restful webservice in springMVC Demo

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restful webservice springMVC

Maven restful webservice springMVC

服务端：

项目结构：

需要用到的jar包：

pom.xml文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.royal</groupId>
	<artifactId>restful_webservice</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>restful_webservice</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>3.8.1</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>3.1.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>3.1.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>3.1.0.RELEASE</version>  
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>3.1.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>3.1.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
			<version>3.1.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.5</version> 
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
			<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.2</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
			<artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
			<version>1.4.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.1</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	
	<display-name>restful web service</display-name>
    
  <!-- 
	  这里声明了名字为“restful”的Spring DispatcherServlet， 并匹配所有“/*”的“restful”servlet，
	  在Spring 3里，当它发现有 “restful” servlet时，它会自动在WEB-INF目录下寻找“restful-servlet.xml”
   -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>restful</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>restful</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
	
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

注意：所声明的servlet-name一定要于自定义的xml文件名的头部部分相同，如果servlet-name为restful，则自定义的拦截的servlet xml文件的名称一定是restful-servlet.xml

自定义文件 restful-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
				http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
				http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-3.0.xsd">

	<!-- Spring会扫描com.royal包或他的子包的类来作为他的servlet组件 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.royal" />

	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver" />

	<!-- 
		声明了一个bookXmlView bean 为了初始化XStreamMarshaller，
		这个类会把我们接口中得到结果以XML文档形式展现出来
	 -->
	<bean id="bookXmlView" 
		  class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView">
		<constructor-arg>
			<bean class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller">
				<property name="autodetectAnnotations" value="true"/>
			</bean>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 通过这个配置文档，我们声明我们的类和注释后，spring自己会照顾rest -->
</beans>

OK，如此之后，我们接下来再写com.royal下面的一些类文件了

首先，定义一个接口

RestfulService.java

package com.royal.application;

import java.util.List;

import com.royal.model.Author;

public interface RestfulService {
	
	public List<Author> loadAuthors();

}

其实现类 RestfulServiceImpl.java

package com.royal.application.facade;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.royal.application.RestfulService;
import com.royal.model.Author;

@Service("restfulService")
public class RestfulServiceImpl implements RestfulService {

	public List<Author> loadAuthors() {
		List<Author> authors = new ArrayList<Author>();
		Author a1 = new Author("royal");
		Author a2 = new Author("萧_瑟");
		authors.add(a1);
		authors.add(a2);
		return authors;
	}

}

补充上2个POJO类

Author.java

package com.royal.model;

/**
 *被@XStreamAlias()注释了，那么他们在XML文档下的显示别名就以其属性名显示 
 */

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

@XStreamAlias("author")
public class Author {
	
	private String name;
	
	public Author(){
		
	}
	
	public Author(String name){
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

}

Book.java

package com.royal.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

@XStreamAlias("book")
public class Book implements Serializable{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private int id;
	private Author author;
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public Author getAuthor() {
		return author;
	}
	public void setAuthor(Author author) {
		this.author = author;
	}

}

最重要的是下面控制类：

RestfulController.java

package com.royal.controller;

/**
 * BookController class 被@Controller注释后，
 * 他会自动作为一个Spring MVC controller class。
 */

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.royal.application.RestfulService;
import com.royal.model.Author;

@Controller
public class RestfulController {

	@Autowired
	private RestfulService restfulService;

	/**
	 * @RequestMapping annotation（注释）会告诉Spring有关的URI， 比如“/xxx”。“method =
	 *                 RequestMethod.GET”代表以GET方式传递HTTP请求
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value = "getBookAuthors", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public ModelAndView getBookAuthors() {
		ModelAndView mav = null;
		List<Author> authors = restfulService.loadAuthors();

