搭建Spring MVC 4开发环境八步走

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spring mvc tomcat java apache

Spring MVC作为SpringFrameWork的产品，自诞生之日，就受到广泛开发者的关注，如今Spring MVC在Java中的发展可谓是蒸蒸日上，如今如果再有开发者说，不了解Spring MVC，或许就被人笑掉大牙。煽情的话就不说了，先告诉大家如何搭建Spring MVC开发环境。

（一）工作环境准备：
      JDK 1.7
      Eclipse Kepler
      Apache Tomcat 8.0

（二）在Eclipse中新建Maven工程，在Archetype类型中，选择“maven-archetype-webapp”。

（三）配置pom.xml。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.favccxx.favsoft</groupId>
  <artifactId>favspringmvcrestful</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>favspringmvcrestful Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
   
   <properties>
      <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
   
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
     
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
     
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jstl</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
        <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
     
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>favspringmvcrestful</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

（四）在WEB-INF/web.xml，配置Spring MVC转发。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
    <display-name>favspringmvcrestful</display-name>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath*:spring-context.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

（五）在resources目录下，创建spring-context.xml，支持注解，页面路径解析等。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/s ... ing-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
         
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.favccxx.favsoft.favjson.controller"></context:component-scan>
     
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
     
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass"
            value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
</beans>

（六）新建HelloController类，使用注解完成Spring MVC类的调用。

package com.favccxx.favsoft.favjson.controller;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
     
    @RequestMapping("/greeting")
    public ModelAndView greeting(@RequestParam(value="name", defaultValue="World") String name) {
         System.out.println("Hello " + name);
         Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
         map.put("userName", name);
         return new ModelAndView("/hello",map);
    }
      
}

（七）创建/WEB-INF/views/hello.jsp，用来展现数据。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Hello</title>
</head>
<body>
    你好，${userName }
</body>
</html>

（八）在浏览器中，输入访问的URL：http://localhost:8080/favspringmvcrestful/greeting?name=%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3，运行效果如下：

2
顶

1
踩

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2014-12-11 14:00
浏览 3688
评论(3)
分类:编程语言
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3 楼 mdqy195905 2014-12-12

string2020 写道

我想做纯注解的，楼主有例子吗？

就是一个xml文件都没有的那种，全都是注解

Spring in Action 4th里有讲

public class MyWebInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class<?>[]{RootConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class<?>[]{WebConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    // 配置字符集过滤器
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);
        return new Filter[]{characterEncodingFilter};
    }

    // 通过customizeRegistration 注册 Servlet 3.0提供的文件上传功能
    @Override
    protected void customizeRegistration(javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration) {
//        MultipartConfigElement multipartConfigElement =
//                new MultipartConfigElement("/tmp/uploads", 1024 * 1024 * 200L, 1024 * 1024 * 200 * 5L, 0);
//        registration.setMultipartConfig(multipartConfigElement);
        registration.setAsyncSupported(true);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@EnableAsync
@ComponentScan("app.controller")
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    // 配置freemarker
    @Bean
    public FreeMarkerConfigurer freeMarkerConfigurer() {
        FreeMarkerConfigurer freeMarkerConfigurer = new FreeMarkerConfigurer();
        freeMarkerConfigurer.setTemplateLoaderPath("/WEB-INF/views/");
        freeMarkerConfigurer.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
        return freeMarkerConfigurer;
    }

    // 配置视图解析
    @Override
    public void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry) {
        Map<String, String> configValue = new HashMap<String, String>();
        configValue.put("contentType", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        registry.freeMarker().prefix("").suffix(".ftl").attributes(configValue);
    }

    // 配置消息解析
    @Override
    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
        StringHttpMessageConverter stringHttpMessageConverter = new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        MediaType textPlainMediaType = new MediaType("text", "plain", Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        MediaType textHtmlMediaType = new MediaType("text", "html", Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        List<MediaType> mediaTypeList = new ArrayList<MediaType>();
        mediaTypeList.add(textHtmlMediaType);
        mediaTypeList.add(textHtmlMediaType);
        stringHttpMessageConverter.setSupportedMediaTypes(mediaTypeList);
        converters.add(stringHttpMessageConverter);
    }

    // 使用apache common-fileupload提供的文件上传功能
    @Bean
    public MultipartResolver multipartResolver() throws IOException {
        CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver();
        multipartResolver.setUploadTempDir(new FileSystemResource("/tmp/uploads"));
        multipartResolver.setMaxUploadSize(209715200);
        multipartResolver.setMaxInMemorySize(0);
        return multipartResolver;
    }

    // 配置静态资源文件
    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }

}

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
@ComponentScan(
        basePackages = {"app"},
        excludeFilters = {
                @ComponentScan.Filter(value = EnableWebMvc.class)
        })
public class RootConfig {

    // --------------- 缓存管理--------------------------------//
    @Bean
    public EhCacheCacheManager cacheManager(CacheManager cm) {
        return new EhCacheCacheManager(cm);
    }

    @Bean
    public EhCacheManagerFactoryBean ehcache() {
        EhCacheManagerFactoryBean ehCacheFactoryBean =
                new EhCacheManagerFactoryBean();
        ehCacheFactoryBean.setConfigLocation(
                new ClassPathResource("/ehcache.xml"));
        return ehCacheFactoryBean;
    }
}

大体这样就可以了.

2 楼 yanqlv 2014-12-11

用了maven，网络不好。。。

1 楼 string2020 2014-12-11

我想做纯注解的，楼主有例子吗？

就是一个xml文件都没有的那种，全都是注解

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