IOS学习笔记

1、UISearchBar自定义背景、取消按钮中文设置

UISearchBar *seachBar=[[UISearchBar alloc] init];

//修改搜索框背景
seachBar.backgroundColor=[UIColor clearColor];

//去掉搜索框背景
[[searchbar.subviews objectAtIndex:0]removeFromSuperview];

for (UIView *subview in seachBar.subviews)
{
if ([subview isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"UISearchBarBackground")])
{
[subview removeFromSuperview];
break;
}
}

//自定义背景
UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"40-di.png"]];
[searchBar insertSubview:imageView atIndex:1];

//输入搜索文字时隐藏搜索按钮，清空时显示
- (BOOL)searchBarShouldBeginEditing:(UISearchBar *)searchBar {
searchBar.showsScopeBar = YES;
[searchBar sizeToFit];
[searchBar setShowsCancelButton:YES animated:YES];
return YES;
}

- (BOOL)searchBarShouldEndEditing:(UISearchBar *)searchBar {
searchBar.showsScopeBar = NO;
[searchBar sizeToFit];
[searchBar setShowsCancelButton:NO animated:YES];
return YES;
}

//修改UISearchBar取消按钮中文字体
    for (id aa in [searchBar subviews]) {
        if ([aa isKindOfClass:[UIButton class]]) {
            UIButton *btn = (UIButton *)aa;
            [btn setTitle:@"取消" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        }
    }

 

2、UISearchBar

#pragma mark 搜索控件
//搜索
- (void)searchBarSearchButtonClicked:(UISearchBar *)searchBar{
    UIStoryboard *mainStory = [UIStoryboard storyboardWithName:@"MainStoryboard" bundle:nil];
    FirstViewController *fVC = [mainStory instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"goFirstView"];
    fVC.showStr = self.searchBar.text;
    [self presentModalViewController:fVC animated:YES];
}

//搜索输入内容时触发
- (void) searchBar:(UISearchBar *)searchBar textDidChange:(NSString *)searchText{

}

//焦点进入搜索
- (void) searchBarTextDidBeginEditing:(UISearchBar *)searchBar{
    self.soundBtn.hidden = YES;
    [self searchBar:searchBar activate:YES];

}

//取消搜索按钮
- (void) searchBarCancelButtonClicked:(UISearchBar *)searchBar {
    self.searchBar.text = @"";
    self.soundBtn.hidden = NO;
    [self searchBar:searchBar activate:NO];
}

- (void)searchBar:(UISearchBar *)searchBar activate:(BOOL) active{
    if (!active) {
        [self.searchBar resignFirstResponder];
    }

    [self.searchBar setShowsCancelButton:active animated:YES];
    //修改UISearchBar取消按钮字体
    for (id aa in [searchBar subviews]) {
        if ([aa isKindOfClass:[UIButton class]]) {
            UIButton *btn = (UIButton *)aa;
            [btn setTitle:@"取消" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        }
    }
}

 

3、NSNotificationCenter通告中心

   NSNotificationCenter通告与一个按钮中用addTarget绑定方法有些相似，按钮中的绑定触发事件时才调用关联消息。而NSNotificationCenter的范围则大得多，比如说摇动中，当触发摇动事件时，就提交并触发消息。

示例如下：

//1、需触发的消息方法
- (void) testNotification{
    NSLog(@"测试通告中心。。。。。。。");
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //2、对象注册，关联消息
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(testNotification) name:@"Dwen_Notification" object:nil];

}

#pragma 通告中心
- (IBAction)notificationTest:(id)sender {
    //3、提交消息
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"Dwen_Notification" object:@"Request Object"];
}

 

4、视图显示和消失将会调用的方法，可处理一些前一界面的还原初始状态。

- (void) viewWillDisappear:  视图消失时调用

- (void) viewWillAppear:      进入视图时调用

例如：点击搜索后，会的取消按钮，跳到下一界面再返回时，需把取消按钮隐藏掉可通过它们处理。

 

5、获取程序的AppDelegate

AppDelegate* appDelegate = (AppDelegate*)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];

 

6、ios4跳转界面

QuotaManageViewController *qmvc = [[QuotaManageViewController alloc] init];
   [self.navigationController pushViewController:qmvc animated:YES];
   [qmvc release];

 

7、UILable换行

lab_1.lineBreakMode = UILineBreakModeWordWrap;
lab_1.numberOfLines = 0;

 