		/**
		 * 参数1：结果展现形式 参数2：模型对象的名称 参数3：模型对象结果
		 */
		mav = new ModelAndView("bookXmlView", BindingResult.MODEL_KEY_PREFIX
				+ "author", authors);

		return mav;
	}

}

最后，由于是maven项目，启动tomcat的时候记得勾上DevLoader Classpath 需要的类和 General的一些填写信息

OK, 启动tomcat服务器。

浏览器中输入本地访问网址：http://localhost:8090/restful_webservice/services/getBookAuthors

注意这条访问的地址路径：

其restful_webservice 指的就是项目名，General那边填写的信息；

其services 就是web.xml中mapping url-pattern；

其getBookAuthors 就是Controller下面的请求调用方法

最后访问结果：

================以下是客户端测试======================

客户端调用结果：

客户端项目结构：

model下的2个POJO类 Author、Book 和服务端是一样的，这样做主要用于层次结构的清晰，并无特殊含义。

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	
	<display-name>restful web service client</display-name>
    
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>
		     classpath*:beans.xml
		</param-value>
	</context-param>
	
	 <listener>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
    
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
                      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"  
  default-autowire="byName">
  
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.royal" />

	<bean id="restTemplate" class="org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate">
		<property name="messageConverters">
			<list>
				<!-- We only have one message converter for the RestTemplate, namely the XStream Marshller -->
				<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.xml.MarshallingHttpMessageConverter">
					<constructor-arg>
						<bean class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller">
							
							<!-- Tell XStream to find the alias names in the following classes -->
							<property name="annotatedClasses">
								<list>
									<value>com.royal.model.Author</value>							
									<value>com.royal.model.Book</value>							
								</list>						
							</property>
						</bean>
					</constructor-arg>
				</bean>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="restfulService" class="com.royal.application.facade.RestfulServiceImpl"/>
	
</beans>

RestfulService.java

package com.royal.application;

import java.util.List;

import com.royal.model.Author;

public interface RestfulService {
	
	public List<Author> loadAuthors();

}

RestfulServiceImpl.java

package com.royal.application.facade;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.royal.application.RestfulService;
import com.royal.model.Author;

@Component("restfulService")
public class RestfulServiceImpl implements RestfulService{

	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;
	
	private final static String serviceURL = "http://localhost:8090/restful_webservice/services/";
	
	public List<Author> loadAuthors() {
		return restTemplate.getForObject(serviceURL + "getBookAuthors", List.class);
	}

}

RestfulTest.java

package com.royal.client;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.royal.application.facade.RestfulServiceImpl;
import com.royal.model.Author;

public class RestfulTest {

	ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
	RestfulServiceImpl restfulService = applicationContext.getBean("restfulService", RestfulServiceImpl.class);

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new RestfulTest().launch();
	}

	public void launch() {
		if (restfulService != null) {
			List<Author> authorList = restfulService.loadAuthors();
			for (int i = 0; i < authorList.size(); i++) {
				Author author = authorList.get(i);
				System.out.println(author.getName());
			}
		} else {
			System.out.println("restfulService is null");
		}
	}

}

具体可下载附件。

同样的，因为采用的是maven项目构建，所以tomcat启动前请勾选DevLoader Classpath

需要勾选的就是一些spring启动时需要的一些jar

总结：

内容也许比较多，但是是为了更清楚的表达。

主要看关键

restful webservice 关键代码段

服务端：

       @Autowired
	private RestfulService restfulService;

	
	@RequestMapping(value = "getBookAuthors", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public ModelAndView getBookAuthors() {
		ModelAndView mav = null;
		List<Author> authors = restfulService.loadAuthors();

		/**
		 * 参数1：结果展现形式 参数2：模型对象的名称 参数3：模型对象结果
		 */
		mav = new ModelAndView("bookXmlView", BindingResult.MODEL_KEY_PREFIX + "author", authors);

		return mav;
	}

客户端：

       @Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;
	
	private final static String serviceURL = "http://localhost:8080/restful_webservice/services/";
	
	public List<Author> loadAuthors() {
		return restTemplate.getForObject(serviceURL + "getBookAuthors", List.class);
	}

其余的便是配置！

服务端有个 restful-servlet.xml

客户端有个 beans.xml

参考：

http://yangjizhong.iteye.com/blog/600540

http://yangjizhong.iteye.com/blog/600680