工作相关的术语

1.SOA （Service-Oriented Architecture，面向服务架构）

 

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a flexible set of design principles used during the phases of systems development and integration in computing. A system based on a SOA will package functionality as a suite of interoperable services that can be used within multiple, separate systems from several business domains.

SOA是一种架构模型，它可以根据需求通过网络对松散耦合的粗粒度应用组件进行分布式部署、组合和使用。服务层是SOA的基础，可以直接被应用调用，从而有效控制系统中与软件代理交互的人为依赖性。

 

2.SAAS

Software as a service (SaaS, typically pronounced [sæs])软件即服务

 

 sometimes referred to as "on-demand software," is a software delivery model in which software and its associated data are hosted centrally (typically in the (Internet) cloud) and are typically accessed by users using a thin client, normally using a web browser over the Internet.

SaaS has become a common delivery model for most business applications, including accounting, collaboration, customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), invoicing, human resource management (HRM), content management (CM) and service desk management.^[1] SaaS has been incorporated into the strategy of all leading enterprise software companies.^[2][3]

　SaaS提供商为企业搭建信息化所需要的所有网络基础设施及软件、硬件运作平台，并负责所有前期的实施、后期的维护等一系列服务，企业无需购买软硬件、建设机房、招聘IT人员，即可通过互联网使用信息系统。就像打开自来水龙头就能用水一样，企业根据实际需要，从SaaS提供商租赁软件服务。

 

3.PAAS 平台即服务

Platform as a service (PaaS) is the delivery of a computing platform and solution stack as a service. PaaS offerings facilitate deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software and provisioning hosting capabilities,^[1] providing all of the facilities required to support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and services entirely available from the Internet.^[2]

PaaS(Platform as a Service，平台即服务)提供了基础架构，软件开发者可以在这个基础架构之上建设新的应用，或者扩展已有的应用，同时却不必购买开发、质量控制或生产服务器。Salesforce.com的Force.com、Google的App Engine和微软的Azure(微软云计算平台)都采用了PaaS的模式。这些平台允许公司创建个性化的应用，也允许独立软件厂商或者其他的第三方机构针对垂直细分行业创造新的解决方案。 

4.IAAS

IaaS^[1](Infrastructure as a Service)基础设施即服务

Infrastructure as a Service is a provision model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis.

　　消费者通过 Internet 可以从完善的计算机基础设施获得服务。这类服务称为基础设施即服务（Infrastructure asaService，IaaS）。基于 Internet 的服务（如存储和数据库）是 IaaS的一部分。Internet上其他类型的服务包括平台即服务（Platform as aService，PaaS）和软件即服务（Software as aService，SaaS）。PaaS提供了用户可以访问的完整或部分的应用程序开发，SaaS则提供了完整的可直接使用的应用程序，比如通过 Internet管理企业资源。

5.Cloud computing 云计算

is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network (typically the Internet).

云计算（英语：cloud computing），是一种基于互联网的计算方式，通过这种方式，共享的软硬件资源和信息可以按需提供给计算机和其他设备。整个运行方式很像电网。

云计算是继1980年代大型计算机到客户端-服务器的大转变之后的又一种巨变。用户不再需要了解“云”中基础设施的细节，不必具有相应的专业知识，也无需直接进行控制。^[1] 云计算描述了一种基于互联网的新的IT服务增加、使用和交付模式，通常涉及通过互联网来提供动态易扩展而且经常是虚拟化的资源。^[2][3] 云其实是网络、互联网的一种比喻说法。因为过去在图中往往用云来表示电信网，后来也用来表示互联网和底层基础设施的抽象。典型的云计算提供商往往提供通用的网络业务应用，可以通过浏览器等软件或者其他Web服务来访问，而软件和数据都存储在服务器上。云计算关键的要素，还包括个性化的用户体验。

云计算可以认为包括以下几个层次的服务：基础设施即服务（IaaS），平台即服务（PaaS）和软件即服务（SaaS）。云计算服务通常提供通用的通过浏览器访问的在线商业应用，软件和数据可存储在数据中心。