利用Spring发送邮件

本文主要介绍如何使用简单的Spring邮件抽象层来实现邮件发送功能，对于JavaMail中的API并不做介绍。通过对比JavaMail的 API和Spring的邮件抽象层，我觉得，Spring的邮件抽象层优点就是简化了代码量，并能充分利用IOC功能；缺点就是要使用部分Spring API，使程序与第三方框架耦合。关于这方面的内容，可以参考Spring的参考手册。

闲言少叙，现在就说说Spring邮件抽象层。这里将要用的接口和类有：

1 ） MailSender ，它是发送邮件的主要接口，代码如下：

 

public interface MailSender { /*** Send the given simple mail message.

* @param simpleMessage the message to send

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException

* in case of failure when parsing the message

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException

* in case of authentication failure

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException

* in case of failure when sending the message

*/

void send(SimpleMailMessage simpleMessage) throws MailException;

/**

* Send the given array of simple mail messages in batch.

* @param simpleMessages the messages to send

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException

* in case of failure when parsing a message

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException

* in case of authentication failure

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException

* in case of failure when sending a message

*/

void send(SimpleMailMessage[] simpleMessages) throws MailException;

}

public interface MailSender { /*** Send the given simple mail message.

* @param simpleMessage the message to send

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException

* in case of failure when parsing the message

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException

* in case of authentication failure

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException

* in case of failure when sending the message

*/

void send(SimpleMailMessage simpleMessage) throws MailException;

/**

* Send the given array of simple mail messages in batch.

* @param simpleMessages the messages to send

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException

* in case of failure when parsing a message

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException

* in case of authentication failure

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException

* in case of failure when sending a message

*/

void send(SimpleMailMessage[] simpleMessages) throws MailException;

}

 

2 ）一个简单邮件信息的实现类 SimpleMailMessage 。

3 ） JavaMailSender 接口，提供使用 JavaMail 中 MimeMessage ，代码如下：

public interface MailSender { /*** Send the given simple mail message.

* @param simpleMessage the message to send

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException

* in case of failure when parsing the message

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException

* in case of authentication failure

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException

* in case of failure when sending the message

*/

void send(SimpleMailMessage simpleMessage) throws MailException;

/**

* Send the given array of simple mail messages in batch.

* @param simpleMessages the messages to send

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException

* in case of failure when parsing a message

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException

* in case of authentication failure

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException

* in case of failure when sending a message

*/

void send(SimpleMailMessage[] simpleMessages) throws MailException;

}

public interface MailSender { /*** Send the given simple mail message.

* @param simpleMessage the message to send

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException

* in case of failure when parsing the message

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException

* in case of authentication failure

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException

* in case of failure when sending the message

*/

void send(SimpleMailMessage simpleMessage) throws MailException;

/**

* Send the given array of simple mail messages in batch.

* @param simpleMessages the messages to send

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException

* in case of failure when parsing a message

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException

* in case of authentication failure

* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException

* in case of failure when sending a message

*/

void send(SimpleMailMessage[] simpleMessages) throws MailException;

}

 

使用 JavaMail ，需要依赖 mail.jar 和 activation.jar 两个包。利用 Spring 的 IOC 优势，可以通过配置文件来配置邮件发送信息。对于 MailSender ， Spring 提供了实现类 JavaMailSenderImpl ，可以如下配置 MailSender 信息。 

< bean id = "mailSender" class = "org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">

< property name = "host" value = "smtp.126.com">

< property name = "javaMailProperties" >

< props >

< prop key = "mail.smtp.auth" > true

< prop key = "mail.smtp.timeout" > 20000

< property name = "username" value = "kafka0102">

< property name = "password" value = "****">

< bean id = "mailSender" class = "org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl"> 

< property name = "host" value = "smtp.126.com">

< property name = "javaMailProperties" >

< props >

< prop key = "mail.smtp.auth" > true

< prop key = "mail.smtp.timeout" > 20000

< property name = "username" value = "kafka0102">

< property name = "password" value = "****">

 

