简短oracle安装说明

下面以 $ 开头的命令都是由oracle执行的
          # 开头的命令都是由root执行的

        

1. 创建用户和组
-------------------------添加安装过程中需要用到的用户和组
$ su -
# groupadd oinstall
# groupadd dba
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle

2. 创建目录
--------------------------
我们将把所有东西都安装到在 /opt/oracle 目录下：
# mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/9.2.0
# chown -R oracle.oinstall /opt/app/oracle

3. 系统配置
--------------------------
a) 设置内核参数
编辑/etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmax = 536870912 这里设置为物理内存的一半 1G内存的话为：512×1024×1024
kernel.shmmni = 4096 2G 内存的话为：1024×1024×1024
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 其他的值都不用动
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

sem 4个参数依次为 SEMMSL(每个用户拥有信号量最大数)；
SEMMNS(系统信号量最大数)；
SEMOPM(每次semopm系统调用操作数)；
SEMMNI(系统辛苦量集数最大数).
Shmmax 最大共享内存2GB 物理内存如果小的话可以设置成 536870912.
Shmmni 最小共享内存 4096KB.
Shmall 所有内存大小.

执行sysctl以反映修改 使内核参数立刻生效，重启也可以
# sysctl –p

也可以在运行时通过执行下列命令更改内核参数：
#echo 250 32000 100 128 > /proc/sys/kernel/sem
#echo 268435456 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax  # 1/2 * mem_size(M) * 1024 *1024
#echo 4096 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
#echo 524288 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall # mem_size(M) * 1024
#echo 65536  > /proc/sys/fs/file-max
#echo 1024 65000 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range

b) 设置oracle对文件的要求
修改文件：/etc/security/limits.conf 
#echo oracle soft nofile 65536 >> /etc/security/limits.conf
#echo oracle hard nofile 65536 >> /etc/security/limits.conf
#echo oracle soft nproc 16384 >> /etc/security/limits.conf
#echo oracle hard nproc 16384 >> /etc/security/limits.conf

c) 设置环境变量
在/home/oracle/.bash_profile 中添加如下行:
export ORACLE_SID=zhang
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/9.2.0
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/app/oracle/9.2.0/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/X11R6/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=/opt/app/oracle/9.2.0/network/admin
export ORA_NLS33=/opt/app/oracle/9.2.0/ocommon/nls/admin/data
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/opt/app/oracle/9.2.0/bin

4. 打补丁、安装需要的包, 至于为什么要做这些工作，后面有个Tips，给出了安装中出现的错误及其Solution
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a) 补丁说明:
p3006854_9204_LINUX.zip 安装前就要打好的补丁
p2617419_210_GENERIC.zip 安装后要打的（这只是一个伴随补丁，只要设置它的
环境变量）
p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip 安装后要打的9204的补丁,修复agent错误的补丁.
http://www.opennet.ru/soft/ora_inst/

compat-libcwait-2.0-2.i386.rpm LINUX AS 4 的补丁在安装前就要打
compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm LINUX AS 4 的补丁在安装前就要打,但我没安装它
http://oss.oracle.com/projects/compat-oracle/files/RedHat/

b) 打p3006854_9204_LINUX.zip
# unzip p3006854_9204_LINUX.zip
# chmod +x 3006854/rhel3_pre_install.sh
# 3006854/rhel3_pre_install.sh

c) 安装 compat-libcwait-2.1-1.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh compat-libcwait-2.1-1.i386.rpm

d) 一些需要的包，这些包可以从系统盘中找到
# rpm -ivh compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.rpm 
# rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm 
# rpm -ivh libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh openmotif-2.3.0-0.3.el5.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh openmotif-devel-2.3.0-0.3.el5.i386.rpm

d) gnome-libs-1.4.2-7.rhel5.i386.rpm 和 一些依赖包
   这些包网上都可以找到
# rpm -ivh giflib-4.1.3-8.i386.rpm 
# rpm -ivh glib-1.2.10-26.fc7.i386.rpm 
# rpm -ivh libpng10-1.0.18-2.i386.rpm 
# rpm -ivh ORBit-0.5.17-22.rhel5.i386.rpm 
# rpm -ivh gtk+-1.2.10-57.fc7.i386.rpm 
# rpm -ivh imlib-1.9.15-2.fc7.i386.rpm 
# rpm -ivh gnome-libs-1.4.2-7.rhel5.i386.rpm 

e) 创建链接
# ln -s /usr/lib/libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 /usr/lib/libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2

到这你可以能会说前面的两个补丁还没打，请别着急，后面会用到它们的
好，我们继续...