8、ipad中设置tableview背景无效，有两种解决方法：

方法一：

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
    tableView2.backgroundView = view;

 方法二：

if ([self.tableView2 respondsToSelector:@selector(backgroundView)]) {
        self.tableView2.backgroundView = nil;
    }

 

9、自定义UIView时，会继承它，下面是如何加载UIView对应xib。

UIView *head_View = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:@"HeadView" owner:self options:nil] lastObject];
    head_View.frame = CGRectMake(0, -120, self.view.frame.size.width, 150);
    head_View.backgroundColor = [UIColor brownColor];
    [self.view addSubview:head_View];

 

10、对UIView进行旋转。2012-11-07

今天在做ipad时，弹出的pop视图，总是横屏放着，不能竖屏。纠结了些时间，后来通过修改视图的坐标解决了该问题。

CGAffineTransform at = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(M_PI/2);//顺时钟旋转90
        at = CGAffineTransformTranslate(at, 200, 0);
        [popVC.view setTransform:at];

 

11、关于在UIView上进行滑动手势和点击事件手势。

 

///////////注flowView为UIView//////////
 //添加滑动手势事件
    UIPanGestureRecognizer *gestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:flowView action:@selector(handleGesture:)];
    [flowView addGestureRecognizer:gestureRecognizer];

    //添加点击手势事件
    flowView.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
    UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:flowView action:@selector(goBigImageView)];
    [flowView addGestureRecognizer:tap];

 

//滑动手势（里面有手势的不同状态，根据需要进行灵活运用）
- (void)handleGesture:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
    //UITapGestureRecognizer
   if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged){
       NSLog(@"UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged");
   }else if(recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded){
       NSLog(@"UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded");
   }else if(recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan){
       NSLog(@"UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan");
   }else if(recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled){
       NSLog(@"UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled");
   }else if(recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed){
       NSLog(@"UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed");
   }else if(recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible){
       NSLog(@"UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible");
   }else if(recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized){
       NSLog(@"UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized");
   }

}

 

12、启动时异常

Couldn't register com.yourcompany.ReciteWords with the bootstrap server. Error: unknown error code.
This generally means that another instance of this process was already running or is hung in the debugger

解决方法，重启设备或模拟器

 

13、读写plist文件

- (void)readWritePlist{
         //获取路径
         NSString *homePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] executablePath];
    NSArray *strings = [homePath componentsSeparatedByString: @"/"];
    NSString *executableName  = [strings objectAtIndex:[strings count]-1];
    NSString *baseDirectory = [homePath substringToIndex:
                               [homePath length]-[executableName length]-1];
    //data.plist文件
    NSString *filePath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/data.plist",baseDirectory];
    NSLog(@"filePath: %@",filePath);
    NSMutableDictionary *dataDict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    NSLog(@"dataDict: %@",dataDict);
    //change the value or add the value
    [dataDict setObject:@"YES" forKey:@"Trial"];
        [dataDict setValue:@"dwen" forKey:@"nickName"];
        //write back to data.plist file
    [dataDict writeToFile:filePath atomically:NO];

}

 

14、ios生成随机数(三种方式)：

 int i = rand() % 5;

int i = random() % 5;

int  x = arc4random() % 100;//[0,100] 包括0 ，不包括100

int  y = (arc4random() % 501) + 500;//[500,1000 ]，包括500 ，不包括1000

 

15、UIImage图片处理：缩放、设定大小、存储 (转载)

//1.等比率缩放
- (UIImage *)scaleImage:(UIImage *)image toScale:(float)scaleSize{
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(image.size.width * scaleSize, image.size.height * scaleSize);
[image drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, image.size.width * scaleSize, image.size.height * scaleSize)];
UIImage *scaledImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
return scaledImage;
}

//2.自定长宽
- (UIImage *)reSizeImage:(UIImage *)image toSize:(CGSize)reSize{
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(reSize.width, reSize.height));
[image drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, reSize.width, reSize.height)];
UIImage *reSizeImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
return reSizeImage;
}

//3.处理某个特定View
只要是继承UIView的object 都可以处理
必须先import QuzrtzCore.framework
-(UIImage*)captureView:(UIView *)theView{
CGRect rect = theView.frame;
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);
CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
[theView.layer renderInContext:context];
UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
return img;
}

//4.储存图片
储存图片这里分成储存到app的文件里, 储存到手机的图片库里
// 储存到app的文件里
NSString *path = [[NSHomeDirectory()stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"]stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"image.png"];
[UIImagePNGRepresentation(image) writeToFile:pathatomically:YES];