可以想到，如果是在 Service 中调用 mailSender ，可以通过 IOC 将 mailSender 注入到 Service 中。这里给出一个简单的使用演示：

 

BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "service-applicationContext.xml" );

MailSender ms = (MailSender)bf.getBean( "mailSender" );

SimpleMailMessage smm = new SimpleMailMessage();

smm.setTo( "[e-mail]" );

smm.setFrom( "[e-mail]" );

smm.setSubject( "hello" );

smm.setText( "I am you" );

ms.send(smm);

BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "service-applicationContext.xml" );

MailSender ms = (MailSender)bf.getBean( "mailSender" );

SimpleMailMessage smm = new SimpleMailMessage();

smm.setTo( "[e-mail]" );

smm.setFrom( "[e-mail]" );

smm.setSubject( "hello" );

smm.setText( "I am you" );

ms.send(smm);

 

其中， SimpleMailMessage 也可以通过配置文件配置使用到的属性。 SimpleMailMessage 不能发送带有附件的邮件，这时就需要 JavaMailSender （它的实现类也是 JavaMailSenderImpl ）， MimeMessagePreparator 的实现类和部分 JavaMail API 。 mailSender 的配置不变，添加一个实现 MimeMessagePreparator 的类 OneMimeMessagePreparator ，代码如下。

import java.util.Date; import javax.activation.DataHandler;

import javax.activation.FileDataSource;

import javax.mail.Message;

import javax.mail.Multipart;

import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;

import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;

import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;

import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessagePreparator;

public class OneMimeMessagePreparator implements MimeMessagePreparator{

public void prepare(MimeMessage mm) throws Exception {

mm.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType. TO , new InternetAddress( "[e-mail]" ));

mm.setFrom( new InternetAddress( "[e-mail]" ));

mm.setSubject( "I am you" );

Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();

MimeBodyPart mbp = new MimeBodyPart();

mbp.setText( "hello kafka0102" );

mp.addBodyPart(mbp);

String[] files = new String[]{
"/home/kafka0102/Document/ 常用基础算法 .txt" ,
 "/home/kafka0102/Document/21164.html" };

for (String f : files){

MimeBodyPart mbpFile = new MimeBodyPart();

FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource(f);

mbpFile.setDataHandler( new DataHandler(fds));

mbpFile.setFileName(fds.getName());

mp.addBodyPart(mbpFile);

}

mm.setContent(mp);

mm.setSentDate( new Date());

}

}

import java.util.Date; import javax.activation.DataHandler;

import javax.activation.FileDataSource;

import javax.mail.Message;

import javax.mail.Multipart;

import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;

import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;

import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;

import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessagePreparator;

public class OneMimeMessagePreparator implements MimeMessagePreparator{

public void prepare(MimeMessage mm) throws Exception {

mm.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType. TO , new InternetAddress( "[e-mail]" ));

mm.setFrom( new InternetAddress( "[e-mail]" ));

mm.setSubject( "I am you" );

Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();

MimeBodyPart mbp = new MimeBodyPart();

mbp.setText( "hello kafka0102" );

mp.addBodyPart(mbp);

String[] files = new String[]{
"/home/kafka0102/Document/ 常用基础算法 .txt" ,
 "/home/kafka0102/Document/21164.html" };

for (String f : files){

MimeBodyPart mbpFile = new MimeBodyPart();

FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource(f);

mbpFile.setDataHandler( new DataHandler(fds));

mbpFile.setFileName(fds.getName());

mp.addBodyPart(mbpFile);

}

mm.setContent(mp);

mm.setSentDate( new Date());

}

}

 

OneMimeMessagePreparator 的功能就是配置 MimeMessage ，其中添加了两个附件。下面就是简单的使用方法。

 

BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("service-applicationContext.xml");

JavaMailSender ms = (JavaMailSender)bf.getBean("mailSender");

ms.send(new OneMimeMessagePreparator());

BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("service-applicationContext.xml");

JavaMailSender ms = (JavaMailSender)bf.getBean("mailSender");

ms.send(new OneMimeMessagePreparator());