ABAP--如何写动态台账统计表(简单代码)

Jack Wu

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在sap开发中常常需要开发台账表,台账的统计时间是变动的, 我们通常会用临时程序来处理。我这里介绍一个简单的动态台账表(统计月份，周等在有限范围内)的实现方法。
1、申明内表
DATA: BEGIN OF gt_list OCCURS 0,
        pernr    LIKE pa0001-pernr,        "员工编号
        ename    LIKE pa0001-ename,        "员工姓名
        gjj1 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "计算周期一字段
        gjj2 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj3 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj4 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj5 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj6 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj7 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj8 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj9 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj10 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj11 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "
        gjj12 TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "计算周期12字段
        gjj TYPE p DECIMALS 2,       "计算合计字段
      END OF gt_list.
计算的周期字段由自己需求最大来定义，本例子是12个月的台账统计报表，所以只定义12个字段；

2、定义统计周期参数
PARAMETERS: p_spmons TYPE s031-spmon OBLIGATORY MEMORY ID per DEFAULT sy-datum+0(6) .
PARAMETERS: p_spmone TYPE s031-spmon OBLIGATORY MEMORY ID per DEFAULT sy-datum+0(6) .

3、在AT SELECTION-SCREEN.事件中检查台账期间的合法性
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
CONCATENATE   p_spmons+0(6) '01' INTO g_sdate.
CONCATENATE   p_spmone+0(6) '01' INTO g_edate.
CALL FUNCTION 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS'
    EXPORTING
      day_in            = g_edate
    IMPORTING
      last_day_of_month = g_edate.
IF g_sdate > g_edate.
    MESSAGE '截止日期必须大于起始日期'   TYPE 'E'.
ENDIF.
CALL FUNCTION 'DURATION_DETERMINE'
    EXPORTING
      unit       = 'MON'
    IMPORTING
      duration   = g_count
    CHANGING
      start_date = g_sdate
      end_date   = g_edate.
IF g_count > 12.
    MESSAGE '台帐统计不能超过12个月份'   TYPE 'E'.
ENDIF.

4、如何定义显示Grid字段格式(参见红色部分代码)
FORM f_fieldcat_init USING im_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv
                           im_sort TYPE slis_t_sortinfo_alv.
DATA: ls_fieldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv,
        ls_sort TYPE slis_sortinfo_alv.
DATA: s TYPE d.
DATA: month(5).
DATA: field(20).
DATA: n TYPE i.
* "字段名要大写
s = g_sdate.

REFRESH im_fieldcat.
REFRESH im_sort.
CLEAR ls_fieldcat.
ls_fieldcat-fieldname = 'ENAME'.
ls_fieldcat-seltext_l = '员工姓名'.
ls_fieldcat-outputlen = '10'.
APPEND ls_fieldcat TO im_fieldcat.

*根据输入确定显示统计输出的字段
n = 1.
WHILE s+0(6) <= g_edate+0(6).
    WRITE n TO month LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
    CONCATENATE 'GJJ' month INTO month.
    CONCATENATE s+0(6) '月' '金额' INTO field.
    CLEAR ls_fieldcat.
    ls_fieldcat-fieldname = month.
    ls_fieldcat-seltext_m = field.
    ls_fieldcat-outputlen = 15.
    ls_fieldcat-do_sum    = 'X'.
    ls_fieldcat-no_zero   = 'X'.
    APPEND ls_fieldcat TO im_fieldcat.
    n = n + 1.
    CALL FUNCTION 'START_TIME_DETERMINE'
      EXPORTING
        duration   = -1
        unit       = 'MON'
      IMPORTING
        start_date = s
      CHANGING
        end_date   = s.
ENDWHILE.

CLEAR ls_fieldcat.
ls_fieldcat-fieldname = 'GJJ'.
ls_fieldcat-seltext_m = '合计'.
ls_fieldcat-outputlen = 15.
ls_fieldcat-do_sum = 'X'.
ls_fieldcat-no_zero = 'X'.
APPEND ls_fieldcat TO im_fieldcat.
endform.

5、如何在计算时填写内表的合适字段
data: l_monthdur type i,
        l_date type d.
      l_date = sdate."数据的日期
*计算数据的日期和起始日期的月份差
      CALL FUNCTION 'DURATION_DETERMINE'
        EXPORTING
          unit       = 'MON'
        IMPORTING
          duration   = l_monthdur
        CHANGING
          start_date = g_sdate
          end_date   = l_date.
      IF l_monthdur = 0.
        l_monthdur = 1.
      ENDIF.
*根据月份差将数据算到相应字段
          CASE l_monthdur.
            WHEN 1.
              gt_list-gjj1 = gt_list-gjj1 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 2.
              gt_list-gjj2 = gt_list-gjj2 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 3.
              gt_list-gjj3 = gt_list-gjj3 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 4.
              gt_list-gjj4 = gt_list-gjj4 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 5.
              gt_list-gjj5 = gt_list-gjj5 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 6.
              gt_list-gjj6 = gt_list-gjj6 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 7.
              gt_list-gjj7 = gt_list-gjj7 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 8.
              gt_list-gjj8 = gt_list-gjj8 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 9.
              gt_list-gjj9 = gt_list-gjj9 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 10.
              gt_list-gjj10 = gt_list-gjj10 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 11.
              gt_list-gjj11 = gt_list-gjj11 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
            WHEN 12.
              gt_list-gjj12 = gt_list-gjj12 + wa_rt_header-betrg / 2.
          ENDCASE.