 

16、object-c正则验证，方式之一，如下：

    NSPredicate用于指定过滤器的条件。通过该对象准确地描述所需条件，对每个对象通过谓词进行筛选，判断它们是否与条件相匹配。

NSString *numberRegex = @"[1-4]";
NSPredicate *number = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@",numberRegex];
bool result = [number evaluateWithObject:@"1"];

 

 

17、定义程序块

//定义程序块
    void(^loggerBlock)(void);
    //实现程序块
    loggerBlock = ^{NSLog(@"i am test block.");};
    //执行程序块
    loggerBlock();

 

18、反射

//反射(对CodingVo类进行反射)
    Class cls = NSClassFromString(@"CodingVo");
    id obj = [[cls alloc] init];
    SEL selector = NSSelectorFromString(@"test1");
   //调用CodingVo类中test1方法
    [obj performSelector:selector withObject:nil];

 

19、调用短信、电话、邮件、Safari浏览器API

//调用短信
- (IBAction)callMsg:(id)sender {
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"sms://135587"]];
}

//调用电话
- (IBAction)callTel:(id)sender {
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"tel://135587"]];
}

//调用Safari浏览器
- (IBAction)callSafari:(id)sender {
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com/"]];
}

// 调用email
- (IBAction)callEmail:(id)sender {
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"mailto://[e-mail]"]];
}

 

20、操作声音文件，添加AudioToolbox.framework库。

#import <AudioToolbox/AudioToolbox.h>

@property (assign,nonatomic) SystemSoundID soundID;

//测试播放声音
- (void) testSound{
    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"2" ofType:@"caf"];
    NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path];
    AudioServicesCreateSystemSoundID((__bridge CFURLRef)(url), &soundID);
    AudioServicesPlaySystemSound(soundID);
    NSLog(@"testSound...mp3音频文件格式不支持");
}

 

21、ios触摸事件监听和操作(UITouch)

//手指触摸屏幕时报告
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    NSLog(@"touchesBegan");
}
//手指在屏幕上移动时报告
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
     NSLog(@"touchesMoved");
}
//手指离开屏幕时报告
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
     NSLog(@"touchesEnded");
}
//因接听电话或其他因素导致取消触摸时报告
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
     NSLog(@"touchesCancelled");
}

 

22、\u00B0表示角度符号

NSString *latitudeStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%g\u00B0",newLocation.coordinate.latitude];

 

 23、实现ios动画效果有两种方式，一种是UIView层面上的,另一种是CATransation更底层次控制

 

24、设备信息

NSLog(@"系统名称：%@ ,系统版本： %@",[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemName],[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion]);

 

 25、MPMoviePlayerViewController控件中，需把Done改为中文，对工程中plist文件进行设置。对其他英文控件中的英文文本也有同样有效。设置见下图：

 

 26、文本层CATextLayer

 

CATextLayer *txtLayer = [CATextLayer layer];
        txtLayer.string = @"地球";
        txtLayer.foregroundColor = [[UIColor redColor] CGColor];
        txtLayer.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 50);
        txtLayer.position = CGPointMake(0, 0);
        [imageLayer addSublayer:txtLayer];

 

 27、assign、retain、copy、readonly区别

assign：指定setter方法用简单的赋值，这是默认操作。你可以对标量类型（如int）使用这个属性。你可以想象一个float，它不是一个对象，所以它不能retain、copy。

retain：指定retain应该在后面的对象上调用，前一个值发送一条release消息。你可以想象一个NSString实例，它是一个对象，而且你可能想要retain它。

copy：指定应该使用对象的副本（深度复制），前一个值发送一条release消息。基本上像retain，但是没有增加引用计数，是分配一块新的内存来放置它。

readonly：将只生成getter方法而不生成setter方法（getter方法没有get前缀）。

readwrite：默认属性，将生成不带额外参数的getter和setter方法（setter方法只有一个参数）。

atomic：对于对象的默认属性，就是setter/getter生成的方法是一个原子操作。如果有多个线程同时调用setter的话，不会出现某一个线程执行setter全部语句之前，另一个线程开始执行setter的情况，相关于方法头尾加了锁一样。

nonatomic：不保证setter/getter的原子性，多线程情况下数据可能会有问题

28、声明关键字前加extern，为外部变量。外部变量可被其他任何方法或函数访问和更改其值的变量。