django session实现

django的session是通过SessionMiddleware实现的。

 

import time

from django.conf import settings
from django.utils.cache import patch_vary_headers
from django.utils.http import cookie_date
from django.utils.importlib import import_module

class SessionMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request):
        engine = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE)
        session_key = request.COOKIES.get(settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME, None)
        request.session = engine.SessionStore(session_key)

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        """
        If request.session was modified, or if the configuration is to save the
        session every time, save the changes and set a session cookie.
        """
        try:
            accessed = request.session.accessed
            modified = request.session.modified
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        else:
            if accessed:
                patch_vary_headers(response, ('Cookie',))
            if modified or settings.SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST:
                if request.session.get_expire_at_browser_close():
                    max_age = None
                    expires = None
                else:
                    max_age = request.session.get_expiry_age()
                    expires_time = time.time() + max_age
                    expires = cookie_date(expires_time)
                # Save the session data and refresh the client cookie.
                request.session.save()
                response.set_cookie(settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME,
                        request.session.session_key, max_age=max_age,
                        expires=expires, domain=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
                        path=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_PATH,
                        secure=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE or None,
                        httponly=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY or None)
        return response

其中重点是

engine.SessionStore(session_key)

django提供了SessionBase以供扩展

import base64
import os
import random
import sys
import time
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
try:
    import cPickle as pickle
except ImportError:
    import pickle

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import SuspiciousOperation
from django.utils.hashcompat import md5_constructor
from django.utils.crypto import constant_time_compare, salted_hmac

# Use the system (hardware-based) random number generator if it exists.
if hasattr(random, 'SystemRandom'):
    randrange = random.SystemRandom().randrange
else:
    randrange = random.randrange
MAX_SESSION_KEY = 18446744073709551616L     # 2 << 63

class CreateError(Exception):
    """
    Used internally as a consistent exception type to catch from save (see the
    docstring for SessionBase.save() for details).
    """
    pass

class SessionBase(object):
    """
    Base class for all Session classes.
    """
    TEST_COOKIE_NAME = 'testcookie'
    TEST_COOKIE_VALUE = 'worked'

    def __init__(self, session_key=None):
        self._session_key = session_key
        self.accessed = False
        self.modified = False

    def __contains__(self, key):
        return key in self._session

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self._session[key]

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self._session[key] = value
        self.modified = True

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        del self._session[key]
        self.modified = True

    def keys(self):
        return self._session.keys()

    def items(self):
        return self._session.items()

    def get(self, key, default=None):
        return self._session.get(key, default)

    def pop(self, key, *args):
        self.modified = self.modified or key in self._session
        return self._session.pop(key, *args)

    def setdefault(self, key, value):
        if key in self._session:
            return self._session[key]
        else:
            self.modified = True
            self._session[key] = value
            return value

    def set_test_cookie(self):
        self[self.TEST_COOKIE_NAME] = self.TEST_COOKIE_VALUE

    def test_cookie_worked(self):
        return self.get(self.TEST_COOKIE_NAME) == self.TEST_COOKIE_VALUE

    def delete_test_cookie(self):
        del self[self.TEST_COOKIE_NAME]

    def _hash(self, value):
        key_salt = "django.contrib.sessions" + self.__class__.__name__
        return salted_hmac(key_salt, value).hexdigest()

    def encode(self, session_dict):
        "Returns the given session dictionary pickled and encoded as a string."
        pickled = pickle.dumps(session_dict, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
        hash = self._hash(pickled)
        return base64.encodestring(hash + ":" + pickled)

    def decode(self, session_data):
        encoded_data = base64.decodestring(session_data)
        try:
            # could produce ValueError if there is no ':'
            hash, pickled = encoded_data.split(':', 1)
            expected_hash = self._hash(pickled)
            if not constant_time_compare(hash, expected_hash):
                raise SuspiciousOperation("Session data corrupted")
            else:
                return pickle.loads(pickled)
        except Exception:
            # ValueError, SuspiciousOperation, unpickling exceptions
            # Fall back to Django 1.2 method
            # PendingDeprecationWarning <- here to remind us to
            # remove this fallback in Django 1.5
            try:
                return self._decode_old(session_data)
            except Exception:
                # Unpickling can cause a variety of exceptions. If something happens,
                # just return an empty dictionary (an empty session).
                return {}

    def _decode_old(self, session_data):
        encoded_data = base64.decodestring(session_data)
        pickled, tamper_check = encoded_data[:-32], encoded_data[-32:]
        if not constant_time_compare(md5_constructor(pickled + settings.SECRET_KEY).hexdigest(),
                                     tamper_check):
            raise SuspiciousOperation("User tampered with session cookie.")
        return pickle.loads(pickled)

    def update(self, dict_):
        self._session.update(dict_)
        self.modified = True

    def has_key(self, key):
        return self._session.has_key(key)

    def values(self):
        return self._session.values()

    def iterkeys(self):
        return self._session.iterkeys()

    def itervalues(self):
        return self._session.itervalues()

    def iteritems(self):
        return self._session.iteritems()

    def clear(self):
        # To avoid unnecessary persistent storage accesses, we set up the
        # internals directly (loading data wastes time, since we are going to
        # set it to an empty dict anyway).
        self._session_cache = {}
        self.accessed = True
        self.modified = True