5. 开始安装oracle
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) 准备工作
   download oracle 9i
   http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/oracle9i/htdocs/linuxsoft.html
   
   解压
   $ zcat ship_9204_linux_disk1.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv
   $ zcat ship_9204_linux_disk2.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv
   $ zcat ship_9204_linux_disk3.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv
   
2) 请重启X然后用oracle登陆系统, 否则会出现一些列的错误,如：xhost +、环境变量、etc
$ Disk1/runInstaller
没有特别说明的均按默认设置，根据界面提示，然后点 Next 或 OK即可.
Oracle install group : oinstall
Global Database Name : ox0spy.org (可根据你的情况填写)
这个过程中还会出现两次提示，让你运行指定目录下的脚本，根据提示做就可以了

3) 现在应该安装到Configuration Tools了，如果在这出现错误，提示Configuration Tools安装失败，
   不要着急，我们还有两个补丁没打呢. 其实准确的说是一个补丁, p2617419_210_GENERIC.zip只是
   一个伴随补丁, 我这不需要，手动完成就好
   解决Agent Configuration Assistant安装失败
$ unzip p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip
$ cp 3238244/files/lib/stubs/* $ORACLE_HOME/lib/stubs/
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib/
$ make -f ins_oemagent.mk install
  
  解决 Oracle Net Configuration Assistant, Oracle Database Configuration Assistant 安装失败
$ rm $ORACLE_HOME/JRE
$ ln -s $ORACLE_BASE/jre/1.3.1/  $ORACLE_HOME/JRE
$ ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/JRE/bin/java $ORACLE_HOME/JRE/bin/jre
$ ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/JRE/bin/i386/native_threads/java $ORACLE_HOME/JRE/bin/i386/native_threads/jre

OK，现在Retry，你就可以成功安装Configuration Tools了，安装也就结束了...

==================================================
*Tips: （这是我安装过程中出现的问题及其解决方法）
==================================================

1. error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2:
cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory - after
./runInstaller execution.
==================================================================
Solution:
su -
# cd /usr/lib
# ln -s libstdc++-3-libc6.2-2-2.10.0.so libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2

2. Oracle 9i Patch
==========================
p2617419_220_GENERIC.zip
p3006854_9204_LINUX.zip
p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip
http://www.opennet.ru/soft/ora_inst/

compat-libcwait-2.0-2.i386.rpm
compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm
http://oss.oracle.com/projects/compat-oracle/files/RedHat/

3. 几个需要的包所在的路径
===========================
compat-db -- AS5 disk 3
compat-gcc-34 -- 2
compat-gcc-34-c++ -- 2
compat-libgcc -- 3
openmotif -- 3

4. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError:
/tmp/OraInstall2007-12-06_07-00-08PM/jre/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6:
cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
========================================================================
Solution: install the follow RPMs
libXpm -- 1
libXpm-devel -- 2
libXp -- 2
libXp-devel -- 2

5. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.InternalError: Can't connect to
X11 window server using ':0.0' as the value of the DISPLAY variable.
at sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment.initDisplay(Native Method)
at
sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment.<clinit>(X11GraphicsEnvironment.java:59)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:120)
at
java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment(GraphicsEnvironment.java:58)
at java.awt.Window.<init>(Window.java:188)
at java.awt.Frame.<init>(Frame.java:315)
at java.awt.Frame.<init>(Frame.java:262)
at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicInstaller.main(OiicInstaller.java:593)
======================================================================================
Solution: (xhost +的问题 )
1. 用oracle用户登录x-window
或者
2.用root用户运行
# xhost +

