RedHat Linux AS 5下Nginx的安装及Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡配置

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nginx RedHat Tomcat Linux PHP

一、软件准备

zlib-1.2.5.tar.gz[支持gzip]，下载地址：http://www.zlib.net/

pcre-8.10.tar.gz[支持rewrite module]，下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/

openssl-1.0.0a.tar.tar[支持ssl]，下载地址：http://www.openssl.org/source/

下载LATEST版本

nginx-0.8.53.tar.gz，下载地址：http://nginx.org/en/download.html

二、安装过程

由于ssl暂时没有用到，所以没有安装

1、解压缩相关软件

[root@localhost tools]# tar zxvf zlib-1.2.5.tar.gz

[root@localhost tools]# tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz

[root@localhost tools]# tar zxvf nginx-0.8.53.tar.gz

2、具体安装

[root@localhost tools]# cd nginx-0.8.53

[root@localhost nginx-0.8.53]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx

--with-http_realip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_flv_module

--with-http_dav_module –with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module

--with-http_addition_module --with-pcre=/opt/tools/pcre-8.10 --with-zlib=/opt/tools/zlib-1.2.5

[root@localhost nginx-0.8.53]#make

[root@localhost nginx-0.8.53]#make install

三、Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡配置

1、架构描述：

前端一台Nginx服务器做负载均衡，后端放两台[当然可以多台]tomcat服务器，通过

Nginx转发到后面tomcat服务器，并且做动静分离

Nginx服务器IP:192.168.11.197

Tomcat01服务器IP:192.168.11.191

Tomcat02服务器IP:192.168.11.192

2、修改Nginx配置文件

[root@localhost conf]# vi nginx.conf

#运行nginx所在的用户名和用户组

user nobody nobody;

#运行CPU个数，可以按照实际服务器来计算

worker_processes 1;

#设定错误日志

error_log logs/error.log;

#error_log logs/error.log notice;

#error_log logs/error.log info;

pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {

#设定连接数

worker_connections 1024;

}

http {

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

include /opt/nginx/conf/proxy.conf;

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

#设定请求缓冲

client_header_buffer_size 1k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;

#设定可以使用gzip相关参数

gzip on;

gzip_comp_level 7;

需要压缩的最小长度

gzip_min_length 1100;

gzip_buffers 4 8k;

#指定需要压缩的文件类型

gzip_types text/plain application/javascript text/css text/xml

gzip_types text/plain;

output_buffers 1 32k;

postpone_output 1460;

#设定访问日志

access_log logs/access.log main;

client_header_timeout 3m;

client_body_timeout 3m;

send_timeout 3m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

tcp_nodelay on;

# sendfile on;

#tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;

#keepalive_timeout 65;

#gzip on;

upstream tomcat_server{

#设定转向Server，weight代表优先级，优先级高的先访问

server 192.168.11.191:8080 weight=1;

server 192.168.11.192:8080 weight=2;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

charset gbk;

access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {

root /opt/www/root

index index.html index.htm index.jsp;

proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;

}

#设定查看Nginx状态的地址(非默认安装模块，需要在编译时加上

--with-http_stub_status_module)

location /status {

stub_status on;

access_log on;

auth_basic "status";

auth_basic_user_file conf/passwd;

}

#访问http://192.168.11.197/status会提示输入账号

#htpasswd用法

#首先在conf/目录下建立passwd文件，具体命令：touch passwd

#htpasswd –cb passwd user password

#css|js|ico|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|txt|html|htm|xml|swf|wav这些都是静态文件，

#但应分辨，js、css可能经常会变，过期时间应小一些，图片、

html基本不变，过期时间可以设长一些

location ~* ^.+\.(ico|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|html|htm)$ {

root /opt/www/root;

access_log off;

expires 30d;

}

location ~* ^.+\.(css|js|txt|xml|swf|wav)$ {

root /opt/www/root;

access_log off;

expires 24h;

}

#注：location不包括?后面带的参数，所以以上正则可以

#匹配http://192.168.11.197/image/sxxx.jpg?a=xxx

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root html;

}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

#location ~ \.php$ {

# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

#location ~ \.php$ {

# root html;

# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

# fastcgi_index index.php;

# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

# include fastcgi_params;

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

# concurs with nginx's one

#location ~ /\.ht {

# deny all;

}

# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration

#server {

# listen 8000;

# listen somename:8080;

# server_name somename alias another.alias;

# location / {

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

# }

# HTTPS server

#server {

# listen 443;

# server_name localhost;

# ssl on;

# ssl_certificate cert.pem;

# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;

# ssl_ciphers

ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;

# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

# location / {

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

# }

}

在conf目录下创建proxy.conf文件，文件内容为

proxy_redirect off;

proxy_set_header Host $host;

#获取真实IP

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

#获取代理者的真实IP

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

client_max_body_size 10m;

client_body_buffer_size 128k;

proxy_connect_timeout 90;

proxy_send_timeout 90;

proxy_read_timeout 90;

proxy_buffer_size 4k;

proxy_buffers 4 32k;

proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;

proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

3、测试Nginx

测试nginx.conf文件是否正确

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -t -c conf/nginx.conf

the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

Nginx启动

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -c /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

查看是否启动成功

[root@localhost sbin]# ps aux|grep nginx |grep -v grep

root 4612 0.0 0.0 3792 472 ? Ss Nov01 0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx

nobody 4613 0.0 0.1 4144 1284 ? S Nov01 0:05 nginx: worker process

出现上述两行代表启动成功

输入http://192.168.11.197/测试下效果吧

4、Nginx启动、关闭脚本

#!/bin/sh

# description: Starts, stops nginx

#chkconfig: 2345 20 80

#dscription: Startup script for nginx webserver on CentOS. Place in /etc/init.d

# Author: Touya

set -e

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/nginx

DESC="nginx daemon"

NAME=nginx

DAEMON=/opt/nginx/sbin/$NAME

CONFIGFILE=/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

PIDFILE=/opt/nginx/log/$NAME.pid

SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

# Gracefully exit if the package has been removed.
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

d_start() {
echo "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
$DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE || echo "already running"
}

d_stop() {
echo "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"
test -f $PIDFILE && kill -QUIT `cat $PIDFILE`
}

d_reload() {
echo "Reloading $DESC configuration…"
kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE` || echo "can’t reload"
}
case "$1" in
'start')
    d_start
    echo "started."
;;
'stop')
    d_stop
    echo "stoped."
;;
'reload')
    d_reload
    echo "reloaded."
;;
'restart')
    echo "Restarting $DESC: $NAME ..."
    d_stop
    # One second might not be time enough for a daemon to stop,
    # if this happens, d_start will fail (and dpkg will break if
    # the package is being upgraded). Change the timeout if needed
    # be, or change d_stop to have start-stop-daemon use --retry.
    # Notice that using --retry slows down the shutdown process somewhat.
    sleep 3
    d_start
    echo "done."
;;
'list')
    ps auxf | egrep '(PID|nginx)' | grep -v grep
;;
'test')
    $DAEMON -t -c $CONFIGFILE
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {reload|list|test|start|stop|restart}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
exit 0
保存文件nginx ，拷贝到/etc/init.d下，并chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --list nginx
service nginx supports chkconfig, but is not referenced in any runlevel (run 'chkconfig --add nginx')
增加后台服务
[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@localhost init.d]#
接下可以用service nginx start|restart|stop来操作你的nginx服务器（restart时重新读入config）