    def _get_new_session_key(self):
        "Returns session key that isn't being used."
        # The random module is seeded when this Apache child is created.
        # Use settings.SECRET_KEY as added salt.
        try:
            pid = os.getpid()
        except AttributeError:
            # No getpid() in Jython, for example
            pid = 1
        while 1:
            session_key = md5_constructor("%s%s%s%s"
                    % (randrange(0, MAX_SESSION_KEY), pid, time.time(),
                       settings.SECRET_KEY)).hexdigest()
            if not self.exists(session_key):
                break
        return session_key

    def _get_session_key(self):
        if self._session_key:
            return self._session_key
        else:
            self._session_key = self._get_new_session_key()
            return self._session_key

    def _set_session_key(self, session_key):
        self._session_key = session_key

    session_key = property(_get_session_key, _set_session_key)

    def _get_session(self, no_load=False):
        """
        Lazily loads session from storage (unless "no_load" is True, when only
        an empty dict is stored) and stores it in the current instance.
        """
        self.accessed = True
        try:
            return self._session_cache
        except AttributeError:
            if self._session_key is None or no_load:
                self._session_cache = {}
            else:
                self._session_cache = self.load()
        return self._session_cache

    _session = property(_get_session)

    def get_expiry_age(self):
        """Get the number of seconds until the session expires."""
        expiry = self.get('_session_expiry')
        if not expiry:   # Checks both None and 0 cases
            return settings.SESSION_COOKIE_AGE
        if not isinstance(expiry, datetime):
            return expiry
        delta = expiry - datetime.now()
        return delta.days * 86400 + delta.seconds

    def get_expiry_date(self):
        """Get session the expiry date (as a datetime object)."""
        expiry = self.get('_session_expiry')
        if isinstance(expiry, datetime):
            return expiry
        if not expiry:   # Checks both None and 0 cases
            expiry = settings.SESSION_COOKIE_AGE
        return datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=expiry)

    def set_expiry(self, value):
        """
        Sets a custom expiration for the session. ``value`` can be an integer,
        a Python ``datetime`` or ``timedelta`` object or ``None``.

        If ``value`` is an integer, the session will expire after that many
        seconds of inactivity. If set to ``0`` then the session will expire on
        browser close.

        If ``value`` is a ``datetime`` or ``timedelta`` object, the session
        will expire at that specific future time.

        If ``value`` is ``None``, the session uses the global session expiry
        policy.
        """
        if value is None:
            # Remove any custom expiration for this session.
            try:
                del self['_session_expiry']
            except KeyError:
                pass
            return
        if isinstance(value, timedelta):
            value = datetime.now() + value
        self['_session_expiry'] = value

    def get_expire_at_browser_close(self):
        """
        Returns ``True`` if the session is set to expire when the browser
        closes, and ``False`` if there's an expiry date. Use
        ``get_expiry_date()`` or ``get_expiry_age()`` to find the actual expiry
        date/age, if there is one.
        """
        if self.get('_session_expiry') is None:
            return settings.SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE
        return self.get('_session_expiry') == 0

    def flush(self):
        """
        Removes the current session data from the database and regenerates the
        key.
        """
        self.clear()
        self.delete()
        self.create()

    def cycle_key(self):
        """
        Creates a new session key, whilst retaining the current session data.
        """
        data = self._session_cache
        key = self.session_key
        self.create()
        self._session_cache = data
        self.delete(key)

    # Methods that child classes must implement.

    def exists(self, session_key):
        """
        Returns True if the given session_key already exists.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def create(self):
        """
        Creates a new session instance. Guaranteed to create a new object with
        a unique key and will have saved the result once (with empty data)
        before the method returns.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def save(self, must_create=False):
        """
        Saves the session data. If 'must_create' is True, a new session object
        is created (otherwise a CreateError exception is raised). Otherwise,
        save() can update an existing object with the same key.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def delete(self, session_key=None):
        """
        Deletes the session data under this key. If the key is None, the
        current session key value is used.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

    def load(self):
        """
        Loads the session data and returns a dictionary.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError

 

AuthUser同样是通过Middleware实现

auth:

def get_user(request):
    from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
    try:
        user_id = request.session[SESSION_KEY]
        backend_path = request.session[BACKEND_SESSION_KEY]
        backend = load_backend(backend_path)
        user = backend.get_user(user_id) or AnonymousUser()
    except KeyError:
        user = AnonymousUser()
    return user

 LazyUser

class LazyUser(object):
    def __get__(self, request, obj_type=None):
        if not hasattr(request, '_cached_user'):
            from django.contrib.auth import get_user
            request._cached_user = get_user(request)
        return request._cached_user


class AuthenticationMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request):
        assert hasattr(request, 'session'), "The Django authentication middleware requires session middleware to be installed. Edit your MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES setting to insert 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware'."
        request.__class__.user = LazyUser()
        return None

 

 

session的执行流程

1. user_id = request.session[SESSION_KEY]

2. class SessionBase(object):
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self._session[key]

3.class SessionBase(object):
 def _get_session(self, no_load=False):
        """
        Lazily loads session from storage (unless "no_load" is True, when only
        an empty dict is stored) and stores it in the current instance.
        """
        self.accessed = True
        try:
            return self._session_cache
        except AttributeError:
            if self._session_key is None or no_load:
                self._session_cache = {}
            else:
                self._session_cache = self.load()
        return self._session_cache

    _session = property(_get_session)