6. Fatal: Stack size too small. Use 'ulimit -s' to increase default
stack size.
==========================
第二次运行就正常了

7. $ dbca   // 无法启动dbca，提示错误如下:
/opt/oracle/jre/1.1.8/bin/../lib/i686/green_threads/libzip.so: symbol
errno, version GLIBC_2.0 not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time
reference (libzip.so)
Unable to initialize threads: cannot find class java/lang/Thread
Could not create Java VM
==========================
Solution: (参考 冷风的Fedora 7最新安装Oracle9204手记)
$ cd /opt/app/oracle/product/9.2.0
$ ls -l JRE
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle oinstall 25 Dec 7 10:11 JRE -> /opt/app/oracle/jre/1.1.8
$ rm JRE
$ ln -s /opt/app/oracle/jre/1.3.1 JRE
$ su -
# cd /opt/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/JRE/bin/
# ln -s java jre
# cd i386/native_threads/
# ln -s java jre

8. 快装完的时候有：
parameter "orahome"=/home/oracle/product/9.2.0
parameter "nodeinfo"=NO_value
提示失败。
=======================================================
Solution:
打上安装补丁p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip
unzip p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip
cd 3238244
手工将3238244/files/lib/stubs目录下的所有文件复制到
/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/stubs/目录下也可以,如下:
cp files/lib/stubs/* $ORACLE_HOME/lib/stubs/
重新连接编译"Agent"相关程序
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib/
make -f ins_oemagent.mk install
耐心等待成功编译。
再点击前面oracle安装程序中的"Agent Configuration Assistant"，并点击
"Retry"重新运行配置工具程序，过一会应该会成功,退出安装

9. /opt/app/oracle/9.2.0/Apache/Apache/bin/apachectl startssl: httpd
could not be started
/opt/app/oracle/9.2.0/Apache/Apache/bin/httpd: error while loading
shared libraries: libdb.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such
file or directory
=======================================================
Solution:
安装 gnome-libs-1.4.2-7.rhel5.i386.rpm 及其依赖的包
giflib-4.1.3-8.i386.rpm
libpng10-1.0.18-2.i386.rpm
glib-1.2.10-26.fc7.i386.rpm
ORBit-0.5.17-22.rhel5.i386.rpm
gnome-libs-1.4.2-7.rhel5.i386.rpm
rpmdb-redhat-4-0.20071031.src.rpm
imlib-1.9.15-2.fc7.i386.rpm
gtk+-1.2.10-57.fc7.i386.rpm

写在最后，为了更加容易安装，我写了三个简单的脚本
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ 为了使安装更加容易，我写了3个简单的脚本：
+                                           [url=http://ox0spy.googlepages.com/beforeInstallOracle.sh]beforeInstallOracle.sh,
+                                           [url=http://ox0spy.googlepages.com/patch_before_install.sh]patch_before_install.sh,
+                                           [url=http://ox0spy.googlepages.com/patch_configuration_tools.sh]patch_configuration_tools.sh 
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++
+ patch目录结构如下：
++++++++++++++++++++
C:\>tree /f D:\patch
卷 PROGRAM 的文件夹 PATH 列表
卷序列号码为 0006EE50 D662:9A5F
D:\PATCH
│  beforeInstallOracle.sh
│  p3006854_9204_LINUX.zip
│  p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip
│  patch_configuration_tools.sh
│  compat-libcwait-2.1-1.i386.rpm
│  patch_before_install.sh
│
└─rpm
    │  libXp-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm
    │  openmotif-2.3.0-0.3.el5.i386.rpm
    │  compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.rpm
    │  libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm
    │  compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm
    │  openmotif-devel-2.3.0-0.3.el5.i386.rpm
    │  compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm
    │  libXpm-3.5.5-3.i386.rpm
    │  compat-libgcc-296-2.96-138.i386.rpm
    │  libXpm-devel-3.5.5-3.i386.rpm
    │
    └─download
            gnome-libs-1.4.2-7.rhel5.i386.rpm
            ORBit-0.5.17-22.rhel5.i386.rpm
            libpng10-1.0.18-2.i386.rpm
            gtk+-1.2.10-57.fc7.i386.rpm
            gnome-libs-devel-1.4.2-7.rhel5.i386.rpm
            glib-1.2.10-26.fc7.i386.rpm
            imlib-1.9.15-2.fc7.i386.rpm
            giflib-4.1.3-8.i386.rpm
            rpmdb-redhat-4-0.20071031.src.rpm
            
注：由于补丁和包太大、网上也有，就不上传