Debian5.0上安装Oracle10g全过程

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Oracle C++C C#.net

// 安装必要的软件包
apt-get update
apt-get install gcc
apt-get install make
apt-get install binutils
apt-get install lesstif2
apt-get install libc6
apt-get install rpm
apt-get install libaio1
apt-get install gawk
apt-get install mawk
apt-get install openjdk-6-jre
apt-get install x11-apps
apt-get install unzip
apt-get install xterm

// 关闭主机，然后添加两块SCSI硬盘DISK2和DISK3，重启主机。发现/dev目录下有sdb和sdc两个设备文件了。
oracle:/dev# ls -l sd
sda   sda1  sda2  sdb   sdc

// 创建物理卷（PV）
oracle:/dev# pvcreate /dev/sdb 
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created

// 创建卷组VG（opt-vg）
oracle:/dev# vgcreate opt-vg /dev/sdb 
  Volume group "opt-vg" successfully created

// 查看下刚创建的卷组基本信息：
oracle:/dev# vgdisplay -v opt-vg
    Using volume group(s) on command line
    Finding volume group "opt-vg"
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               opt-vg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               8.00 GB
  PE Size               4.00 MB
  Total PE              2047
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       2047 / 8.00 GB
  VG UUID               nrYFvh-Wldp-3ExL-aYso-pGZR-C0P5-0tO3U5
   
  --- Physical volumes ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb     
  PV UUID               7Bxblc-WVgT-GSbs-vnfD-NjPg-408q-KnqNpk
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    2047 / 2047

// 创建LV（opt-lv）,将刚才创建的VG全部分给新创建的LV（将PE全部分过去）。
oracle:/dev# lvcreate -l 2047 -n opt-lv opt-vg   
  /dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
  Logical volume "opt-lv" created

// 创建文件系统
oracle:/dev# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/opt-vg/opt-lv 
mke2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
524288 inodes, 2096128 blocks
104806 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648
64 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

// 建立新的卷标
oracle:/dev# tune2fs -L/opt /dev/opt-vg/opt-lv 
tune2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)

// 加载新的分区
oracle:/# mount -t ext3 /dev/opt-vg/opt-lv /opt/
oracle:/# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/oracle-root
                      322M  133M  173M  44% /
tmpfs                 253M     0  253M   0% /lib/init/rw
udev                   10M  612K  9.5M   6% /dev
tmpfs                 253M     0  253M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             228M   26M  191M  12% /boot
/dev/mapper/oracle-home
                      2.7G   69M  2.5G   3% /home
/dev/mapper/oracle-tmp
                      233M  6.1M  215M   3% /tmp
/dev/mapper/oracle-usr
                      2.7G  666M  2.0G  26% /usr
/dev/mapper/oracle-var
                      1.3G  115M  1.2G  10% /var
/dev/mapper/opt--vg-opt--lv
                      7.9G  147M  7.4G   2% /opt

// 再次查看VG信息
oracle:/opt# vgdisplay opt-vg -v
    Using volume group(s) on command line
    Finding volume group "opt-vg"
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               opt-vg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               8.00 GB
  PE Size               4.00 MB
  Total PE              2047
  Alloc PE / Size       2047 / 8.00 GB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               nrYFvh-Wldp-3ExL-aYso-pGZR-C0P5-0tO3U5
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                /dev/opt-vg/opt-lv
  VG Name                opt-vg
  LV UUID                w1UwAR-8nK8-O1i2-PTm1-mtrI-uiGV-dZlUVD
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                8.00 GB
  Current LE             2047
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           254:6
   
  --- Physical volumes ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb     
  PV UUID               7Bxblc-WVgT-GSbs-vnfD-NjPg-408q-KnqNpk
  PV Status             allocatable
  Total PE / Free PE    2047 / 0

