Oracle RMAN 备份命令

1、切换服务器归档模式，如果已经是归档模式可跳过此步：%sqlplus /nolog (启动sqlplus)SQL> conn / as sysdba (以DBA身份连接数据库)SQL> shutdown immediate; (立即关闭数据库)SQL> startup mount (启动实例并加载数据库，但不打开)SQL> alter database archivelog; (更改数据库为归档模式)SQL> alter database open; (打开数据库)SQL> alter system archive log start; (启用自动归档)SQL> exit (退出)2、连接：%rman target=rman/rman@mydb (启动恢复管理器)3、基本设置：RMAN> configure default device type to disk; (设置默认的备份设备为磁盘)RMAN> configure device type disk parallelism 2; (设置备份的并行级别，通道数)RMAN> configure channel 1 device type disk format '/backup1/backup_%U'; (设置备份的文件格式，只适用于磁盘设备)RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk format '/backup2/backup_%U'; (设置备份的文件格式，只适用于磁盘设备)RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on; (打开控制文件与服务器参数文件的自动备份)RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/backup1/ctl_%F'; (设置控制文件与服务器参数文件自动备份的文件格式)4、查看所有设置：RMAN> show all;5、查看数据库方案报表：RMAN> report schema;6、备份全库：RMAN> backup database plus archivelog delete input; (备份全库及控制文件、服务器参数文件与所有归档的重做日志，并删除旧的归档日志)7、备份表空间：RMAN> backup tablespace system plus archivelog delete input; (备份指定表空间及归档的重做日志，并删除旧的归档日志)_8、备份归档日志：RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input;9、复制数据文件：RMAN> copy datafile 1 to '/oracle/dbs/system.copy';10、查看备份和文件复本：RMAN> list backup;11、验证备份：RMAN> validate backupset 3;12、从自动备份中恢复服务器参数文件：RMAN> shutdown immediate; (立即关闭数据库)RMAN> startup nomount; (启动实例)RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/backup1/mydb.ora' from autobackup; (从自动备份中恢复服务器参数文件)13、从自动备份中恢复控制文件：RMAN> shutdown immediate; (立即关闭数据库)RMAN> startup nomount; (启动实例)RMAN> restore controlfile to '/backup1' from autobackup; (从自动备份中恢复控制文件)13、恢复和复原全数据库：RMAN> shutdown immediate; (立即关闭数据库)RMAN> exit (退出)%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_12.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_12.bak (将数据文件重命名)%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_13.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_13.bak (将数据文件重命名)%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_14.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_14.bak (将数据文件重命名)%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_15.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_15.bak (将数据文件重命名)%rman target=rman/rman@mydb (启动恢复管理器)RMAN> startup pfile=/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora (指定初始化参数文件启动数据库)RMAN> restore database; (还原数据库)RMAN> recover database; (恢复数据库)RMAN> alter database open; (打开数据库)14、恢复和复原表空间：RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace users offline immediate'; (将表空间脱机)RMAN> exit (退出恢复管理器)%mv /oracle/dbs/users01.dbf /oracle/dbs/users01.bak (将表空间重命名)%rman target=rman/rman@mydb (启动恢复管理器)RMAN> restore tablespace users; (还原表空间)RMAN> recover tablespace users; (恢复表空间)RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace users online'; (将表空间联机)15、增量备份与恢复：第一天的增量基本备份：RMAN> backup incremental level=0 database plus archivelog delete input;第二天的增量差异备份：RMAN> backup incremental level=2 database plus archivelog delete input;第三天的增量差异备份：RMAN> backup incremental level=2 database plus archivelog delete input;第四天的增量差异备份：RMAN> backup incremental level=1 database plus archivelog delete input;第五天的增量差异备份：RMAN> backup incremental level=2 database plus archivelog delete input;第六天的增量差异备份：RMAN> backup incremental level=2 database plus archivelog delete input;第七天的增量差异备份：RMAN> backup incremental level=0 database plus archivelog delete input;增量恢复：RMAN> shutdown immediate;RMAN> exit%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_12.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_12.bak%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_13.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_13.bak%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_14.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_14.bak%mv /oracle/dbs/tbs_15.f /oracle/dbs/tbs_15.bak%rman target=rman/rman@mydbRMAN> startup pfile=/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.oraRMAN> restore database;RMAN> recover database;RMAN> alter database open;