linux curl - curl 上传下载

【基本介绍】
curl  is  a  tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the supported protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SCP, SFTP, TFTP, DICT, TELNET, LDAP or FILE).  The command is designed to work without user interaction.

curl就是一个数据上传下载的工具，支持多种协议的非交互式命令工具

【基本参数】

[root@pandaVM tmp]# curl -h
Usage: curl [options...] <url>
Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only
    --anyauth       Pick "any" authentication method (H)
 -a/--append        Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)
    --basic         Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)
    --cacert <file> CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)
    --capath <directory> CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)
 -E/--cert <cert[:passwd]> Client certificate file and password (SSL)
    --cert-type <type> Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
    --ciphers <list> SSL ciphers to use (SSL)
    --compressed    Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)
 -K/--config <file> Specify which config file to read
    --connect-timeout <seconds> Maximum time allowed for connection
 -C/--continue-at <offset> Resumed transfer offset
 -b/--cookie <name=string/file> Cookie string or file to read cookies from (H)
 -c/--cookie-jar <file> Write cookies to this file after operation (H)
    --create-dirs   Create necessary local directory hierarchy
    --crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload
    --crlfile <file> Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file
 -d/--data <data>   HTTP POST data (H)
    --data-ascii <data>  HTTP POST ASCII data (H)
    --data-binary <data> HTTP POST binary data (H)
    --data-urlencode <name=data/name@filename> HTTP POST data url encoded (H)
    --delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission
    --digest        Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)
    --disable-eprt  Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)
    --disable-epsv  Inhibit using EPSV (F)
 -D/--dump-header <file> Write the headers to this file
    --egd-file <file> EGD socket path for random data (SSL)
    --engine <eng>  Crypto engine to use (SSL). "--engine list" for list
 -f/--fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)
 -F/--form <name=content> Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
    --form-string <name=string> Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
    --ftp-account <data> Account data to send when requested by server (F)
    --ftp-alternative-to-user <cmd> String to replace "USER [name]" (F)
    --ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F)
    --ftp-method [multicwd/nocwd/singlecwd] Control CWD usage (F)
    --ftp-pasv      Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)
 -P/--ftp-port <address> Use PORT with address instead of PASV (F)
    --ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F)
    --ftp-ssl       Try SSL/TLS for ftp transfer (F)
    --ftp-ssl-ccc   Send CCC after authenticating (F)
    --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode [active/passive] Set CCC mode (F)
    --ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F)
    --ftp-ssl-reqd  Require SSL/TLS for ftp transfer (F)
 -G/--get           Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)
 -g/--globoff       Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []
 -H/--header <line> Custom header to pass to server (H)
 -I/--head          Show document info only
 -h/--help          This help text
    --hostpubmd5 <md5> Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)
 -0/--http1.0       Use HTTP 1.0 (H)
    --ignore-content-length  Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header
 -i/--include       Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)
 -k/--insecure      Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)
    --interface <interface> Specify network interface/address to use
 -4/--ipv4          Resolve name to IPv4 address
 -6/--ipv6          Resolve name to IPv6 address
 -j/--junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H)
    --keepalive-time <seconds> Interval between keepalive probes
    --key <key>     Private key file name (SSL/SSH)
    --key-type <type> Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
    --krb <level>   Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F)
    --libcurl <file> Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line
    --limit-rate <rate> Limit transfer speed to this rate
 -l/--list-only     List only names of an FTP directory (F)
    --local-port <num>[-num] Force use of these local port numbers
 -L/--location      Follow Location: hints (H)
    --location-trusted Follow Location: and send auth to other hosts (H)
 -M/--manual        Display the full manual
    --max-filesize <bytes> Maximum file size to download (H/F)
    --max-redirs <num> Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)
 -m/--max-time <seconds> Maximum time allowed for the transfer
    --negotiate     Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H)
 -n/--netrc         Must read .netrc for user name and password
    --netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n
 -N/--no-buffer     Disable buffering of the output stream
    --no-keepalive  Disable keepalive use on the connection
    --no-sessionid  Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)
    --noproxy       Comma-separated list of hosts which do not use proxy
    --ntlm          Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)
 -o/--output <file> Write output to <file> instead of stdout
    --pass  <pass>  Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)
    --post301       Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)
    --post302       Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)
 -#/--progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a progress bar
 -x/--proxy <host[:port]> Use HTTP proxy on given port
    --proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)
    --proxy-basic   Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)
    --proxy-digest  Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)
    --proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H)
    --proxy-ntlm    Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)
 -U/--proxy-user <user[:password]> Set proxy user and password
    --proxy1.0 <host[:port]> Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port
 -p/--proxytunnel   Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)
    --pubkey <key>  Public key file name (SSH)
 -Q/--quote <cmd>   Send command(s) to server before file transfer (F/SFTP)
    --random-file <file> File for reading random data from (SSL)
 -r/--range <range> Retrieve only the bytes within a range
    --raw           Pass HTTP "raw", without any transfer decoding (H)
 -e/--referer       Referer URL (H)
 -O/--remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file
    --remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs
 -R/--remote-time   Set the remote file's time on the local output
 -X/--request <command> Specify request command to use
    --retry <num>   Retry request <num> times if transient problems occur
    --retry-delay <seconds> When retrying, wait this many seconds between each
    --retry-max-time <seconds> Retry only within this period
 -S/--show-error    Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur
 -s/--silent        Silent mode. Don't output anything
    --socks4 <host[:port]> SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port
    --socks4a <host[:port]> SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port
    --socks5 <host[:port]> SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port
    --socks5-hostname <host[:port]> SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy
    --socks5-gssapi-service <name> SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi
    --socks5-gssapi-nec  Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server
 -Y/--speed-limit   Stop transfer if below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs
 -y/--speed-time    Time needed to trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30
 -2/--sslv2         Use SSLv2 (SSL)
 -3/--sslv3         Use SSLv3 (SSL)
    --stderr <file> Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout
    --tcp-nodelay   Use the TCP_NODELAY option
 -t/--telnet-option <OPT=val> Set telnet option
 -z/--time-cond <time> Transfer based on a time condition
 -1/--tlsv1         Use TLSv1 (SSL)
    --trace <file>  Write a debug trace to the given file
    --trace-ascii <file> Like --trace but without the hex output
    --trace-time    Add time stamps to trace/verbose output
 -T/--upload-file <file> Transfer <file> to remote site
    --url <URL>     Set URL to work with
 -B/--use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer
 -u/--user <user[:password]> Set server user and password
 -A/--user-agent <string> User-Agent to send to server (H)
 -v/--verbose       Make the operation more talkative
 -V/--version       Show version number and quit
 -w/--write-out <format> What to output after completion
 -q                 If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc

【简单例子】
1. 下载并保存到文件

We can save the result of the curl command to a file by using -o/-O options.

    -o (lowercase o) the result will be saved in the filename provided in the command line
    -O (uppercase O) the filename in the URL will be taken and it will be used as the filename to store the result

$ curl -o mygettext.html ttp://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html
$ curl -O http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html

2.通过认证并下载

$ curl -u username:password URL
$ curl -u ftpuser:ftppass -O ftp://ftp_server/public_html/xss.php

3.上传文件（多个文件，添加内容到文件）

$ curl -u ftpuser:ftppass -T myfile.txt ftp://ftp.testserver.com
$ curl -u ftpuser:ftppass -T "{file1,file2}" ftp://ftp.testserver.com

【参考】
http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/04/curl-examples/