// 按同样的方式基于/dev/sdc设备，创建oradatavg oradatalv。
// 配置/etc/fstab如下
oracle:~# cat /etc/fstab 
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc                    /proc           proc    defaults        0       0
/dev/mapper/oracle-root /               ext3    errors=remount-ro 0       1
/dev/sda1               /boot           ext2    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/oracle-home /home           ext3    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/oracle-tmp  /tmp            ext3    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/oracle-usr  /usr            ext3    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/oracle-var  /var            ext3    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/oracle-swap_1 none          swap    sw              0       0
/dev/optvg/optlv        /opt            ext3    defaults        0       2
/dev/oradatavg/oradatalv /oradata       ext3    defaults        0       2
/dev/hda                /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto     0       0
/dev/fd0                /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto  0       0

// 最终df -h为：
oracle:~# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/oracle-root
                      322M  133M  173M  44% /
tmpfs                 253M     0  253M   0% /lib/init/rw
udev                   10M  624K  9.4M   7% /dev
tmpfs                 253M     0  253M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             228M   26M  191M  12% /boot
/dev/mapper/oracle-home
                      2.7G   69M  2.5G   3% /home
/dev/mapper/oracle-tmp
                      233M  6.1M  215M   3% /tmp
/dev/mapper/oracle-usr
                      2.7G  666M  2.0G  26% /usr
/dev/mapper/oracle-var
                      1.3G  115M  1.2G  10% /var
/dev/mapper/optvg-optlv
                      7.9G  147M  7.4G   2% /opt
/dev/mapper/oradatavg-oradatalv
                      7.9G  147M  7.4G   2% /oradata

// 创建用户和组
# addgroup oinstall
# addgroup dba
# addgroup nobody
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /opt/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle
# usermod -g nobody nobody

// 创建目录
# mkdir -p /opt/oracle
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
# chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

// 修改/etc/sysctl.conf

# for oracle10g
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem    = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max   = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_max     = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max     = 262144
# end of oracle

// 修改/etc/security/limits.conf
# for oracle10g
oracle  soft    nofile  65536
oracle  hard    nofile  65536
oracle  soft    nproc   16384
oracle  hard    nproc   16384
# end of oracle10g

// 让修改生效
oracle:~# sysctl -p
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

// 创建程序软连接
# ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
# ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
# ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename

// 设置oracle用户的.profile
oracle@oracle:~$ cat .profile 
# oracle 10g start
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.1
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ngcrm
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/lib:/opt/oracle/lib/stubs:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export DISPLAY=192.168.1.115:0.0
# oracle 10g end

// 创建临时swap空间
oracle:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=/opt/tmp_swap bs=1k count=900000
900000+0 records in
900000+0 records out
921600000 bytes (922 MB) copied, 28.5178 s, 32.3 MB/s
oracle:~# file /opt/tmp_swap 
/opt/tmp_swap: data
oracle:~# chmod 600 /opt/tmp_swap 
oracle:~# mkswap /opt/tmp_swap 
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 921595 kB
no label, UUID=3d02a6ee-a9c3-4f7c-816c-bd05a9217347
oracle:~# swapon /opt/tmp_swap 
oracle:~# swapon -s
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/mapper/oracle-swap_1               partition       475128  616     -1
/opt/tmp_swap                           file            899992  0       -2

// 1.安装xmanager，运行xstart，配置如下图:
// 2.用xstart登录服务器，运行xclock，如果windows端出现一个小时钟表示DISPLAY环境变量配置正确。

// 上传Oracle安装介质，并解压
unzip Oracle10201_linux32.zip

// 安装前准备
echo "Red Hat Linux release 3.1" > /etc/redhat-release
oracle@oracle:~/database$ ./runInstaller

// 不创建/etc/redhat-release文件的情况下:
oracle@oracle:~/database$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs

//弹出OUI安装界面，下面的步骤和在windows上安装oracle基本一样。（略）
// 安装完后，还需用root登录执行如下两个脚本：