure: error: Cannot find ldap libraries in /usr/lib 错误，上面的错误也可用这种方法解决

yum install patch
yum -y install perl-CPAN
ln -s /usr/lib64/libjpeg.so /usr/lib/libjpeg.so
ln -s /usr/lib64/libpng.so /usr/lib/libpng.so
ln -s /usr/lib64/libldap.so /usr/lib/libldap.so

tar zxvf php-5.3.14.tar.gz
cd php-5.3.14/
ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so /usr/lib64/
ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18

32位系统应该是下面的，为免出错，可以全做

ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so /usr/lib/
ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-3.0.6.tgz
cd memcache-3.0.6/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

5、修改php.ini

手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的找到

找到：;date.timezone =

修改为：date.timezone = PRC #设置时区

找到：expose_php = On

修改为：expose_php = OFF #禁止显示php版本的信息

找到：display_errors = On

修改为：display_errors = OFF #关闭错误提示

查找extension_dir = "./"

修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"

　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：

　　extension = "memcache.so"

　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

　　extension = "imagick.so"

查找

short_open_tag = Off

修改

short_open_tag = On

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
chmod 777 /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="64"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

7、创建www用户和组，以及供两个虚拟主机使用的目录：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）

cp /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

修改

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

php_flag[display_errors] = off;不显示错误信息

pm.max_children = 36 ;静态方式下开启的php-fpm进程数量，内存小于3g不要超过64

pm.start_servers = 5;动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量。

pm.min_spare_servers = 5;动态方式下的最小php-fpm进程数量

pm.max_spare_servers = 36;动态方式下的最大php-fpm进程数量

pm.max_requests = 512

user = www

group = www

pm = dynamic;进程数动态模式不清楚的不要修改

;pm = static;进程数静态模式不清楚的不要修改

pid = run/php-fpm.pid ;取消前面的分号

#检查语法是否正确

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm -t

#出现NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful 测试成功

启动fpm

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm &

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